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加热器底座塑料模具设计【16张CAD图纸和说明书】

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关键词：: 加热器底座塑料模具设计 16 cad 图纸以及说明书仿单

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摘要

模具是工业生产中使用极为广泛的主要工艺装备，它是当代工业生产的重要手段和工艺发展方向，许多现代工业的发展和技术水平的提高，在很大程度上取决于模具工业的发展水平。本论文主要介绍了加热器底座塑料注塑模具的设计。

设计中首先通过分析塑件的形状及工艺特性，选择了合适的模具设计方案；其次是对注塑机的选择，包括注射机的初选和注射机有关参数的校核，并确定了注射机；再次完成模具的结构设计，包括分型面的选择和确定、型腔数目的确定及型腔的排列、浇注系统的设计、成型零件结构设计、抽芯机构设计、推出机构的选择、冷却系统的设计、标准模架的选择。最后对成型零件尺寸进行计算，确定工艺参数。

采用此模具能够保证塑件尺寸外形以及表面要求，而且成本低、结构简单、开模容易、效率高，具有较强的实用性。

关键词：塑料注塑模具；注塑机；结构设计

Plastic Injection Mold Design Heater Base Plastic Mold Design

Abstract

Mold is widely used in industrial production the main technological equipment, It is an important means of modern industrial production and process development direction ,Many modern industrial development and the improvement of the technical levels ,Largely depends on the development of die and mould industry level. This paper mainly introduced the plastic injection mold insurance seat of design.

First through analysis in the design of plastic parts, process characteristics and shape ,choose the proper mould design,Second is the choice of injection, mcluding injection machine of primaries and injection machine related parameter respectively ,To determine the injection machine；Complete the die structure design again ,Enclose the choice and determination parting ,Cavity number of determining and cavity arrangement ,The design of gating system ,Molding parts structure design ,Core-pulling mechanism design, selection of launch institutions, cooling system design, standard formwork choice ,Finally calculated for molding parts size, determine the process parameters.

Using this mold can guarantee plastics dimension appearance and surface requirements , And low cost, simple structure and easy to open mold, high efficiency, with strong practicability.

