2015年MPAMBA英语真题及答案解析完整版英语

2015 年SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Read thefollowingtext. Choose thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand markA, B,CorD onANSWERSHEET.(10points)Inourcontemporaryculture,the prospectofcommunicatingwith-or even looking at-astrangeris virtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreeby thewaythey fiddlewith theirphones, evenwithouta1 underground.Itsasadreality -ourdesireto avoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings- becausetheres2tobegainedfromtalkingto thestrangerstandingby you.Butyou wouldntknowit,3intoyourphone. Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4:“Pleasedont approach me.“Whatis it that makes us feelweneed to hide5 ourscreens?Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJon Wortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefear rejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“creepy,“.Wefearwellbe7.Wefearwellbedisruptive.Strangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10to ourphones. “Phones becomeour securityblanket,“Wortmannsays.“Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveis goingto bemore11.”Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlook up,itdoesnt12sobad.Inone2011 experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13. Theyhad Chicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.“WhenDr. EpleyandMs.Schroeder askedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingto astranger, thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheir own,“ theNewYorkTimes summarizes.Though theparticipants didnt expect a positive experience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,“notasinglepersonreported having beensnubbed.“18,thesecommutes werereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwith thosesans communication,whichmakesabsolute sense,19humanbeingsthrive off of social connections.Its that20 :Talkingto strangers canmakeyoufeelconnected.1. AticketBpermitCsignalD record2. AnothingBlink C another Dmuch3. AbeatenBguided Cplugged Dbrought4. AmessageBcede CnoticeDsign5. AunderBbeyond CbehindD from6. AmisinterpretBmisapplied Cmisadjusted Dmismatched7. A fired Bjudged C replacedDdelayed8. AunreasonableBungratefulCunconventionalDunfamiliar9. A comfortableBanxiousCconfidentD angry10. A attend BpointCtakeDturn11.Adangerous Bmysterious CviolentDboring12. AhurtBresistCbendDdecay13. Alecture B conversation Cdebate Dnegotiation14. AtraineesBemployees Cresearchers Dpassengers15. A revealB choose CpredictDdesign16. Avoyage BflightCwalk D ride17. Awent through Bdid away Ccaughtup Dputup18. AInturn BInparticularCInfactDInconsequence19. Aunless BsinceCif Dwhereas20. A funny Bsimple ClogicalDrareSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartA Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts. Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingA, B,CorD.Mark youranswers onANSWERSHEET.(40 points)Text1Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactually morestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeoplescortisol,whichisastressmarker, whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundit higher atwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswell asmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome, ”writesoneoftheresearchers,Sarah Damske.Infactwomen evensaythey feelbetteratwork,shenotes.“Itismen,notwomen,who reportbeinghappierathome thanatwork. ”Another surpriseisthatfindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.This is why peoplewhowork outsidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesntmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingwork whentheyreathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formany men, theendof the workdayisa time tokickback.For womenwho stayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice. Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethe home,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringof roles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceamakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,itsnotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.Butitsnotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhat theyresupposedtobedoing:working,markingmoney, doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome. Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursof physicalormental laborand employeedrawsout life-sustaining moola.Onthehomefront,however, peoplehavenosuchclarity. Rareisthe householdinwhichthedivisionoflaboris soclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout. Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem. Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,oriftheyreteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,theyreyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreally getto gohomefromhome.Soitsnotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyare thetasks apparently infinite, the co-workersaremuch hardertomotivate.21.Accordingto Paragraph1,mostprevious surveysfoundthathomeAofferedgreaterrelaxation than theworkplaceBwasan idealplaceforstress measurement Cgeneratedmorestressthan theworkplace Dwas an unrealisticplacefor relaxation22.According to Damaske, who arelikely to bethehappiestathome? AChildless wivesBWorking mothers CChildless husbands DWorkingfathers23.Theblurring ofworking womens rolesrefers to the fact thatAitis difficultforthem toleavetheiroffice Btheirhomeis also aplaceforkicking back Cthereis often much houseworkleftbehind Dthey areboth bread winnersandhousewives24.Theword“moola”(Line4,Para4)mostprobably meansAskillsB energy C earnings Dnutrition25.Thehome frontdiffers from theworkplacein thatAdivisionoflaborathomeis seldomclear-cut Bhomeis hardly acozierworking environment Chousehold tasks aregenerally moremotivating D family laboris often adequately rewardedText2Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-those whodonothavea parentwitha collegedegree- lagotherstudentsona rangeof educationachievementfactors. Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesare higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruiting first-generationstudents, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”abachievementgapbasedon socialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournal Psychological Science.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program)canclose63percent of theachievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation andotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindings arebasedona study involving147students(whocompletedthe project)atan unnamedprivateuniversity. Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwitha four-yearcollegedegree.Most of thefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)were recipientsof PellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,while thiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwitha four-yeardegree.Theirthesis- thatarelativelymodest interventioncouldhaveabigimpact- wasbasedon theviewthatfirst-generationstudents maybe most lacking not in potentialbut inpracticalknowledgeabouthow todealwiththe issues thatface most collegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegap that mustbenarrowed to closethe achievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents “struggletonavigatethemiddle-class cultureofhighereducation,learnthe rulesofthegame,andtakeadvantageof collegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollages dont talkaboutthe classadvantageanddisadvantages ofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehow socialclasscanaffect students educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightabout why they arestrugglingand do notunderstandhow studentslikethemcan improve.26. Recruiting more first-generation students hasAreducedtheirdropoutratesBnarrowedthe achievementgapCmisseditsoriginalpurposeDdepressedcollegestudents27.The authoroftheresearch articleareoptimisticbecauseAtheproblem is solvableBtheir approachis costlessCthe recruiting ratehas increasedDtheir finding appealto students28.Thestudy suggests that mostfirst-generation studentsAstudyatprivateuniversitiesBarefromsingle-parentfamilies C arein needof financialsupport Dhave failedtheir collage29.The authorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudentsAareactually indifferent to the achievementgapBcanhaveapotential influenceon otherstudentsCmaylackopportunities toapplyfor research projectsDareinexperiencedinhandling theirissues atcollege30.Wemay inferfrom thelastparagraphthatAuniversities often reject the cultureofthemiddle-class Bstudents areusually to blame fortheirlack ofresources Csocialclassgreatly helpsenrich educationalexperiences Dcolleges arepartlyresponsible fortheproblem in questionText3Evenintraditionaloffices, “thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahas gottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinning off examples. “IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,mission,passion. Therewere goals, therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidnttalkaboutenergy; wedidnt talk aboutpassion.”Koehnpointedout that thisneweraofcorporatevocabularyis very“team”-orientedandnotbycoincidence. “Letsnotforgetsportsinmale-dominated corporateAmerica,itsstillabig deal.Itsnotexplicitlyconscious;itstheideathat Imacoach,andyouremy team,andwereinthis together.Therearelots andlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesand thisis theirteamand they wanttowin.”Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaningand,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegianceto thefirm.“Youhavetheimportation of terminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligious organizations:Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” saidKhurana.Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivated amidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalance. The “mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcanthaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandbergsLeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzword inits own right.Terms likeunplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehome.Butifyourworkis your“passion,”youllbemorelikely todevoteyourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghome fordinner andthen working long afterthekids arein bed.Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,but managersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbit.AsNunberg said, “Youcangetpeopletothinkitsnonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkplacethatsfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeandits meaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourworkandhowyourworkdefines whoyouare.31.According to NancyKoehn,officelanguagehas becomeAmore emotional Bmoreobjective Cless energetic Dless strategic32. “Team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyis closely relatedtoAhistorical incidents Bgenderdifference Csports cultureDathletic executives33.Khuranabelievesthat theimportationofterminology aims toArevivehistorical termsBpromote companyimageCfostercorporate cooperationDstrengthenemployeeloyalty34.Itcanbeinferred thatLeanInAvoicesforworking womenBappealsto passionateworkaholics Ctriggersdebates among mommies Dpraises motivated employees35.Whichofthe following statements is true aboutofficespeak? AManagers admireitbutavoid itBLinguists believeit tobenonsense CCompanies find it tobefundamental DRegularpeoplemock itbutaccept itText4Manypeopletalkedofthe 288,000newjobs theLaborDepartmentreported forJune,alongwiththe dropin the unemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews. And they wereright.Fornow itappears the economyiscreating jobsatadecentpace. Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenow finally movingforwardatafasterpace.However, thereis anotherimportantpartofthe jobspicturethatwaslargely overlooked. Therewasabigjump inthenumberofpeoplewhorepotvoluntarily working part-time.Thisfigureis now 830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.Beforeexplaining theconnectionto theObamacare,it isworth makingan importantdistinction. Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increasein involuntary part-timeworkisevidenceofweaknessin thelabormarketandit means that many peoplewillbehaving avery hardtimemaking ends meet.Therewas anincrease in involuntary part-time in June, but thegeneral directionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstill farhigherthan beforethe recession,butit is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is yearago level.We know thedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-time employmentbecausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepar