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外螺纹液压管四通管接头注塑模具设计【15张CAD图纸和说明书】

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螺纹 罗纹 液压 四通 管接头 注塑 模具设计 15 cad 图纸 以及 说明书 仿单
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摘  要


模具设计是工业生产中的重要工艺,是我国经济发展体系里的重要因素,好的模具能节省材料节省人力,节省时间,因此受到广泛的关注。注塑模是模具设计里的一种重要成型工艺,它主要用于热变形塑料的成形,也可以成形热固性塑料。它的生产效率极高,并且非常容易实现自动化,最重要的是生产出来的塑件质量都很好。注塑模形式多样,内容多样,结构复杂,对于它的发展也不会就此止步。

本次毕业设计的主要任务是对外螺纹液压管接头四通管模具的设计,也就是设计一副注塑模具来生产外螺纹液压管接头四通管的塑件产品,以实现自动化提高产量。主要内容包括绪论、塑件的结构及成型工艺分析、材料的选择及成型工艺、注射机的选择及校核、模具的工作及结构原理、浇注系统的设计、成型零部件的设计、侧向分型机构的设计、合模导向机构的设计、温度调节系统的设计、排气系统的设计、顶出机构的设计、支撑零部件的设计等。在设计过程种运用到了Proe3.0软件对塑件进行三维造型,通过使用AutoCAD来设计整套模具,并运用CAXA/CAD对其装配图与零件图等进行表述,设计过程中也借鉴到很多学者的著作,设计相对充实。

本文是探究四通管的注塑模具设计,详细描述了整套模具的设计过程。通过对整个模具设计的过程,进一步加深对注塑成型工艺的了解,同时也巩固了对成型工艺的类型、结构、工作原理等的理论知识,以及在实践中总结并掌握模具设计的关键要点和设计方法。



关键词: 外螺纹四通管;注塑模具;注射机;侧型芯滑块;


Abstract


This graduation design is the main task of the inclined tee mould design, namely a pair of injection mold is designed to produce the plastic parts of inclined tee products, in order to realize the automation to increase production. The main contents include design options and checking , mold and structural work principle , the introduction of gating system , structure and plastic parts molding process analysis , choice of materials and molding process , injection machine , designed molded parts , lateral sub- design mechanism design guide clamping mechanism , temperature control system design, the design of the exhaust system , the ejection mechanism designed to support the design of parts .

    This article is to explore the plastic injection mold design four line , a detailed description of the entire mold design process.Through the entire mold design process , and further deepen their understanding of the injection molding process , but also to consolidate the process of forming the type, structure and operating principles of the theory of knowledge, as well as summary and master mold design practice and design a key point methods.

 

Key words: oblique tee; Injection mould; Injection machine; Core side slide block; 