Keywords: Plastic injection mold; injection machine; Structure design

主要符号表

K 安全系数 E 材料弹性模量

Smax 塑料的最大收缩率 P1 脱模阻力

Smin 塑料的最小收缩率 C 型芯成型部分断面的平均

P0 单位面积的包紧力 h 型芯被塑料包紧部分的长度

Δs 塑件公差 P0 单位面积的包紧力

D腔型腔內形尺寸 Φ 安全系数

Qcp 塑料平均收缩率 S顶顶出行程

ds 塑件外径基本尺寸 1 富裕量

Ds 塑件內形基本尺寸 2 顶出行程富裕量

h腔凸模/型芯高度尺寸 α 倾斜角

Hs 塑件內形深度基本尺寸 Q 抽拔阻力

P1 动模受的总压力 P 斜导柱所受的弯曲力

F 塑件的投影面积 ε 塑件收缩率

P 型腔压力 f 摩擦系数

K 修正系数 μ 塑料泊桑比

B 动模垫板的宽度 L 支撑块的跨距

1 绪论 1

1.1塑料成型与注塑模具 1

1.2国内外相关发展状况 1

1.2.1国内发展状况 1

1.2.2国外发展状况 2

1.2.3中国与国外先进技术的差距 2

1.3塑料模具发展走势 2

2 塑件材料分析与方案论证 3

2.1塑件的工艺分析 3

2.1.1塑件的材料 3

2.1.2聚苯乙烯的基本特性 3

2.1.3聚苯乙烯的成型特点 3

2.1.4聚苯乙烯的主要用途 3

2.1.5聚苯乙烯的注射成型工艺参数 4

2.2塑件的成型工艺 4

2.2.1注射成型的原理 4

2.2.2注射成型的工艺过程 4

2.2.3注射成型工艺参数 6

2.3注塑模的机构组成 6

2.4方案论证 6

3 注射成型机的选择 8

3.1估算塑件体积 8

3.2估算塑件质量 8

3.3注塑机的注射容量 8

3.4锁模 8

3.5选择注塑机及注塑机的主要参数 9

3.5.1注射机的选择 9

3.6注塑机的校核 9

3.6.1最大注射量校核 9

3.6.2 锁模力校核 9

3.6.3 模具厚度校核 10

3.6.4开模行程校核 10

4 浇注系统设计 11

4.1浇注系统的功能 11

4.1.1浇注系统的组成 11

4.1.2浇注系统设计原则 11

4.1.3浇注系统布置 12

4.2流道系统设计 13

4.2.1主流道设计 13

4.2.2冷料井设计 14

4.2.3分流道设计 14

4.2.4浇口设计 15

5 成型零件工作尺寸的计算 17

5.1影响塑件尺寸精度的因素 17

5.2模具成型零件的工作尺寸计算 17

5.2.1成形收缩率 17

5.2.2模具成形零件的制造误差 18

5.2.3零件的磨损 18

5.2.4模具的配合间隙的误差 18

5.3型腔和型芯尺寸计算 18

5.3.1型腔径向尺寸计算 18

5.3.2型腔的深度尺寸 18

5.3.3型芯的径向尺寸 18

5.3.4型芯的高度尺寸 19

5.3.5中心距尺寸计算 19

5.4动模板的强度校核 19

6 导向机构的设计 22

6.1导向机构的作用 22

6.2导柱导向机构 22

6.2.1导向机构的总体设计 22

6.2.2导柱的设计 22

6.2.3导套的设计 23

6.3推板导套导柱的结构设计 23

7 脱模机构的设计 25

7.1基本考虑和要求 25

7.2推出机构的确定 25

7.3推件板脱模机构设计的特点和基本原则 25

7.4顶杆横截面直径校核 26

7.4.1脱模力的计算 26

7.4.2推杆直径的校核 26

8 侧向分型与抽芯机构的设计 28

8.1基本考虑和要求 28

8.1.1侧向分型与抽芯机构应具备的基本功能 28

8.2抽芯机构的概述 28

8.3斜导柱抽芯机构设计原则与确定 28

8.4斜导柱抽芯机构的有关参数计算 29

8.4.1抽芯距 29

8.4.2斜导柱倾斜角的确定 29

8.4.3斜导柱直径的确定 30

8.4.4斜导柱长度的计算 31

8.5滑块的设计 32

8.6导滑槽的设计 32

8.7滑块定位装置 32

8.7.1滑块的作用和结构形式 32

8.8锁紧块 32

8.8.1锁紧块的作用 32

8.8.2锁紧块的设计要点 33

8.8.3锁紧块的结构形式 33

9 模具的材料 34

9.1塑料模具用钢的必要条件 34

9.2选择钢材的条件 34

9.3本模具材料的选择 34

9.4模具的淬火硬度 35

9.5模具的表面粗糙度 35

9.6热处理的选择 35

10 模具的可行性分析 36

10.1其它结构零部件设计 36

10.2本模具的特点 36

10.3市场前景与经济效益分析 36

11 结论 37

参考文献 38

致谢 39

毕业设计（论文）知识产权声明 40

毕业设计（论文）独创性声明 41

1 绪论

1.1塑料成型与注塑模具

塑料工业是由塑料原料和塑料制品生产两大系统组成，二者相辅相成，缺一不可，而塑料制品生产是实现塑料原料自身价值的唯一手段。塑料制品生产主要由成型、机械加工、表面装饰、装配等环节组成，其重要一环就是塑料成型。

塑料成型就是将各种形态的塑料原料（粉料、粒料、溶液或分散体）制成所需形状的制品或胚件的过程。塑料成型的方法很多，如注塑、吹塑、挤出等等。而注塑成型以其能成型高尺寸精度、高复杂性的制品和高效率占有重要一席。

塑料注塑成型过程是，塑料原料从注塑机的料斗进入加热筒，经塑化后由柱塞或螺杆的推动，在一定压力下通过喷嘴进入模具型腔，经冷却固化后而开模获得制品（塑件）。除少数几种塑件外，几乎所有的塑件都可以注塑成型。

