Unit+5+Using+Language+Chemical+versus+organic+farming+Assessing+your+progress高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

ChemicalVersusOrganicFarming

（体育，法律上）对抗；（比较两种不同想法、选择等）与…相对，与…相比[ˈvɜːsəs]化学耕作与有机耕作Unit5WorkingtheLand--Reading

forWritingLearningObjectives1.Clearthedefinitionsofchemicalandorganicfarmingandtrytoexplaintheminyourownlanguage.2.Describethebenefits,problemsandsolutionsofdifferentfarmingmethods.Whatdoyouknowaboutthetwofarmingmethods?chemical/conventionalfarmingorganicfarmingOrganicFarmingPrediction1.Whatisthetextabout?ChemicalfarmingOrganicfarming

picturestitle2.Whattypeofwritingisit?A.Narration(记叙文)B.Exposition(说明文)C.Argumentation(议论文)

chemicalversusorganicfarminge7d195523061f1c0c2b73831c94a3edc981f60e396d3e182073EE1468018468A7F192AE5E5CD515B6C3125F8AF6E4EE646174E8CF0B46FD19828DCE8CDA3B3A044A74F0E769C5FA8CB87AB6FC303C8BA3785FAC64AF5424764E128FECAE4CC72932BB65C8C121A0F41C1707D94688ED66335DC6AE12288BF2055523C0C26863D2CD4AC454A29EEC183CEF0375334B579Chemicalfarmingisfarmingusing_________________and_________________whileorganicfarmingissimplyfarming_________usinganychemicals.chemicalpesticidesartificialfertiliserswithout1.Whydidmanyfarmerswelcometheintroduction

ofchemicalfarming?

Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwayto

fightcropdiseases

andincreaseproduction.2.Whatconcernsmanypeopleabouttheuseof

pesticides?

Theirlong-termusecansometimesharmboth

thelandandpeople’shealth.Para.1Reading--Task13.Whatisoneproblemwiththeuseofchemical

fertilisers?

Cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofastto

berichinnutrition.Para.24.Howisorganicfarmingdifferentfromchemicalfarming?Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.

Organicfarmersfocuson

keepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseases

throughnaturalmeans.Para.35.Whydoorganicfarmerschangethekindof

cropgrowninafieldeveryyear?Differentcropsaregrownbecausetheyput

importantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Para.4Task2----ReadforthemainideasMatchthemainideas(A-D)belowwiththeparagraphs.ParagraphMainidea1-2345BCADWhatorganicfarmingisWhyman-madechemicalsarestillusedinfarmingOrganicmethodsforproducingrichsoilTheproblemswithchemicalfarmingParagraphMainIdeaDetail1-2Pesticides can kill helpful

.Some pesticides have been

 becauseofthe

.Crops grown with chemical fertilisers usually

tobefullof

.3Many organic farmers use

asfertiliser.DAbacteriaandinsectsprohibiteddamagetheycausegrowtoofastnutritionnaturalwastefromanimalsParagraphMainIdeaDetail4They often

grownineachfield

.They also plant crops that use 

ofthesoiltohelpkeepitrich.5Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet the high

.CBchangethekindofcropeveryyeardifferentdepthsdemandforfoodaroundtheworldReadfororganizationTitleTexttype:ExpositionThe_______and_________ofchemicalfarming.

benefitsproblemsPart1:(Para1&2)Whatorganicfarmingisand__________________.howitkeepthesoilrichPart2:(Para3&4)Part3:(Para5)Conclusion

DrawthestructureofthetextSummarySincethemiddleofthe20thcentury,usingchemicalfertilisers_______________(become)verycommoninfarming.Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincrease___________(produce).Overtime,_________,scientistshavefoundthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththeland______people’shealth.Theycandamagethelandby________(kill)theharmfulbacteriaandinsectsaswell____helpfulones.Besides,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandunderstandwatersourcesfor___longtime.Cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberich___nutrition.Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming.Manyorganicfarmerspreferusing_______（nature）wastefromanimalsasfertiliser,whichmakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Theyalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsis_________(grow)goodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentoftopeople’shealth.hasbecomeproductionhoweverandkillingasainnaturaltogrowLearnaboutYuanLongping’slifeLanguagepointsChemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisershavebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeoples’health.自20世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料在农业中得到了广泛的应用。刚开始使用的时候，很多农民都很欢迎，认为这是防治作物病害和提高产量的好办法。但随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。_________________在广泛使用中____________________推行；实施；引进________________随着时间流逝_________________损害

inwidespreaduseintroduceovertimeharmorganic/ɔːˈɡænɪk/adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的

organically

adv.有机地

pesticide/ˈpestɪsaɪd/n.杀虫剂；除害药物

widespread/ˈwaɪdspred/

adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的

harm/hɑːm/

vt.损害；伤害n.伤害；损害harm读一读

细观察1.Didthestormdoanyharmtothecorn?词性________含义____________2.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.