目    录


引言 1

2  塑件成型工艺的可行性分析 3

2.1  塑件分析 3

2.2 塑件的原材料分析 3

2.2.1主要技术指标 4

2.2.2 ABS的注射工艺参数 4

2.3 塑件的成型工艺分析 4

2.3.1精度等级 4

2.3.2脱模斜度 5

2.3.3塑件壁厚 5

3  注射成型机的选择与成型腔数的确定 5

3.1 注射成型机的选择 5

3.1.1估算零件体积和投影面积 5

3.1.2注射量的计算 6

3.1.3锁模力 6

3.1.4选择注射机及注射机的主要参数 6

3.2 注塑机的校核 6

3.2.1最大注塑量校核 6

3.2.2注射压力的校核 7

3.2.3锁模力校核 7

3.3 成型腔数的确定 7

4  浇注系统的设计 8

4.1 浇注系统的作用 8

4.2 浇注系统的组成 8

4.3 主流道设计 8

4.3.1 主流道设计要点 8

4.3.2浇口套的尺寸设计要求 9

4.4 浇口设计 10

4.6 主流道剪切速率校核 11

4.6.1估算主流道凝料体积 11

4.6.2主流道剪切速率校核 11

5  成型零件结构设计 12

5.1 分型面的设计 12

5.1.1分型面的分类 12

5.1.2分型面的选择原则 12

5.1.3分型面的确定 12

5.2 型腔的分布 13

5.3 凹模的结构设计 13

5.4 模具型零成件的工作尺寸计算 14

5.4.1塑件的收缩率波动误差s 14

5.4.3模具成型零件的磨损c 15

5.4.4模具安装配合误差j 15

5.5 型腔和型芯径向尺寸的计算 16

5.5.1型腔径向尺寸的计算 16

5.5.2型芯径向尺寸的计算 16

5.5.3型腔深度和型芯高度尺寸的计算 16

6  排气系统的设计 17

6.1 排气不良的危害 17

6.2排气系统的设计方法 17

7  导向与脱模机构的设计 18

7.1导向机构的作用和设计原则 18

7.1.1导向机构的作用 18

7.1.2导向机构的设计原则 18

7.2导柱、导套的设计 18

7.2.1导柱的设计 18

7.2.2导套的设计 19

7.2.3导向孔的总体布局 19

7.3 推出机构设计 19

7.4 脱模力的计算 20

7.5 推杆的设计 21

7.5.1推杆长度及强度计算 21

7.5.2推杆的形状及固定形式 22

7.2.3推杆位置的选择 23

8侧向分型与抽芯机构的设计 24

8.1 抽芯机构设计原则 24

8.2 抽芯机构的确定 24

8.3 抽芯距S 24

8.4 滑块的设计 24

8.5 导滑槽的设计 25

8.6 锁紧块 25

8.7 锁紧块的结构形式 26

9冷却系统设计 26

9.1 冷却系统的设计原则 26

9.2 温度调节对塑件质量的影响 27

9.3 对温度调节系统的要求 27

9.4 冷却装置的设计要点 27

9.5 冷却系统设计计算 27

9.5.1冷却水的体积流量 27

9.5.2冷却水管直径 28

9.5.3冷却水道的结构 28

10  其它结构零部件的设计 29

10.1 模具安装尺寸校核 29

10.2 开模行程的效核 29

11小结 30

参考文献 31

致  谢 32



引言

注塑成型是一项越来越成熟的加工技术,它目前是在塑性成型的各个领域加工中最常见也最常用的加工方法,其中注塑模具已经被广泛的采用,在很多方面的应用都得到相当高的重视[12]。我国模具研究单位因此也投入了很大的科研精力,目的在于使注塑模具的发展得到最大的提高。它的生产零件的质量、模具的结构、温度调控系统、制造精度、生产周期以及生产效率的高低,直接影响到产品的质量、产量和成本。当今社会,我们追求的正是质量与成本,统称为性价比,模具的应用正是性价比的最高体现,有的时候我们用一个模具可以同时制造出很多个质量精良,结构复杂的高精度塑件,这在以前来说几乎是不可能实现的[2]。注塑成型现已被广泛的应用于机械、计算机、高科技材料、电子、航空、航天、军工、学习用品、交通、汽车、建材、医疗器械、生物、能源和日用品等领域[1]。虽然在很多人看来一个小小的模具制造工艺能有多大的影响对于一个国家的发展,我觉得这种想法是错误的,因为从小方面来说这一门技术的成熟意味着对塑件成型的深入研究取得了长足进步,也就是说我们生产塑件就会更加便捷也会更加快速,这对于塑料工业来说是一个很大的贡献,因此不容小视;大方面来说正是这种对于先进技术的渴望推动我们整个民族在进步,我们知道我们在清政府以后闭关锁国导致在科技方面落后西方一大截,但我们中华民族从来没有服输过,一直都是在迎头赶上,只为了争这一口气,而注塑模的研究进步正是对我们的一种肯定,因此我们应当不遗余力的继续在这条路上走下去。我国近年来一直致力于模具的研究,现在也已经逐步跟上了欧美先进的步伐。在一些发达国家,模具产业早已形成产业链,成为这些国家的基础经济工业之一。很多国家在发展高科技产业的同时也兼顾发展轻工业,在美国,模具工业被成为“美国工业的基石”,在日本被称为“促进社会富裕的动力、源泉”[3]。因此在轻工业行业有这么一句话:工业要发展,模具要先行。没有高水平的模具制造工艺就没有质量非常优良的科技产品。现在,模具工业水平是衡量一个国家制造工业制造水平高低的重要标志。可以这么大胆的预测,模具工业在国民经济中的地位将与日俱增,并且扮演越来越重要的角色。因此我们必须毫无疑虑的发展模具工业,对于我们国家的生产力的进步有很大的推动作用。