塑模设计的传统方法，是依靠设计人员的经验﹑技巧和现有的设计数据，从对塑件的工艺计算到塑模的设计制图，全靠手工劳动。对塑模的制造就更需要专业人员付出大量的繁杂劳动。所以塑件的质量和数量都远不能满足生产发展的需要。随着计算器技朮的广泛应用，塑模设计和制造采用了CAD/CAM系统，从而大大提高了模具设计制造的效率。

塑模CAD/CAM的应用可以提高塑模的设计﹑制造质量和速度。采用了NC自动编程系统。采用NC机床可以提高制造精度，节省能耗和扩大制造功能。

塑料模具材料直接影响塑模的使用寿命﹑加工成本及产品的成型质量，因此设计时要正确地选择模具材料。

1.2国内外相关发展状况

1.2.1国内发展状况

模具工业是国民经济发展的重要基础工业，也是一个国家加工工业发展的重要标志。近年来，我国模具工业的技术水平取得了长足的发展。

现在，我国模具生产厂点约有3万多家，从业人数80多万人。“十五”期间，模具年平均增长速度达到20％左右，2005年模具销售额达650亿元，同比增长25％；在模具工业的总产值中，冲压模具约占50％，塑料模具约占33％，压铸模具约占6％，其它各类模具约占11％。但是，由于创新能力弱，行业关键技术难以突破，使得我国模具行业长期以来面临着“低端竞争、高端进口”的尴尬局面。

为了适应市场对模具制造的短交货期、高精度、低成本的迫切要求，模具越

来越向着大型化、高精度化、多功能复合模具化等方向发展。热流道模具、气辅模具等先进的模具加工技术也将在塑料模具中得到更广泛的应用。标准件的广泛应用，将极大的影响模具制造周期，提高模具的质量，并降低模具的制造成本。

