高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册视频脚本+听力文本

外研社高中英语选择性必修第二册视频脚本+听力文本(精校)U1视频脚本Coming-of-AgeCeremoniesAcoming-of-ageceremonyisaneventthatmarksthetimewhenayoungpersonmovesfromchildhoodtoadulthood.Insomecultures,theseceremoniesarerootedinhistory,whileinothers,theyarepresentedinamoremodernway.InAncientChina,atraditional"cappingceremony"washeldwhenamanturned20.Duringthisceremony,hishairwascombedintoabunandcapped.Aspecialguestofhonourwouldextendbestwishesfortheyoungman'sfuture,andwouldgivehima"stylename"whichisanametakenattheageof20.Forayoungwoman,a"hair-pinningceremony"washeldaroundher15thbirthday.Herhairwouldbetiedinaknotanddecoratedwithahairpin.Boththeseceremoniessignifiedthatthewearerswerereadytojoinadultsociety.OntheSouthPacificIslandofPentecost,anothertraditiontakesplace-thoughonlyforboys.Everyyear,boysasyoungasnineortentakepartintheceremonyoflanddiving.Toprepareforit,eachboymustgointotheforesttofindalongvine.Duringtheceremony,heclimbstothetopofawoodentower20to30metreshigh.There,hefastensoneendofthevinetothetowerandtheothertohisfeet…andjumps!Farbelow,peoplesinganddanceinencouragement,becausetheboywillnotberegardedasamanuntilhehasmadethejump.AparticularlymoderncelebrationtakesplaceintheUS.ForAmericans,16istheageatwhichtheygainsomesignificantrights,suchasbeingabletoworkandtodrive.Manygirlscelebratethisnewfoundindependencewithasweet16party.Thiscanbeasmall,informalaffairathomewithfamilyandclosefriends,oranextravaganteventatafancyvenue.Someboyscelebratetheir16thbirthdaysinsimilarways.Acelebrationattheageof16istypicallythebiggestandmostmemorableofagirl'sorboy'steenageyears,markingthebeginningofanewstageinlife.U1听力文本1Ken:Hi,Susan!I'vejustheardyou'regoingtobecomeaboarder,likeme!Thisisgreatnews!Susan:Thanks,Ken,butI'mnotsosure.Theideaofbecomingaboarderreallyworriesme.Ken:Butwhy?Ithinkitwillbesomuchfun!Susan:Well,I'veneverbeenawayfromhomeandI'mafraidIcan'tliveonmyown.Ken:Don'tbeafraid!Thinkofitaspreparationforuniversitylife,andawayoflearningtobeindependent.Youcanalsoturntoyourfriends,tutorsorclassmatesforhelp.Susan:Isupposethat'strue.ButI'malsoworriedthatImighthaveadifferentroutinetomyroommates.Also,whatifmyroommatesaren'tverypleasanttolivewith?Ken:Inmyexperience,it'sagoodideatocommunicateopenlywithyourroommatesandfindsolutionstoproblemsthatsuityouall.Communicationandcompromiseareimportanttogroupliving.Susan:That'strue.Buthere'sanotherthing:Iwillhavetofollowastrictdormschedule.I'mconcernedthatI'llnolongerbeabletohangoutwithmyfriendsasmuchasIusedto.Ken:Perhapsyoucouldjoinsomeclubs?Therearelotsofclubsandactivitiesafterlessons,andyoucouldmakenewfriends.Susan:Thatdoessoundexciting...ButIsupposethatIwillmissmyparentsalot.Ken:Alboardersfeellikethatatfirst.Howaboutcallingthemandhavingvideochats?AndI'msuretheweekendsandholidayswillcomeroundbeforeyouknowit.Susan:Thankyou,Ken.You'vereallysetmymindatease.Ken:Ithinkyou'llreallylikeboarding.Nomatterwhatdifficultiesyoumightencounter,whenyoulookback,lifeasaboarderwillbeoneofyourmostvaluablememories.Susan:Ihopeso!Ireallywanttomakethemostofmytimeatboardingschool.Ken:Goodluckwitheverything,andletmeknowifyouhaveanymoreconcerns.Susan:Thankyou.Iwill.U1听力文本2Student1:Yesterday,IwaslookingatsomeoldphotosathomewithMom.Theybroughtbacksomereallystrongmemoriesforbothofus.Student2:Oh,likewhat?Learningtowalkandsayingyourfirstword?Student1:Yes,likethat.Momshowedmeherfavoritephoto.It'sofmestartingschool,carryingmyschoolbagforthefirsttime.Itmademewonder:whenIlookbackonmylifein20or30years,whatwillmyspecialmemoriesbe?Student2:Doyoumeangettingmarriedandhavingchildren?Student1:Yes,that'sit.I'mnotsureifIwanttohaveanychildrenyet.IthinkI'llhaveaclearerideaaboutmyfuturewhenIgraduatefromcollege.ButIbelievethedayIgetmarriedwillbethemostimportantdayofmylife.Student2:Well,that'salongtimeinthefuture.Beforethat,youhavetogotocollege.Student1:Yes,that'strue.IthinkmymomwillbeabitsadwhenIgotocollegethough.Student2:I'msureshewill.Butallchildrenhavetogrowupandmoveawaysomeday.Anyway,thinkabouthowhappyshe'llbeafteryougraduatefromcollege.Student1:That'strue.WhenIgetajobandcanreallylookaftermyself,she'llbesoproudofme!U2视频脚本TimeManagementTipsIfthere'sonethingthatmostteenagersdon'tseemtohaveenoughof,itistime.Herearesixtimemanagementtipsforbusyteenagers.1.Createaschedule.Effectivetimemanagementforteenagersbeginsandendswithgoodscheduling.Atthebeginningofeachweek,createaschedulethatmapsoutallyourmajorprojectsandthetimeavailable.Decidewhichtasksarethemosturgent,andplantodothesefirst.2.Setsmallgoals.Whenyouhavealarge,time-consumingtasktocomplete,youtendtoputitoffbecauseyoudon'treallyknowwheretostartandfeeloverwhelmed.Togetstartedeasily,writethebigtaskatthetopofalist,andthenbreakitdownintosmallertasks.Turnthesesmallertasksintoachecklistthatyoucanfollow.3.Makethemostofeverysecond.Whileyou'retravellingtoschoolorwaitingforafriendtoturnup,youprobablyfindyourselfcheckingorpostingonsocialmedia.Insteadusethistimetodooneormoreofyoursmalltasks.Bygettingsomereadingdoneduringyourunexpectedfreetime,you'llendupsavingalotoftime.4.Identifyyourproductivetime.Whetheryou'reanearlybirdoranightowl,identifythetimewhenyouaremostproductiveandusethattimetogetthroughyourto-dolist.5.Wearawatch.Itmightsoundsimple,butwearingawatchdoesinfacthelpyoukeepaneyeontime.6.Focusyourefforts.Rememberitissaidasarulethat20%ofyoureffortscanproduce80%ofyourresults.Sofocusonthat20%andtrytodotheleastamountofworkinthemostefficientway.U2听力文本Interviewer:HonestyisatraditionalvaluefortheChinese.Recently,oneseniorhighschoolinourcitydevelopedaprogrammetopromotehonestyamongitsstudents.Todaywearehonouredtohavewithustheprincipalofthathighschool,MsWuYuxian,whoistheinitiatoroftheHonestyProgramme.MsWu,howdidyougoaboutpromotinghonestyatyourschool?Wu:Icangiveacoupleofexamples.Wefirststartedanactivitylastyearcalledthe"unsupervisedexamination".Thatis,duringthisexamination,thereisnoteacherpresenttooverseethestudents.Beforetakingtheexamination,