内容简介:
编号: 毕业设计(论文)外文翻译(原文)学 院: 专 业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 学生姓名: 学 号: 指导教师单位: 姓 名: 职 称: 2014 年 3 月 9 日The technology of Microlens array injection moldingAbstract Injection molding could be used as a mass production technology for microlens arrays. It is of importance, and thus of our concern in the present study, to understand the injection molding processing condition effects on the replicability of microlens array profile. Extensive experiments were performed by varyingprocessing conditions such as flow rate, packing pressure and packing time for three different polymeric materials (PS, PMMA and PC). The nickel mold insert of microlens arrays was made by electroplating a microstructure master fabricated by a modified LIGA process. Effects of processing conditions on the replicability were investigated with the help of the surface profile measurements. Experimental results showed that a packing pressure and a flow rate significantly affects a final surface profile of the injection molded product. Atomic force microscope measurement indicated that the averaged surface roughness value of injection molded microlens arrays is smaller than that of mold insert and is comparable with that of fine optical components in practical use.1 Introduction Microoptical products such as microlenses or microlens arrays have been used widely in various fields of microoptics, optical data storages, bio-medical applications, display devices and so on. Microlenses and microlens arrays are essential elements not only for the practical applications but also for the fundamental studies in the microoptics. There have been several fabrication methods for microlenses or microlens arryas such as a modified LIGA process 1, photoresist reflow process 2, UV laser illumination 3, etc. And the replication techniques, such as injection molding, compression molding 4 and hot embossing 5, are getting more important for a mass production of microoptical products due to the cost-effectiveness. As long as the injection molding can replicate subtle microstructures well, it is surely the most cost-effective method in the mass production stage due to its excellent reproducibility and productivity.In this regard, it is of utmost importance to check the injection moldability and to determine the molding processing condition window for proper injection molding of microstructures. In this study, we investigated the effects of processing conditions on the replication of microlens arrays by the injection molding. The microlens arrays were fabricated by a modified LIGA process, which was previously reported in 6, 7. Injection molding experiments were performed with an electroplated nickel mold insert so as to investigate the effects of some processing conditions. The surface profiles of molded microlens arrays were measured, and were used to analyze effects of processing conditions. Finally, a surface roughness of microlens arrays was measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM).2 Mold insert fabricationMicrolens arrays having several different diameters were fabricated on a PMMA sheet by a modified LIGA process 6. This modified LIGA process is composed of an X-ray irradiation on the PMMA sheet and a subsequent thermal treatment. The X-ray irradiation causes the decrease of molecular weight of PMMA, which in turn decreases the glass transition temperature and consequently causes a net volume increase during the thermal cycle resulting in a swollen microlens 7. The shapes of microlenses fabricated by the modified LIGA process can be predicted by a method suggested in 7.The microlens arrays used in the experiments were composed of 500m -(a 2 2 array), 300m -(2 2) and 200m (5 5) diameter arrays, and their heights were 20.81, 17.21 and 8.06 m, respectively. Using the microlens arrays fabricated by the modified LIGA process as a master, a metallic mold insert was fabricated by a nickel electroplating for the injection molding. Typical materials used in a microfabrication process, such as silicon, photoresists or polymeric materials, cannot be directly used as the mold or the mold insert due to their weak strength or thermal properties. It is desirable to use metallic materials which have appropriate mechanical and thermal properties to endure both a high pressure and a large temperature variation during the replication process. Therefore, a metallic mold insert is being used rather than the PMMA master on silicon wafer for mass production with such replication techniques. Otherwise special techniques should be