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离合器 自动变速器 齿轮 变速器 设计 离合 全套 cad 图纸

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1附录附录A外文文献原文INTRODUCEDUALCLUTCHAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONTHECLUTCHISLOCATEDINENGINEANDTRANSMISSIONBETWEENENGINEANDTRANSMISSIONPOWERTRANSFER“SWITCH“,ITISAKINDALREADYCANTRANSMITPOWER,ANDCANCUTOFFPOWERTRANSMISSIONMECHANISMITSMAJORFUNCTIONSISTOGUARANTEETHECARCANSMOOTHSTART,VARIABLESPEEDCHANGEBLOCKTRANSMISSIONGEARSWHENREDUCETHEIMPACTLOADANDPREVENTTRANSMISSIONOVERLOADINGENERALBUS,AUTOSHIFTBYCLUTCHSEPARATIONANDJOINTSWHEN,INSEPARATIONANDREALIZEBETWEENMATINGHAVEPOWERTRANSFERTEMPORARYINTERRUPTIONPHENOMENONINTHEORDINARYBUSNOEFFECT,BUTTHECLOCKINYOURCAR,IFTHECLUTCHMASTERBADPOWERBEHINDTHESPEEDWILLSLOW,AFFECTSCORESINORDERTOSOLVETHISPROBLEM,THEEARLY1980S,THEAUTOMOTIVEENGINEERINGWILLMAKEADOUBLECLUTCHSYSTEMTRANSMISSION,ABBREVIATIONVEHICLESTHEENGLISHNAMEDIRECTSHIFTGEARBOX,ASSEMBLYONTHECAR,CANELIMINATESHIFTINGCLUTCHOFPOWERTRANSFERSTAGNATIONPHENOMENONFOREXAMPLEBUJIADIEBL64VEYRONNEW7SPEEDTRANSMISSIONISTHEDEVICEFORDOUBLECLUTCH,FROMAGEARCHANGETOANOTHERGEAR,TIMECANTEXCEED02SECONDSNOW,THEDOUBLECLUTCHHASBEENAPPLIEDTOGENERALFROMRACINGCARSAUDICARCOMPANYSNEWAUDITTSPORTSCARANDTHENEWAUDIA3HAVEDEVICETHEVEHICLESTHETHESECARASSEMBLYVEHICLESTHEPURPOSEISCANMORESMOOTHLYTHANAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONGEARSHIFT,WONTHAVEHYSTERESISPHENOMENONDOUBLEONOFFGEARBOXDCTALSOCALLEDDIRECTLYSHIFTGEARBOXVEHICLESTHECOUNTDOWNITALSOHASTHENEARLY70YEARSOFHISTORY,BUTFORAVERYLONGTIMEANDTHISGEARBOXAREUNKNOWN,ANDTHEGENUINEUSEDINMASSPRODUCTIONCARISNOTLONGAGOTHINGSDOUBLEONOFFGEARBOXADVANTAGESOBVIOUSLY,BUTITSINTERNALSTRUCTUREBYCOMPARISONISVERYCOMPLICATEDFIRSTOFALLITHASTWOCLUTCHESRESPECTIVELYBYELECTRONICCONTROLANDPUSHBYHYDRAULICSYSTEM,ANDTWOCLUTCHESCORRESPONDINGTWOGROUPSOFPLANETARYGEARTRANSMISSION,SOALSOCORRESPONDINGCOMPLEXISDIVIDEDINTOTWOPARTS,THECENTEROFSOLIDSHAFTISRESPONSIBLEFORA2SETOFGEAR,ANDHOLLOWSHAFTRESPONSIBLEFORANOTHERGROUPVISIBLEDOUBLEREROTATINGTHEINTERNALSTRUCTUREOFTHEALMOSTOVERTURNEDTHOROUGHLYTRADITIONALGEARBOXFORMTHEWORKINGPRINCIPLEOFDOUBLEONOFFGEARBOXCANBESIMPLEUNDERSTANDINGFORACLUTCHCORRESPONDINGODDBLOCK,ANOTHERCLUTCHCORRESPONDINGEVENBLOCKWHENTHEVEHICLEHANGSINABLOCK,ANOTHERCLUTCHANDCORRESPONDINGNEXTSHIFTHASBEENLOCATEDINPREPARATIONCONDITION,WHENFORMERGEARSSEPARATIONISIMMEDIATELYJOINTINGNEXTSHIFTGEARBOX,ACCORDINGLYDOUBLEONOFFSHIFTSPEEDTHANTHEAVERAGEGEARBOXEVENMANUALGEARBOXFASTERBESIDESDOUBLEONOFFGEARBOXALTHOUGHINTERNALCOMPLEX,BUTTHEACTUALVOLUMEANDWEIGHTCOMPAREDWITHAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONCHARACTERANDNOTHOWMUCHMORETHANMANUALGEARBOX,THEREFOREEQUIPMENTDOUBLEONOFFGEARBOXMODELSNOTSMOOTHTOOBURDENSOMEFORHIMSELFATPRESENTDOMESTICINTHESALEEQUIPMENTDOUBLEONOFFGEARBOXMODELSNUMBERED,REPRESENTATIVEISPUBLICITSWALLACEGTI,EOSLEAPS,ANDSTILLCOOLANDEQUIPPEDWITHDOUBLEONOFFGEARBOXSOARTEAMANDLOUNGYEEWILLALSOLISTEDINTHENEARFUTUREINADDITIONS40ALSOHAVEDOUBLEVOLVOREROTATINGVERSIONANDMANYOFTHECARSAREPORSCHEADOPTEDDUALONOFFGEARBOXAUDITHEDOUBLECLUTCHSYSTEMTRANSMISSIONISAWHOLE,THEREHAVEBEENSIXGEAR,CLUTCHANDTRANSMISSIONASSEMBLYATTHESAMEFACILITY,TWOCLUTCHCOOPERATEEACHOTHERWORKTHISGOODMETAPHORACARHADTWOSETSOFCLUTCH,AREDRIVERCONTROLASET,VICEDRIVERCONTROLANOTHERSETARETHEDRIVERHANG1FILELOOSENCLUTCHPEDALSTARTED,THEDEPUTYDRIVERSADVANCEHANGPOT2BUTTRAMPLECLUTCHPEDAL,WHENTHESPEEDUPREADYTOSHIFTANDAREDRIVERTRAMPLECLUTCHPEDALWHILEVICEDRIVERNAMELYLOOSENCLUTCHPEDAL,SECONDGEARBEGANTOWORKTHUSOMITTEDROTARYSWITCHINGEMPTYFLASH,CONTINUOUSPOWERTRANSFER,ANDABITLIKETHERELAYRACEDOUBLECLUTCHSYSTEMTWOSETSOFCLUTCHTRANSMISSIONSYSTEM,THROUGHCOMPUTERCONTROLCOORDINATIONWORKWHENTHEAUTOMOBILEDRIVINGINANORMAL,ACLUTCHANDTRANSMISSIONOFAGEARARELINKEDTOGETHER,THEENGINEPOWERTRANSFERTOTHEDRIVEWHEELS,COMPUTERBASEDONTHESPEEDANDSPEEDFORDRIVERSHIFTINGINTENTIONJUDGEMENT,FORESIGHTTOCONTROLANOTHERCLUTCHWITHANOTHERGEARGEARSCONNECTED,BUTONLYISINTHEREADYSTATE