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内容简介：: 1外文翻译Treating and the modern mould make high speedOne, summarizes1 the present situation that the mould makes at present and trendThe mould is important handicraft equipment , occupies decisive position in industrid departments such as consumer goods , electrical equipment electron , automobile , aircraft fabrication. The mould is important handicraft equipment , occupies decisive position in industrid departments such as consumer goods , electrical equipment electron , automobile , aircraft fabrication. Industrial product part rough process 75%, the finish machining 50% and plastic part 90% will be completed from the mould. The Chinese mould market demand already reaches scale of 500 hundred million yuan at present. The automobile mould , the annual growth rate covering piece of mould especially will exceed 20 %; Also prompt building material mould development , various heterotype material the mould , wall surface and floor mould become new mould growth point , plastic doors and windows and plastic drain-pipe increase to exceeding 30 by in the upcoming several years %; The home appliance mould annual growth rate will exceed 10 %; The IT industry year increases % speed equally exceeding 20 , the need to the mould accounts for 20 of mould marketplace %.2004 annual Chinese machine tools implements industry output valuewill continue to increase. Our country mould fabrication market potential is enormous. The basis data counts , in recent years, our country mould year gross output value reaches 3 billion U. S. dollar , entrance exceeds 1 billion U. S. dollar, exceed 100 million U. S. dollar outlet. Increase by from 25% to increase to 2005 50% of 1995. The expert foretells that abroad: Asia portion being occupied by in mould fabrication in the whole world, will from 25% to increase to 2005 50% of 1995.Chinese mould industry has been expanding by leaps and bounds , has formed east China and two big South China bases, and has expanded gradually arriving at other province. In 2002 (Shandong , Anhui , Sichuan) in 1996 , mould manufacturing industry output value annual average growth 14% , grows by 25% in 2003. In 2003 our country mould output value is 45 billion RMB. The gross product place occupies the world the 3rd, exports a mould increases 33.5% compared to last year 336,800,000 U. S. dollar. But, contents low our country technology moulds already pile up in excess of requirement , very most support of accurate , complicated top grade mould imports. Every year the entrance mould exceeds 1 billion U. S. dollar. Exceed 100 million U. S. dollar outlet.Precise mould accuracy requires that 3 mu ms , large-scale moulds require that 8000 satisfied kN agree well with model force injection machine request in 2 ; The minitype mould needs the request satisfying the diameter 1 mm silent stock tube. At present, adopt quick-cutting to produce a mould already becoming the general trend that the mould makes, a few moulds have produced a manufacturer in abroad , high-speed machine tool large area has substituted the electric spark machine tool , quick-cutting has improved the mould efficacy greatly. Machine tool enterprise aims at mould manufacturing enterprises , some treating centres 60% all above of the machine tool producing a factory sells treating enterprise to a mould. The mould fabrication enterprise substituting the electric spark finish machining mould gradually in abroad has adopt quick-cutting already commonly , quick-cutting has produced a mould already becoming the general trend that the mould makes gradually , has improved the mould efficacy and mass greatly. Adopt quick-cutting to replace electric spark producing a mould , can get on the stick obviously , improves mould accuracy , life time growing.2 high speed processes application in making in the mould2.1 quick-cutting merit:1) cutter high rotation rate and the machine tool height enter be given to and high acceleration , improve metal excision rate greatly;22) quick-cutting diminutions cut a force;3) quick-cutting heat major part generate heat from the cuttings entrainment , workpiece being short;4) quick-cutting cut down vibration , improve treating mass;2.2 high speed treating apply to the beneficial result that the mould processes1) fleetness rough process and half finish machining, improve treating efficiency;2) high speed high-accuracy finish machining replace only entire the height processing , indicating mass , form accuracy rise , 50%, cuts down repair a mill by hand than EDM processes a potentiation;3) cuts the surface processing final molding stiffly , improve surface mass , form accuracy, the treating (not only being that surface harshness is low, and the surface radiance is high) , being used for complicated surface has more advantage;4) the surface loss that EDM treating produces , improve mould life-span 20%;5) processes an electrode rapidly combining with the CAD/CAM technology , especially, the form is complicated , thin-wall is similar to an electrode.3 adopt quick-cutting to process a mould needing the problem solvingIn in the homeland, since the aspect cause such as fund , technology , the quick-cutting applying produce a mould be in the initial stage stage. Return the machine tool , cutter , handicraft back to existence as well as some problem of aspect needs to proceed orderly other solve.The shortcoming is that finished cost is high, correct cutter sigmatism have comparatively high demand, can not have used big cutters , need to have the complicated computer programming technology to be used for support , equipment running cost height.Two, the high speed processing a moulds processes a machine toolMould finish machining and hard cutting treating require that the numerical control high-speed machine tool , form board , model put up the precision processing need , high-effect numerical control machine tool etc.The mould aiming at produces a lot of machine tool enterprise , some treating centres 60% all above of the machine tool producing a factory sells enterprise to a mould.The fixed assets having 5 billion yuan without exception in the upcoming several years throws into mould industry , 80% is the machine tool buying a mould process equipment , just saying every year having 4 billion yuan of RMB to buy Jinqie among them.At present average our country numerical control machine tool utilization ratio approximately 20%, the high-speed machine tool utilization ratio 3 5%. Also, mould enterprise has the unit suitable to buy a high-speed machine tool , complies with 6000 40000 rmps to have.1 high-speed machine tool technology parameter demandsProcess centre chief axis high-power , high rotation rate , satisfied rude finish machining; The finish machining mould wants to need to reach 15000 20000 rmp like the cutter , the machine tool with minor diameter. Generally, the chief axis rotation rate machine tool under 10000 rpm can carry out rough process and half finish machining , cannot reach the finish machining accuracy;Have no way to reach 400 the above m/min cutting speed.2 five scrolls of machine tools application increases a trend1) treating route is nimble , the surface form is complicated;2) treating range is big , the various type mould suitable processes;3) cuts life-span of condition easy to cut down cutter wear , to raise a cutter,;3 the softwares buying CAD/CAM and high-speed machine tools assortOn the grounds of the machine tool , major part counting , having several billions U. S. dollar to be used to enter port every year, the electromachining machine tool and the high-speed machine tool need to import.Three, quick-cutting mould cutter technology3Quick-cutting processes the cutter needing allocating proper quick-cutting. Progressing processing cutter materials in high speed has urged development of high speed treating. The cutter , knife edge headquarter and high tenacity base gathering crystal strengthening the ceramics cutter being able to be used giving consideration to high hardness experience and observe carbide alloy coating becoming possibility. Gather the crystal cube nitriding boron (PCBN) bit, whose hardness may amount to 3500 4500 HV. Gather crystal miamond (PCD) its hardness but amount to 6000 10000 HV. Germany SCS , Japan Mitsubishi (magical steel) and Sumitomo ,Switzerland Shanteweike , USA Kenna are in recent years swiftly large wait for the famous abroad cutter company to successively have debuted the respective quick-cutting cutter, not only cutter having average structural steel of quick-cutting, the ceramics cutter still having direct quick-cutting of energy quenching hard steel is waiting for an effect to surpass the hard cutter, especially the coating cutter appears all of a sudden , bringing into play in quenching half finish machining and finish machining of hard steel. New cutter material and cutter technology appearing already make the bottleneck problem that high speed has processed no longer be able to appear on the cutter.But, expensive entrance cutter price also blocks quick-cutting mould key factor.Above to come to saying the cutter and the cutter holder acceleration reach 3 gs the sort, the cutter circular runout needs to be smaller than 0.015 mm, but the knife length is unable greater than 4 times cutters diameter. The reality according to SANDVIK company has counted , the carbide alloy has stood on in the entirety using carbon nitriding titanium (TICN) coating when milling cutters (58 HRC) carry out high speed bright metal chopping , rough process cutter linear speed has been 100 m/min about , whose linear speed has exceeded but 280 m/min when finish machining and microstoning. Such demands to cutter material (include the hardness , tenacity , red hardness keep the form (include row of crumbs function , surface accuracy , dynamic balance sex etc. (cutting the function) , the cutter under high temperature state) as well as cutter life-span all has very highly.Experience according to in the homeland mould high speed finish machining, linear speed has exceeded 400 800 m/min when adopt the young diameter ball head milling cutter to carry out mould finish machining. The machine tool choosing sufficient high-speeds cuts mould finish machining stiffly.Delcam adopt 0.8 mm diameter cutter to process the narrow slot , rotation rate 40000 rpm , 0.1 mm depth, feed speed 30 m/min.1 chooses the cutter parameter , the cutter waits if shouldering an anterior angle. The cutter requires that the ability processing request shock resistance tenacity more highly , requiring that heat resistance pounds than average is strong;2 adopts various method improving cutter life-span , reduces cutter cost.3 adopt the high speed hilt , HSK hilt , heat pressing applying the most being at present to pretend to grip a cutter. Pay attention to a cutter pretend to grip overall in the day afer tomorrow dynamic balance;4current cutter enterprise has already done many jobs in the field of the technology resolving the quick-cutting cutter , serving facing the cutter processing may help to solve much problem , the cutter has produced a manufacturer becoming the main body , the reference cutter has produced the technology parameter that the manufacturer provides.Four, improve quick-cutting mould efficiency technology1 cutter diameter and the length choice2 HSM and the EDM choice3 does cutting and the lubricating cooling4 feeds choice: Move forward generally giving amounts milling cutter diameters 10% , move forward giving a width milling cutter diameter 40%. According to material, condition chooses the parameter processing handicraft rationallyHigh speed bright metal cuts the mass processing part material abroad fairly good, material quality level is 4identical , the treating function comparison is stable; But, the cutter that the company produces abroad is also that the standard makes an experiment with their material; The treating being recommended by is suitable