adopted as a replication method, e.g. a low pressure injection molding 8.The size of final electroplated mold insert was 30 30 3 mm. The electroplated nickel mold insert having microlens arrays is shown in Fig. 1.Fig.1.Moldinsert fabricated by a nickel electroplating (a) Real view of the mold insert (b) SEM image of 200 m diameter microlens array (c) SEM image of 300 mdiameter microlens array3 Injection molding experimentsA conventional injection molding machine (Allrounders 220 M, Arburg) was used in the experiments. A mold base for the injection molding was designed to fix the electroplated nickel mold insert firmly with the help of a frametype bolster plate (Fig. 2). Shape of aperture of the bolster plate (in this study, a rectangular one) defines the outer geometry of the molded part on which the profiles of microlens arrays are to be transcribed. The mold base itself has delivery systems such as sprue, runner and gate which lead the molten polymer to the cavity formed by the bolster plate, the mold insert and amoving mold surface. The mold base was designed such that mold insert replacement is simple and easy. Of course, one may introduce an appropriate bolster plate with a specific aperture shape. Fig. 2. Mold base and mold insert used in the injection molding experimentThe injection molding experiments were carried out with three general polymeric materials PS (615APR, Dow Chemical), PMMA (IF870, LG MMA) and PC (Lexan 141R, GE Plastics). These materials are quite commonly used for optical applications. They have different refractive indices (1.600, 1.490 and 1.586 for PS, PMMA and PC, respectively), giving rise to different optical properties in final products, e.g. different foci with the same geometry. The injectionmolding experiments were performed for seven processing conditions by changing flow rate, packing pressure and packing time for each polymeric material. Furthermore, same experiments were repeated three times for checking the reproducibility. It may be mentioned that the mold temperature effect was not considered in this study since the temperature effect is relatively less important for these microlens arrays due to their large radius of curvature than other microstructures of high aspect ratio. For high aspect ratio microstructures, we are currently investigating the temperature effect more closely and plan to report separately in the future. Therefore, flow rate, packing pressure and packing time were varied to investigate their effects more thoroughly with the mold temperature unchanged in this study. Table 1 shows the detailed processing conditions for three polymeric materials. Other processing conditions were kept unchanged during the experiment. The mold temperatures were set to 80, 70 and 60 _C for PC, PMMA and PS, respectively.It might be mentioned that we carried out the experiments without a vacuum condition in the mold cavity considering that the large radius of curvature of the microlens arrays in the present study will not entrap air in the microlens cavity during the filling stage.Table 1. Detailed processing conditions used in the injection molding experimentsCase Flow rate (cc/sec)Packing time (sec)Packing pressure(MPa)1 12.0 5.0 10.02 12.0 5.0 15.03 12.0 5.0 20.04 12.0 2.0 10.05 12.0 10.0 10.06 18.0 5.0 10.0PS7 24.0 5.0 10.01 6.0 10.0 10.02 6.0 10.0 15.03 6.0 10.0 20.0PMMA 4 6.0 5.0 10.05676.09.012.015.010.010.010.010.010.01 6.0 5.0 5.02 6.0 5.0 10.0355.010.015.05.066.06.09.0 5.0 5.0PC7 12.0 5.0 5.04 Results and discussionBefore detailed discussion of the experimental results, it might be helpful to summarize why flow rate, packingpressure and packing time (which were chosen as processing conditions to be varied in this study) affect thereplication quality. As far as the flow rate is concerned, there may exist an optimal flow rate in the sense that too small flow rate makes too much cooling before a complete filling and thus possibly results in so-called short shot phenomena whereas too high flow rate increases pressure fields which is undesirable.The packing stage is generally required to compensate for the volume shrinkage of hot molten polymer whencooled down, so that enough material should flow into a mold cavity during this stage to control the dimensionalaccuracy. The higher the packing pressure, the longer the packing time, more material tends to flow in. However, too much packing pressure sometimes may cause uneven distribution of density, thereby resulting in poor opticalquality. And too long packing time does not help at all since gate will be frozen and prevent material from flowing into the cavity. In this regard, one needs to investigate the effects of packing pressure and packing time.4.1 Surface profilesFigure 3 shows typical scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the injection molded microlens arrays for different diameters for PMMA (a) and different materials (b). Cross-sectional surface profiles of the mold insert and all the injection molded microlens arrays were measured by a 3D profile measuring system (NH-3N, Mitaka).