词性________含义________3.Ithinkproperexerciseisharmlesstoyourlegs.词性_____含义________名词损害；伤害__________________对某人/某物有害doharmtosb/sth形容词有害的__________________adj.

有害的harmful形容词无害的__________________对...有害beharmfulto__________________adj.

无害的harmless即学即用单句语法填空1.Fruitjuicescanbe____________(harm)tochildren’steeth.句型转换2.Don’treadinbed.Itwilldoharmtoyoureyes.Don’treadinbed.Itwill_________________youreyes.harmfulbeharmfulto

Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.

例如，农药不仅会杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质会在土壤和地下水源中停留很长时间，这会影响到土地上种植的作物，进而影响到消化这些作物的动物和人类。很多人担心这些化学物质会让他们生病，甚至致癌。事实上，一些杀虫剂，如DDT，由于对人和环境的破坏，大多数国家已经禁止使用。至于化肥，使用化肥种植的农作物通常生长过快，营养不丰富。但里面通常含有更多的水分而不是必需的矿物质，而且它们的味道往往也较差。。_________________损害；破坏____________________细菌___________相应地；转而；轮流；依次_________________消化____________

完全必要的；及其重要的damagebacteriuminturndigestessentialbacterium/bækˈtɪəriəm/n.细菌bacteria/bækˈtɪəriə/

n.(pl.)细菌inturn相应地；转而；依次，轮流

digest/daɪˈdʒest/v.消化；领悟；领会/ˈdaɪdʒest/n.摘要；文摘essential/ɪˈsenʃ(ə)l/adj.

完全必要的；极其重要的essentialsn.生活必需品mineral/ˈmɪnərəl/n.矿物；矿物质Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.damage读一读

细观察1.Thiscouldcause/doseriousdamagetoyourenvironment.

词性________含义____________名词损害；损失____________________损害某人的健康damageone’shealth____________________对...造成损害；损害...cause/dodamageto..辨

析damage指价值，用途降低或外表损坏等；可以修复destroy指彻底毁坏以至于不能或很难修复ruin多指因外部原因受到严重破坏或毁坏，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。即学即用选词填空（damage/destroy/ruin）1.Thetownwas___________inthefire.2.Theheavyrain_________ourholiday.3.Thecarwasbadly___________intheaccident.destroyedruineddamaged依次Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswho

digestthem.turn常用短语读一读

细观察1.Thegirlscalledouttheirnamesinturn.含义__________2.It’sapitythatheturneddownmyoffer.含义_________3.Whenintrouble,Ioftenturntomyfather.含义__________4.Heagreedtocomebutdidn’tturnup.

含义____________5.Let’staketurnstohelpthem.含义_________6.Theycleantheroombyturns.含义____________________依次；轮流；转而inturnbyturns强调“⼀个接⼀个”和“轮流”，带有“循环”的意思inturn强调“顺序”，是“依次相继地”的意思。这层意思。________________拒绝拒绝turndown向...求助___________向...求助turnto出现___________出现turnup轮流________________轮流taketurns轮流________________轮流byturnsdigest/daɪˈdʒest/v.消化；领悟；领会

/ˈdaɪdʒest/n.摘要；文摘读一读•

细观察1.Hepaused,waitingforhertodigesttheinformation.词性_______含义___________________2.Mymotherisreadingamonthlynewsdigest.词性_______含义____________即学即用1.Wedidthework_____turns.2.Heturned_______herinvitationtotheparty.3.Sheturned_____lateasusual.完成句子4.饭后你应该留点时间让食物消化。Youshouldallowalittletimeafteramealfor______________________.动词领会；领悟；理解名词摘要；文摘bydownupthefoodtodigest

Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.

作为一种选择，一些农户已经改用有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转而选择有机食品。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的简单耕作。有机农户专注于通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和没有疾病。例如，许多有机农民使用动物的天然废物作为肥料。这使得他们田地里的土壤含有更丰富的矿物质。它还能使空气、土壤、水和农作物不含化学物质。________________可供选择的事物____________________食品杂货店________________使...免受（影响）_________________肥料alternativegrocerykeep...freeoffertiliseralternative/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/n.可供选择的事物

adj.可供替代的；非传统的grocery/ˈɡrəʊsəri/n.食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货____________________有做某事的选择alternative

/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/n.可供选择的事物

adj.可供替代的；非传统的alternative常用短语读一读

细观察1.Wedecidedtomakeanalternativeplanatlast.词性________含义__________2.Homeopathy(顺势疗法)isapopularformofalternativemedicine.