studentsfirstneedtosignaletterofcommitment,promisingtoabidebytherules.Interviewer:It'sgreatthatyoutrustalofyourstudentstosittheunsupervisedexamination.Wu:Well,letmeclarify,it'sstillonlysomeofthem.Inthebeginning,wechoseonlysomeclassessowecouldgetanideaifanunsupervisedexaminationwouldworkornot.Tooursurprise,itwasagreatsuccess.Studentsgenerallyexpressedthattheylikethiskindofexaminationbecauseit'sgoodtofeeltrustedandtheyquiteenjoyedtherelaxedatmosphereintheexamination.Inturn,theydevelopedgreaterself-control.Asaresult,moreclasseswilldothisexaminationasofnextterm.Interviewer:Whatfabulousstudents!CanyougiveanyotherexamplesfromtheHonestyProgramme?Wu:Yes,forinstance,wehavewhatwecallthe"honestyumbrella".Atthestartoftheterm,weput200umbrellasinthelibrary,thecanteenandtheteachingbuildings.Printedoneachumbrellawasashortstatementabouthonestyandothervalues,suchas"Honestyisthebestpolicy"or"It'sgoodtoshare".Theresultwasthatattheendoftheterm,alltheumbrellaswerereturnedinonepiece.Imeannotoneofthemhadbeenlostordamaged.Interviewer:That'sfantastic!Whatelseareyougoingtodo?Wu:Weareplanningtoexpandtheprogramme.Takenextyearasanillustration.Weaimtointroducetheprogrammetoanotherbranchoftheschool.Acultureofhonestycanexistandgrowinagroupenvironment.Toputitanotherway,everyoneneedstoworktogethertobuildacultureofhonesty,andweneedmoreteachersandstudentstojoinus.Interviewer:Thankyou,MsWu!Wu:It'smypleasure.U3视频脚本Whichisbetter?I'vebeenthinkingaboutthepast,Whenthingswereslower,notasfastAstheyaretoday.Lookup!Thegreatjetspassabove.Theycancrosshalftheworldinaday.InLondon,inParis,you'reneverfarawayFrommenow.Butintheolddays,shipscrawledAcrosstheseas.Sixweeks!Sixmonths!Thejourneyofalifetime.Notsomethingtodotwice.Whenyousaidgoodbyeattheharbour,Yousaidgoodbyeforever.SoI'mgladaboutthefastaircraft.Theykeepyouclosetome,Ontheothersideoftheworld.WaitingweeksormonthsformailAllourletterscamebysailOrbytrain.(Whatapain!)Butwhenwedidreceivealetter,Therewasreallynothingbetter!Ireadyourwordsinmessypen,Andslowlywrotetoyouagain.Nowourphonescanmessagefast.Butisitbetterthanthepast?Yougetsomanythingstoread!Andyes,yourbraindoesworkatspeed.Butthere'salotYouleaveunread.(Howcouldyounot?)Inthepast,Ilefttheoffice.Myworkwasdone,Anditwastimetoenjoymyself.Nowmyphoneisalwayson.I'mneveroffline.Icanworkanywhere.(ThatmeansIcanandhavetoworkanytime.)BeforeIhadthissmartphone,Ihadonlyafewfriends,ButIcherishedeverymomentwiththem.NowIhavemorefriends,Onsocialmedia.Buthowclosearewereally?Isthisgoodorbad?Happyorsad?Well,fastorslow,Whoknowswhichisbetter?We'realldifferent,itistrue;SoIwon'ttellyouwhattodo.It'suptoyoutochooseHowyouliveyourlifestyle.Runfast,walkslow,totravelthatmile.Faster?Slower?Youcanchangeyourpace.It'syourlife.U3听力文本InordertohaveabetterunderstandingofChina'sgrowthmiracle,we'redoingaseriesofspecialprogrammesonthissubject.This,thefirstepisode,isonShenzhen.Asthefirstspecialeconomiczone,Shenzhenhasundergonerapiddevelopmentoverthedecades.WehaveinterviewedsomeShenzhenresidents,andnowlet'shearwhattheyhavetosayaboutthepaceofgrowth.Interviewer:Excuseme,I'mareporterfromLifeTV.MayItakeafewminutesofyourtimeandaskyousomequestions?Interviewee:Certainly,goahead.Interviewer:Thankyou.WereyoubornandbroughtupinShenzhen?Interviewee:Notreally,butImovedherewithmyparentswhenIwasyoung.Interviewer:Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?Interviewee:Morethan40years.Interviewer:AndmayIaskwhatyouroccupationis?Interviewee:I'masoftwareengineerforanITcompany.Interviewer:CanyoudescribewhatShenzhenwaslikewhenyouwereyoung?Interviewee:AtthattimeShenzhenwasonlyasmalltownsurroundedbyfields.Therewerenotmanypeoplelivingthere.Ofcoursetherewerenobusystreetsandnotrafficjams.Peoplemadealivingfromfishingandfarming.Interviewer:What'syourimpressionofShenzhen'srapiddevelopmentsincereformandopeningup?Interviewee:Oh,there'sbeenahugechange!Ithasdevelopedintoaninternationalcitywithmodernskyscrapersallaroundandapopulationofover12millionpeople.Isn'tthatamazing?Interviewer:That'sforsure.Howwouldyoucompareyourlifethenandnow?Interviewee:Comparedwiththepast,lifeisbusier,andeverythingischangingallthetime.Inthepast,peoplejuststayedinthesamearea,andonedaywasjustlikeanyother.Butnoweachdaybringssomethingnew.Newthingskeepcoming,andI'velivedinmanydifferentplacesinShenzhen,alwaysonthemove.Interviewer:Areyouhappywithallthischange?Interviewee:Yes.Althoughthepaceisfaster,lifeiseasier,andit'scertainlyinteresting!Interviewer:WhatwouldyousayaboutShenzhentoday?Interviewee:Today'sShenzhenisaveryspecialplace,andI'mproudtolivehere.It'salsofullofopportunitiesandchallenges,especiallyforyoungpeople.IthinkShenzhenisaplacewheretheycanrealisetheirdreams.Interviewer:OK.Thankyouverymuchforyourtime.Interviewee:You'rewelcome.U4视频脚本1Today'sWorldThepopulationonEarthiscurrentlyover7.4billion,andit'sgrowingfast!Tolearnmoreaboutthishugepopulation,let'sfirstimagineourworldasavillage.It'sasmallvillagewithapopulationofjustonehundred.Eachpersoninthevillagerepresents74millionpeoplewhoinhabittheplanet.Halfaremaleandhalfarefemale.Asyouwouldexpect!Sixty-onepeopleinthisvillagearefromAsia,and19ofthose,areChinese.Well,Chinaisabigcountrywithalotofpeople!TwelvepeoplespeakPutonghuaastheirnativelanguage,whilefivespeakEnglishastheirnativelanguage.Eighty-twopeopleinthevillagecomefromdevelopingcountries.And31ofthesepeoplehavenoaccesstodrinkingwaterandsewagesystems.Outrageous!Withoutbasicsanitation,theyruntheriskofbecomingverysick.Inthevillage,thereare56peoplewithaccesstotheInternetandthereare77mobilephones.Butsomepeopleowntwoormoreofthosephones.Perhapsthemostastonishingthingaboutthisvillageisthat40%ofitswealthisownedbyjustoneindividual!U4视频脚本2TheFaceofSlaveryFromthe16thtothe19thcentury,millionsofAfricansweretransportedacrosstheAtlantictoprovidecheaplabourforEurope'scoloniesintheAmericas.Slavesenduredlongjourneysinterribleconditionsonslaveships.Aftertheyarrived,theyweresoldtonewowners.Buttheirconditionsdidnotimprove.Dailylifeforaslaveinvolvedback