(a)Injection molded microlensarrays (PMMA) (b) Injectionmolded microlenses of 300 mdiameter for different materialsFig. 3. SEM images of theinjection molded microlensarrays and microlensesAs a measure of replicability, we have defined a relative deviation of profile as the height difference between the molded one and the corresponding mold insert for each microlens divided by the mold insert one. The computed relative deviations for all the microlenses are listed in Table 2.Relative deviation (%)Diameter( m)1 2 3 4 5 6 7PS200300500-7.625.862.38-7.592.03-0.382.082.860.51-5.565.611.47-8.6660161.47-11.444.291.47-9.475.731.95PMMA2003005007.205.77-0.661.315.60-1.62-3.886.453.98-5.805.952.80-0.975.95-0.72-8.536.68-0.904.86-2.62-0.72PC20030050023.026.20-0.9316.054.965.0916.872.66-1.8619.664.531.8833.974.786.9618.671.792.43-2.944.15-1.55It may be mentioned that the moldability of polymeric materials affects the replicability. Therefore, the overall relative deviation differs for three polymeric materials used in this study. It may be noted that PC is the most difficult material for injection molding amongst the three polymers. The largest relative deviation can be found in PC for the smallest diameter case, as expected. In that specific case, the largest value is corresponding to the low flow rate and low packing pressure. Packing time in this case does not significantly affect the deviation. The relative deviation for PS and PMMA with the smallest diameter is far better than PC case.Table 2 indicates that the larger the diameter, the smaller the relative deviation. The larger diameter microlens is, of course, easier to be filled than smaller diameter during the filling stage and packing stage. Microlenses of larger diameters were generally replicated well regardless of processing conditions and regardless of materials. The best replicability is found for the case of PS with 500 m diameter. Generally, PS has a good moldability in comparison with PMMA and PC.It may be mentioned that some negative values of relative deviation were observed mostly in the smallest diameter case for PS and PMMA according to Table 2. In these cases, however, the absolute deviation is an order of 0.1 m in height, which is within the measurement error of the system. Therefore, the negative values could be ignored in interpreting the experimental data of replicability. Surface profiles of microlens of 300 m diameter are shown in Figs. 4 and 5 for PC and PMMA, respectively. As shown in Fig. 4, the higher packing pressure or the higher flow rate results in the better replication of microlens for the case of PC, as mentioned above. Packing time has little effect on the replication for these cases. For the case of PMMA, the packing pressure and packing time have insignificant effect as shown in Fig. 5; however, flow rate has the similar effect to PC. It might be reminded that packing time does not affect the replicability if a gate is frozen since frozen gate prevents material from flowinginto the cavity. Therefore, the effect of packing time disappears after a certain time depending on the processing conditions.Fig.4ac(leftside).Surfce profiles of microlens (PC with diameter (/) of 300 m). a effect of packing pressure, b effect of flow rate, c effectof packing timeFig.5ac.(rightside)Surface profiles of microlens (PMMA with diameter(/) of 300m). a effect of packing pressure, b effect of flow rate,c effect of packing time4.2 Surface roughnessAveraged surface roughness, Ra, values of 300 m diameter microlenses and the mold insert were measured by an atomic force microscope (Bioscope AFM, Digital Instruments). The measurements were performed around the top of each microlens and the measuring area was 5 m 5 m. Figure 6 shows AFM images and measured Ra values of microlenses. PMMA replicas of microlens have the lowest Ra value, 1.606 nm. It may be noted that AFM measurement indicated that Ra value of injection molded
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本文标题:外螺纹液压管四通管接头注塑模具设计【15张CAD图纸和说明书】
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