to their standard comparatively like the parameter , material quality has the certain difference with domestic part , this difference shows comparatively obviously , some parameters can apply directly, but some effect dispatches right away comparatively during the period of high speed bright metal chops if using their cutter. But select and use part material quality in the homeland like enterprise having the certain standard, what be put into use part material, can use the part material quality that high speed processes especially , the general meeting is limited in some part material range inner, that this applies the high speed processing technology to us has also provided advantageous condition , has been able to apply to less treating material within range. Being needing to emphasize that here, must choose the treating technological parameter optimizing out a set of capital suitable enterprise on these material , is brought into company standard and.The technology selecting and using the domestic cutter , seldom having the bright metal recommending high speed to chop parametric , is necessary making an experiment, get the comparatively satisfied parameter , produce a manufacturer had better to select and use the fixed cutter , cut down the number of times testing that , the standard forming a processing technology, such can improve effective utilization ratio of equipment , lowers production costs , can get the fairly good economic effect.Five, quick-cutting route processing a cutter and programming1) flat surface feeds the route choice2) 2) outlines process the route choice3) Keep cutting loading stable4) keeps relatively stable moving forward giving amounts and feed speed5) keeps the garden corner in flat surface cutting6) chooses the finish machining margin rationallyProgramming demand of HSC finish machining to CAM:1) the bright metal avoiding a corner to the full cuts motion;2) tries ones best to avoid external feed of workpiece and enter next depth return knife motion , direct from the outline. Or adopt a helical line or being sure enter slanting to moving forward;3) constant each edge feed , improve the quality, prolongs cutter life-span;4) outline treating are kept waiting in level surface.Quick-cutting CAM software:Several years ago will have started quick-cutting processing programming technology research, the Delcam company , has developed the quick-cutting automation programming software module; Lately, the MasterCAM company has also developed the quick-cutting automation programming software module; You also are in in the homeland north navigation developing the quick-cutting automation programming software module;Six, high-speed machine tool numerical control system characteristic1) high speed data is processed2) corner forecasts are handled3) NURBS are not justified appearance strip runin curve treatingSeven, safe quick-cutting mould problem1） Monitoring wearing a cutter away and destroying;2） Intensity that the bit links;3） Strict with the machine tool and the cutter examination is very important and before the average machine tool processing diversity , safety protects and starts up.Eight, there exists problem in our country at present in adopt high speed to process the mould technology1 machine tool:51) domestic high-speed machine tool overall function still has the gap , the function component function to be able to not satisfy a request. Power and rotation rate including the electricity chief axis, entrance machine tool price is high;2）Under the machine tool high speed, the dynamic behaviour studies the function being not enough to affect a complete machine as a result,;3）The five scroll of machine tool is not enough mature , entrance machine tool price is very high;4) supporting technology and equipment are fairly incomplete2 cutters:1) domestic cutter is not able to adapt to the quick-cutting application , high speed cuts only entire treating especially stiffly. Entrance cutter price is high. The cutter technology is to affect quick-cutting processing a key factor of mould.2) supporting technologies are not enough to include hilt , online dynamic balance in complete set etc.3 high speed moulds process the technology and the experiment1) Be short of the accumulation applying experience since high speed processes the mould history comparatively shortly,;2）The comparison studying comparison stops throwing into lack, sets up a project to quick-cutting handicraft is difficult;3) Be short of the quick-cutting data base or the handbook , is still blank space at present;4) moulds produce the manufacturer cognition lack to quick-cutting , the analysis contrast being short of long range beneficial result;4 Be short of the quick-cutting automation programming software;5 Be short of a five scroll of gear quick-cutting automation programming CAM software.Concluding remarkThe mould marketplace has the intense need, but technology to be unable to keep abreastwith to high speed treating. Starting is late , the basis is relatively poor , overall engineeringlevel not being taller than , develops slowlyRequire that one by one, aspect coordinatedgrowth , the product mimic inkstone throwing into combining with enlarging, eachcomprehensive utilization aspect strengths drive quick-cutting application in making in themould. Our hope , effort passing every aspect, before the market demand push go down ,pass technological progress, look like automobile , machine tool , home appliance , beforelong, not only our country being going to become a mould producing Great Power, and begoing to become a mould producing the powerful country.References1, Jin Diecheng , Song Fangzhi. The modern mould makes the technology , Beijing:Mechanical industry press, 2001.2, Xu Hefeng, The digitization mould makes the technology , Beijing: Chemical industrypress, 2001.3,Zhao Bo ,High speed processes the forward position technology that the mould processes.Mould tech

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