词性________含义_________即学即用1.Ifwefail,therewouldbenoalternativebut_________(cancel)theprogrammealtogether.2.Doyouhave______alternativesolution?形容词可供替代的____________________别无选择只好做某事havenoalternativebuttodosth形容词非传统的havethealternativeofdoingsthtocancelanOrganicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.keep...freeof=keep..freefrom使...免受（影响，伤害等）

拓展：keepsbfromdoingsthstopsbfromdoingsthpreventsbfromdoingsth牛刀小试1.Theylikelivinginavillage,keepingthemselvesfree_____crowdsandnoises.完成句子他给父母打了电话免得他们担心。Hetelephonedhisparentsto___________________of/fromkeepthemfreefrom/ofanxiety/worry

Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatuseddifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.Forexample,peanutsgrowontheground’ssurface,butmanyothervegetablesputdowndeeproots.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.有机农民还使用许多其他方法来培养肥沃的土壤。他们经常改变每年在每块田里种植的作物种类。例如，他们可能会在某块田里种植玉米或小麦，然后在第二年种植豆类。为什么要种植不同的农作物，是因为他们把重要的矿物质释放回地里，让它再次为下一批农作物做好准备。有机耕种的农民还种植多样化的作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤的肥沃。例如，花生生长在地表，但许多其他蔬菜却把根扎得很深。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人们的健康造成损害。____________例如；比如______________为...做准备______________深度forinstancereadyfordepthdepth

/depθ/n.向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）root

/ruːt/根；根茎；根部；根源depth

n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)1.Theoilwellextendedseveralhundredsoffeetindepth.

油井向下延伸了数百英尺。2.Hisideaslackdepth.

他的想法缺乏深度。3.Whenyouarereadytofinishtheexercise,graduallydeepenyourbreathing.

当你准备结束练习时，要慢慢地深呼吸。4.Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.

作为一名女商人，我非常在乎我的顾客。①

indepth全面地；深入地；仔细地

inthedepthsof在……深处②

deep

adj.深的；深沉的；专心的

adv.

在深处；深深地

deepdown在内心深处；本质上；实际上③

deeply

adv.深深地；非常地

deepen

v.(使)变深；加深与“deep—depth—deepen”变形相似的词还有:adj.highwidelongstrongbroadn.heightwidthlengthstrengthbreadthv.heightenwidenlengthenstrengthenbroaden

Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.

有些人希望在农业中完全停止使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是，化学农业服务于全世界对食物的高需求。有机农业远远不能满足这种需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，既能让餐桌上有足够的食物，又能让人们和环境尽可能地保持健康，还有很长的路要走。____________全部地；完整地______________高要求______________完全没有，远不及________________满足某人的求________________尽可能...entirelyhighdemandnowherenearmeetone’sneedas...aspossibleentirely/ɪnˈtaɪəli/adv.

全部地；完整地；完全地___________adj.写作佳句Theplacewasn’t__________(entire)authenic(真实的)tough.(2021•新高考I卷)entireentirely

Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.句式剖析

本句是主从复合句，_______引导的是主语从句；_____引导的同位语从句说明thefact的内容注意：1.that引导的同位语从句多位于idea、fact、evidence、hope、belief、wish、doubt、news、advice、suggestion、等表示抽象意义的名次之后，用于解释说明这些名词的具体内容。eg:Thenewsthatweareinvitedtotheconferenceisveryencouraging.thatwhat

Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.nowherenear完全没有；远不及扩展

nowhereadv.无处；哪里都不n.无处；任何地方；无名之地注意：当nowhere位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，且把_______、________、_________提到主语前面eg.NowhereelsecouldMarygoexceptthispark.助动词情态动词be动词翻译句子1.Thejobdoesn’tpayanywherenearenoughforme.2.Mywatchisnowheretobefound.AssesingYourProgressQiMinYaoShu(《齐民要术》)isacomprehensiveagriculturalbookwrittenbyJiaSixie(贾思勰),anoutstandingChineseagronomistintheNorthernWeiDynasty,andoneoftheearliestmonographsinthehistoryofagronomyintheworld.ItisthemostcompleteagriculturalbookinChina.1.Readandcompletethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesinthebox.Thenanswerthequestions.JiaSixiewasagovernmentofficialfromShandongProvincewhoconductedalotofagriculturalresearchinthesixthcentury.Inhistravels,heobservedthatsomefarmershadmuchbetter______thanothers,sohedecidedtoinvestigatethebestwaysof__________goodharvests.Afterretiring,hewroteabook,QiMinYaoShu,which___________________soundadviceandpracticesforpeopledoingagriculturalwork.Inonepieceofadvice,______________,hetoldfarmers