,HASNOTYETCONNECTEDWITH3ENGINEPOWERSHIFTWHENFIRSTCLUTCHDISCONNECT,ATTHESAMETIMETHEFIRST2CLUTCHWILLHAVECONNECTEDGEARSANDENGINEJOINTBESIDES,ACLUTCHEXCEPTGAPISCLOSED,ANOTHERCLUTCHISINTHEOPENTWOROOTTRANSMISSIONSHAFTRESPECTIVELYBYFIRSTANDSECONDCLUTCHTOCONTROLANDENGINEPOWERCONNECTIONANDDISCONNECTED,ARERESPECTIVELYRESPONSIBLEFOR1,3,5FILESAND2,4AND6SHIFTINGGEARTRANSFORMCONSIDERINGTHEPARTSSERVICELIFE,THEDESIGNERCHOSETANKERDIAPHRAGMTYPECLUTCH,CLUTCHACTIONBYTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMTOCONTROLVEHICLESTHETRANSMISSIONISMAINLYTOCONSUMERDEMANDFORDRIVINGSENSATIONANDVEHICLEFUELEFFICIENTDOUBLEREQUEST,FORMANUALTRANSMISSIONDRIVERSLIKEPROVIDESTHEBESTCHOICEEQUIPPEDWITHVEHICLESTHEENGINEBECAUSEOFFASTGEARCONVERSIONCANARISEIMMEDIATELYTRACTIONANDGREATERFLEXIBILITY,ACCELERATIONTIMETHANMANUALTRANSMISSIONMOREQUICKADVANTAGESPOWERTRANSMISSIONCOHERENTWITHHIGHEREFFICIENCYANDEDITORTHISSECTION,FAULTSCOMPLEXSTRUCTUREPRESENTANDMANUFACTURINGCOSTISHIGHER4附录B外文文献中文翻译双离合式自动变速器介绍离合器位于发动机与变速器之间，是发动机与变速器动力传递的“开关”，它是一种既能传递动力，又能切断动力的传动机构。它的作用主要是保证汽车能平稳起步，变速换挡时减轻变速齿轮的冲击载荷并防止传动系过载。在一般汽车上，汽车换档时通过离合器分离与接合实现，在分离与接合之间就有动力传递暂时中断的现象。这在普通汽车上没有什么影响，但在争分夺秒的赛车上，如果离合器掌握不好动力跟不上，车速就会变慢，影响成绩。为了解决这个问题，早在上世纪80年代，汽车工程界就弄出了一个双离合系统变速器，简称DSG（英文全称DIRECTSHIFTGEARBOX），装配在赛车上，能消除换档离合时的动力传递停滞现象。例如布加迪EBL64VEYRON的新型7速变速器是装置了双离合器，从一个档位换到另一个档位，时间不会超过02秒。现在，这种双离合器已经从赛车应用到一般跑车上。奥迪汽车公司的新型奥迪TT跑车和新奥迪A3都已经装置了这种DSG。这些汽车装配DSG的目的是可以比自动变速器更加平顺地换档，不会有迟滞现象。双离合变速箱（DCT）也称直接换挡变速箱（DSG）。算下来它也有近70年的历史，但很长一段时间内这种变速箱并不为人所知，而真正应用在量产车上也是不久以前的事情。双离合变速箱优势很明显，但其内部结构相比下非常复杂。首先它有两组离合器分别由电子控制并由液压系统推动，而两组离合器分别对应两组行星齿轮，这样传动轴也相应复杂的被分为两部分，中心的实心传动轴负责一组齿轮，而空心传动轴负责另一组。可见双离合的内部构造几乎彻底颠覆了传统的变速箱形式。双离合变速箱的工作原理可以简单理解为一个离合器对应奇数挡，另一离合器对应偶数挡。当车辆挂入一个挡位时，另一个离合器及对应的下一个挡位已经位于预备状态，只要当双离合变速箱DCT前挡位分离就可以立刻接合下一个挡位，因此双离合变速箱的换挡速度要比一般的自动变速箱甚至手动变速箱还快。此外双离合变速箱虽然内部复杂，但实际体积和重量相比自动变速箱而言并没有比手动变速箱增加多少，因此装备双离合变速箱的车型不会为自己平添过多的负担。目前国内在售的装备双离合变速箱的车型屈指可数，具代表性的是大众旗下的迈腾、GTI、EOS以及尚酷，而装备双离合变速箱的速腾及朗逸也会在不久的将来上市。5此外沃尔沃S40也有双离合版本。而保时捷的众多车型也都采用了双离合变速箱