-breakinglabour.Slavesoncottonplantationsworkedfromfirstlightuntilnightfall.Theywereallowedonlyenoughrestaswasneededtokeepthemaliveandabletowork.Someslaveswereallowedtohavefamilies,butthatwasonlybecausetheirchildrenwouldbecomeslavesaswell.Slaveswereoftenphysicallyabusedbytheirowners,butwithnolegalrights,theywereunabletoprotestagainstsuchbadtreatment.Slaveownerscouldpunishtheirslaveshowevertheywished.WhenUncleTom'sCabin,anow-famousnovelaboutthelifeofanoldslave,waspublishedin1852,itwasstillillegalforanyoneintheUnitedStatestohelparunawayslave.Thenovelaimedtoattackthelawandtoconvincethereaderoftheevilsofslavery.Indeed,ithelpedmakeslaverylesspopularbyrevealingthemiserablelivesofslaves.U4听力文本Katie:HeyRobbie,Iconstantlycomeacrossnewwordsinonlinenewspapers.Doyouknowwhatthiswordmeans?"Grockle".Robbie:[lookingandlaughing]Oh,it'sawordusedinDevon.Itreferstoatourist.Katie:Really?NowonderIhaven'thearditbefore.WeinLiverpoolneveruseit.Iwonderifit'sinthedictionary.Letmelookupthedictionaryonmymobilephone.[soundofpressingbuttonsonmobilephone]Yes,hereitis!Iguessmoreandmoreregionalwordsaremakingitintodictionariesthesedays.Robbie:That'sinteresting.AndIsupposeyouhavethevariationsofEnglishfromaroundtheworldtothinkabout,too.Katie:Yes.Didyouknowthat"wok"isaCantoneseword,forexample?It'saparticulartypeofpan.Robbie:Isitreally?Ionlyknewthatwordslikechowmein,wontonandchopsueyareallfromChinese.Katie:Infact,therearemoreandmoreChinesewordsandexpressionsmakingtheirwayintoEnglish.Robbie:Right.EspeciallywithmoreandmorepeoplelearningChinese.ItisreallyamazinghowmuchEnglishhaschangedoverthelastfewdecades.Katie:Iagree.Andactually,thechangesdon'tjusthappentothewordsweuse,butalsothefoodwenowfindinshopsandrestaurants.Forexample,IoftengoshoppinginalargeAsiansupermarketnotfarfromwhereIlive.ThereareallkindsoffoodsfromAsia,likebambooshootsanddurianfruit.Robbie:Really?WhenIeatoutwithmyfriends,weoftengotoaChineserestaurant,althoughtherearelotsofotherrestaurantstochoosefrom,suchasItalian,FrenchandJapanese.IalsofinditinterestingtoseejusthowmanyEuropeansknowhowtousechopsticks.Katie:Indeed.Nowadays,youdon'tneedtogoabroadtoenjoyfoodfromotherpartsoftheworld.Nowonderitisn'tasurprisetoseepeopleinBritaineatingChinesefoodwhilewatchingtheUEFAChampionsLeaguelive.Robbie:Anditisnotunusualtofind,ontheothersideoftheworld,peopleenjoyingpizzawhilewatchingthesamegame.Katie:Exactly.Andbesidesfood,sportsalsoplayanimportantroleinconnectingpeople.Robbie:Theworldisgettingsmallerandsmaller.Asisoftensaid,we'relivinginaglobalvillage.U5视频脚本1ConnectedTogetherBetweenwhereIamstandingandwhereveryouaresitting,therearemillionsofdifferenttypesofplantsandanimals,millionsofdifferentspecies,alllivingtogetherintheenvironment,insomethingwecallanecosystem.Nowinorderforanecosystemtobesuccessful,inorderforittobehealthy,ithastohavedifferentkindsofplantsandanimals-lotsofdifferentkindsofplantsandanimals…somethingwecall"biodiversity".Nowbiodiversitysoundskindofcomplicated.Butifyoulisten,italsosoundskindofnice.ThisistheEarth,ourworld.Allthelivingthingsthatweknowoflivehere,andtheyliveinecosystems,placesliketundras,taigas,savannahs,grasslands,prairies,deserts,steppes,intertidalzones,subtidalzones,continentalshelves,deepoceanzones,estuaries,deciduousforests,temperaterainforests,tropicalrainforests,Articicepacks,wetlands,marinemudflatsandcities.That'salotofenvironmentsbuttherearealotoflivingthingstofillthemup.TheEarth'senvironmentsarejustcrowdedwithlife.Livingthingstakeholdeverywheretheycan.Here'saninsectlivingrightontopofbladesofgrass.It'salivingthingthatlivesonotherlivingthings.See,environmentsalwayshavelivingpartsandnon-livingparts.Someanimalsliveontopofplants,someanimalsliveinthewater,someplantsgrowonrocks.It'sallpartoftheecosystem.Nearlythree-quartersoftheworld'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Somostoftheworld'slivingthingslivehere,justoneecosystemafteranother.Now[as]nearaswecantell,all[the]livingthingsdependonotherlivingthings.Sothemoredifferentkindsoflivingthingsinanecosystem,themoresuccessfulitis.Wecallthis"biodiversity"-differentkindsoflife.Wecanthinkofanecosystemasthiswoodenpuzzlegame.Seeallthedifferentspecies?Theyallfittogetherandtheydependoneachothertolive.Andyouknow,onceinawhileaspecieswillgoextinct,it'lldisappearfromtheecosystem.Youcanseehowyoucanlose...afewofthosewithouttoomuchtrouble.But[if]youstarttolosetoomany,thewholethingbecomes...becomesalittle...rickety.Now,wheredopeoplefitin?Oh,theyfitinjustabouteverywhere.Justaboutanywhereyoucanwalk,you'llfindpeoplelivingbecausepeoplearelivingthingsandtheyarepartoftheecosystem.Sowhenwegotomanageanecosystem,wehavetobecarefulabouthowthingsfittogetherortherewon'tbeaplaceforus.Wehavetobeverycareful...extremelycareful.Nowthishasn'thappenedyet,butitcould.Ecosystemsarealittlebitlikethisgameofsticks.Youcan'ttakeonestickoutwithoutdisturbingmostoftheotherones.Thethingsthatliveinecosystemsdependoneachother.Theyareconnected.It'skindofcool!U5视频脚本2TheBeautifulLandscapesofShennongjiaLongagoinAncientChina,therewasamythicalfigureknownasShennong.NotonlydidShennongbringagricultureandtheuseofherbalmedicinetoChina;healsoinventedagriculturaltoolsandtechniques,andtheChinesecalendarwithits24solarterms.ItissaidthatthehometownofShennongwasaforestinHubeiProvince,whichtodayisknownas"Shennongjia".Thisbeautifulanddiverseregioncoversanareaof3,253squarekilometresofnorth-westHubeiProvince.Itgivessheltertoover1,000speciesofmedicinalplants,manyofwhicharerareanduniquetoShennongjia.Here,mountainslopesarecoveredwithtrees,someofwhichgrowupto40metrestall.Insummer,pinkandvioletflowerslendsplashesofcolour.Thesearesomeofitsmostbreathtakinglandscapes.ThemagnificentShennongPeakrisesto3,105metresabovesealevel.Banbiyanisfamousforitsstoneforest,aswellasitsbambooforestsandgrasslandsthatfloodwithflowers.ThestoneforestsofFengjingyastandagainstabackgroundofgreenmountainsthatreachesasfarastheeyecansee.Whenitrains,thetopsofthesemountainslooklikeislandsfloatingonaseaofclouds.CometoShennongjiatoenjoyitsbeautyandexperiencethelegend!U5听力文本Meg:HeyOllie,haveyouheardthatthebepopulationisdeclining?Ollie:No,Ihaven't.But,thinkingaboutit,Ihardlyeverseebeesthesedays.WhenIwaslittle,theyseemedtobeeverywhere!Meg:Ifbeesdieout,humanswilldieouttoo.Ollie:What?!Youmustbekidding!Idon'tbelieveit!Meg:It'safact!!Iwatchedanaturedocumentaryallaboutittheotherevening.Beesareveryimportanttoourfoodsupply.Ollie:Howcanthatbepossible?Humanswon'tdieoutjustbecausethere'snohoney!Meg:Beesdon'tjustmakehoney.Don'tforgetthatbeesarealsoresponsibleforpollinatingplants.Withoutthem,cropswouldbeunabletoreproduce.Ollie:Butsurelythereareotherwaysofgettingthesecropstoreproduce.Doesithavetobebees?Meg:Well,thereareotherinsectsthatpollinateplants,butit'sunlikelythattheywouldbeabletofullycompensateforthelossofbees.Beesareresponsibleforpollinatingabout70%ofthespeciesofcrops.Ollie:Areyousureaboutthatdata?Itsoundsratherexaggerated.Meg:Watchthedocumentaryandcheckitoutforyourselfifyoudon'tbelieveme.Withoutbees,numerousplantspecieswoulddieout.Animalsthatliveonthecropswoulddieout,andwewouldn'thaveenoughtoeat.Ollie:Seriously?That'sscary!Butlookingonthebrightside,therearemillionsandmillionsofbees.They'renotgoingtodieoutanytimesoon.Meg:I'mafraidyou'rewrong.Thebeepopulationisdecliningveryquickly.Accordingtostatistics,beenumbersintheUShavefallenby17%injustoneyear.Ollie:Gosh!Whatcausedthat?Meg:Acombinationofthings,really,butit'smainlyduetodamagetotheirhabitatscausedbypesticidesandclimatechange.Ollie:Sohumanactivityisthemaincause?Meg:That'sright.Ollie:Well,inthatcase,we'dbetterdosomethingbeforeit'stoolate.U6视频脚本LivingandWorkinginAntarcticaAntarctica-itisthesouthernmost,coldest,driestandwindiestcontinent.Itattractsscientistsfromallovertheworld.Theycometostudyitsuniquegeography,geologyandbiodiversity,inthehopeofmakingnewdiscoveries.Thescientistsliveinsideresearchstations,whicharemanagedbymorethan20countries,includingChina,theUnitedStates,Russia,FranceandGermany.AnytimespentinAntarcticameansthatscientistshavetoendureitsextremeweather.Eveninsummer,temperaturesareusuallyaroundfreezing.Infact,thecoldesttemperatureonEarthwasrecordedhereinAntarcticaatnearly-100°C!Whenscientistsgooutsidethestations,theyneedtowearspecialclothesforprotectionfromsuchfreezingtemperatures,aswellasfromfiercewindsandstrongblizzards.AsweatherconditionsinAntarcticacanchangefromcalmtowhite-outinminutes,anyonetravellingorworkingoutdoorsmusthaveasurvivalbag.Atypicalsurvivalbagcontainsatentfortwopeople,sleepingbagsandothersurvivalequipment,incasetheygetlostorhavetospendthenightoutdoors.Oneofthemostdifficultthingstogetusedto,however,istheunusuallylongdaysandnights.Insummer,thesunrisesonceandsetsmanymonthslater.Likewise,Antarctica'slongwintermeansmonthsofdarkness.Whiletheseseeminglyendlessdaysandnightscauseissueswiththescientists'bodyclocks,wintercanbeparticularlyproblematic.Thedarknessmakesmostoutdoorresearchimpossible.Itisperhapsnosurprisethat