2010.6—2007.12大学英语4级阅读真题

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题PARTREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSKIMMINGANDSCANNING（15MINUTES）DIRECTIONSINTHISPART,YOUWILLHAVE15MINUTESTOGOOVERTHEPASSAGEQUICKLYANDANSWERTHEQUESTIONSONANSWERSHEET1FORQUESTIONS17,CHOOSETHEBESTANSWERFROMTHEFOURCHOICESMARKEDA,B,CANDDFORQUESTIONS810,COMPLETETHESENTENCESWITHTHEINFORMATIONGIVENINTHEPASSAGECOLLEGESTAKINGANOTHERLOOKATVALUEOFMERITBASEDAIDGOODGRADESANDHIGHTESTSCORESSTILLMATTERALOTTOMANYCOLLEGESASTHEYAWARDFINANCIALAIDBUTWITHLOWINCOMESTUDENTSPROJECTEDTOMAKEUPANEVERLARGERSHAREOFTHECOLLEGEBOUNDPOPULATIONINCOMINGYEARS,SOMESCHOOLSAREREEXAMININGWHETHERTHATAID,TYPICALLYKNOWNAS“MERITAID”,ISTHEMOSTEFFECTIVEUSEOFPRECIOUSINSTITUTIONALDOLLARSGEORGEWASHINGTONUNIVERSITYINWASHINGTON,DC,FOREXAMPLE,SAIDLASTWEEKTHATITWOULDCUTTHEVALUEOFITSAVERAGEMERITSCHOLARSHIPSBYABOUTONETHIRDANDREDUCETHENUMBEROFRECIPIENTS接受者,POURINGTHESAVINGS,ABOUT25MILLION,INTONEEDBASEDAIDALLEGHENYCOLLEGEINMEADVILLE,PA,MADEASIMILARDECISIONTHREEYEARSAGONOW,HAMILTONCOLLEGEINCLINTON,NY,SAYSITWILLPHASEOUTMERITSCHOLARSHIPSALTOGETHERNOCURRENTMERITAIDRECIPIENTSWILLLOSETHEIRSCHOLARSHIPS,BUTNEEDBASEDAIDALONEWILLBEAWARDEDBEGINNINGWITHSTUDENTSENTERINGINFALL2008NOTALLCOLLEGESOFFERMERITAIDGENERALLY,THEMORESELECTIVEASCHOOL,THELESSLIKELYITISTODOSOHARVARDANDPRINCETON,FOREXAMPLE,OFFERGENEROUSNEEDBASEDPACKAGES,BUTMANYFAMILIESWHODON'TMEETNEEDELIGIBILITY资格HAVEBEENWILLINGTOPAYWHATEVERTHEYMUSTFORABIGNAMESCHOOLFORSMALLREGIONALCOLLEGESTHATSTRUGGLEJUSTTOFILLSEATS,MERITAIDCANBEANIMPORTANTREVENUEBUILDERBECAUSEMANYRECIPIENTSSTILLPAYENOUGHTUITIONDOLLARSOVERANDABOVETHESCHOLARSHIPAMOUNTTOKEEPTHEINSTITUTIONRUNNINGBUTFORRANKINGSCONSCIOUSSCHOOLSINBETWEEN,MERITAIDHASSERVEDPRIMARILYASATOOLTORECRUITTOPSTUDENTSANDTOIMPROVETHEIRACADEMICPROFILES“THEY'RETRYINGTOBUYSTUDENTS,”SAYSSKIDMORECOLLEGEECONOMISTSANDYBAUMSTUDIESSHOWMERITAIDALSOTENDSTOBENEFITDISPROPORTIONATELYSTUDENTSWHOCOULDAFFORDTOENROLLWITHOUTIT“ASWELOOKTOTHEFUTURE,WESEEAMOREPRESSINGNEEDTOINVESTINNEEDBASEDAID,”SAYSMONICAINZER,DEANOFADMISSIONANDFINANCIALAIDATHAMILTON,WHICHHASOFFEREDMERITSCHOLARSHIPSFOR10YEARSDURINGTHATTIME,ITROSEINUSNEWSNOTREALIZINGITWASCULTURAL,”TIFFANYSAYS“IMISSEDOUT,BUTWILLNOTMISSTHATOPPORTUNITYAGAIN”MANYOFUSHAVEHADSIMILARENCOUNTERSWITHBEHAVIORSWEPERCEIVEASDIFFERENTASTHEWORLDBECOMESSMALLERANDOURWORKPLACESMOREDIVERSE,ITISBECOMINGESSENTIALTOEXPANDOURUNDERSTANDINGOFOTHERSANDTOREEXAMINESOMEOFOURFALSEASSUMPTIONSHIREADVANTAGEATATIMEWHENHIRINGQUALIFIEDPEOPLEISBECOMINGMOREDIFFICULT,EMPLOYERSWHOCANELIMINATEINVALIDBIASES偏见FROMTHEPROCESSHAVEADISTINCTADVANTAGEMYCOMPANY,MINDSETSLLC,HELPSORGANIZATIONSANDINDIVIDUALSSEETHEIROWNBLINDSPOTSAREALESTATERECRUITERWEWORKEDWITHILLUSTRATESTHEPOSITIVEDIFFERENCESUCHTRAININGCANMAKE“DURINGMYMINDSETSCOACHINGSESSION,IWASTAUGHTHOWTORECRUITADIVERSIFIEDWORKFORCEIRECRUITEDPEOPLEFROMDIFFERENTCULTURESANDSKILLSETSTHEAGENTSWEREABLETOUTILIZETHEIRFULLPOTENTIALANDEXPERIENCESTOBUILDUPTHECOMPANYWHENTHEREALESTATEMARKETBEGANTOCHANGE,ITWASBECAUSEWEHADADIVERSEAGENTPOOLTHATWEWEREABLETOSTAYINTHEREALESTATEMARKETMUCHLONGERTHANOTHERSINTHESAMEPROFESSION”BLINDEDBYGENDERDALEISANACCOUNTEXECUTIVEWHOATTENDEDONEOFMYWORKSHOPSONSUPERVISINGADIVERSEWORKFORCE“THROUGHONEOFTHESESSIONS,IDISCOVEREDMYPERSONALBIAS,”HERECALLS“ILEARNEDIHADNOTBEENLOOKINGATAPERSONASAWHOLEPERSON,ANDBEINGOPENTODIFFERENCES”INHISCASE,THEBLINDNESSWASNOTABOUTCULTUREBUTRATHERGENDER“IHADAMANAGEMENTPOSITIONOPENINMYDEPARTMENTANDTHETWOFINALISTSWEREAMANANDAWOMANHADINOTATTENDEDTHISWORKSHOP,IWOULDHAVEAUTOMATICALLYASSUMEDTHEMANWASTHEBESTCANDIDATEBECAUSETHEPOSITIONREQUIREDQUITEABITOFEXTENSIVETRAVELMYREASONINGWOULDHAVEBEENTHATEVENTHOUGHBOTHCANDIDATESWEREGREATANDCOULDHAVEBEENSUCCESSFULINTHEPOSITION,IASSUMEDTHEWOMANWOULDHAVEWANTEDTOBEHOMEWITHHERCHILDRENANDNOTTRAVEL”DALE'SASSUMPTIONSAREANOTHEREXAMPLEOFTHEWELLINTENTIONEDBUTINCORRECTTHINKINGTHATLIMITSANORGANIZATION'SABILITYTOTAPINTOTHEFULLPOTENTIALOFADIVERSEWORKFORCE“ILEARNEDFROMTHECLASSTHATINSTEADOFIMPOSINGMYGENDERBIASESINTOTHESITUATION,INEEDEDTOPRESENTTHEFULLRANGEOFDUTIES,RESPONSIBILITIESANDEXPECTATIONSTOALLCANDIDATESANDALLOWTHEMTOMAKEANINFORMEDDECISION”DALECREDITSTHEWORKSHOP,“BECAUSEITHELPEDMEMAKEDECISIONSBASEDONFAIRNESS”YEAROFTHEKNOWITALLDOUGISANOTHERSUPERVISORWHOATTENDEDONEOFMYWORKSHOPSHERECALLSAMAJORLESSONLEARNEDFROMHISOWNEMPLOYEE“ONEOFMYMOSTEMBARRASSINGMOMENTSWASWHENIHADACHINESEAMERICANEMPLOYEEPUTINAREQUESTTOTAKETIMEOFFTOCELEBRATECHINESENEWYEARINMYIGNORANCE,IASSUMEDHEHADHISDATESWRONG,ASTHEFIRSTOFJANUARYHADJUSTPASSEDWHENIADVISEDHIMOFTHIS,IGAVEHIMALONGTALKINGTOABOUTTURNINGINREQUESTSEARLYWITHTHEPROPERDATES“HEPATIENTLYWAITED,THENWHENIWASDONE,HESAIDHEWOULDLIKECHINESENEWYEAROFF,NOTTHEWESTERNNEWYEARHEEXPLAINEDPOLITELYTHATINHISCULTURETHENEWYEARDIDNOTBEGINJANUARYFIRST,ANDTHATCHINESENEWYEAR,WHICHISTIEDTOTHELUNARCYCLE,ISONEOFTHEMOSTCELEBRATEDHOLIDAYSONTHECHINESECALENDARNEEDLESSTOSAY,IFELTVERYEMBARRASSEDINASSUMINGHEHADHISDATESMIXEDUPBUTILEARNEDAGREATDEALABOUTASSUMPTIONS,ANDTHATTHETIMINGOFHOLIDAYSVARIESCONSIDERABLYFROMCULTURETOCULTURE“ATTENDINGTHEDIVERSITYWORKSHOPHELPEDMEREALIZEHOWMUCHICOULDLEARNBYSIMPLYASKINGQUESTIONSANDC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