硕士英语综合教程一册习题

1Unit 1 Low-carbon EconomyExercises:1. Reading ComprehensionA. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) This is the defining moment. (Para. 1)A. This is the critical moment for us to define our activities.B. This is the decisive moment for us to take actions to stop global warming.C. This is the last moment for us to determine what we should do in the next two to three years.(2) , it would be beyond irresponsible to take that bet. (Para. 5)A. , it would be irresponsible to go on our activities and cause damages to our environment.B. , it would be much more serious than being irresponsible if we go on to destroy our environment.C. it would not be irresponsible to go on our activities and let global warming become worsening.(3) because climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate. (Para. 6)A. because climate is the atmosphere that all our natural systems operate in.B. because climate is the base for all our natural systems.C. because there is a climate operating system within all our natural systems.(4) , concludes that economic damages from climate change could be seismic: (Para. 10)A. , concludes that climate change could cause economic damages and earthquake-related disasters: B. , concludes that economic damages from climate change could cause earthquake: C. , concludes that economic damages caused by climate change could be earthshaking: (5) The challenge before us, then, is clear, and nothing is gained by delay. (Para. 18)A. Now the challenge before us is obvious and we should obtain nothing without delay.B. Now we have a very clear challenge before us and we should try every means without delay.C. The challenge before us is very obvious and it will delay us gaining something.B. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) According to the author, the main reason for the occurrence of global warming is _. The global warming will become much more serious unless _.(2) John Holdren say global climate change is the most dangerous of all environmental problems because _ _. 2(3) The threat of major disruption to economic and social activity, according to Stern, is caused by many factors, they are _.(4) _ are the bases to answer the questions of temperature limit and concentration limit.(5) According the IPCCs report, _ is a highly ambitious target.2. VocabularyA. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words you have learned in the text.(1) Lack of money, coupled with low-level researching equipment, will have a(n) _ effect on our next seismic research program.(2) The problem is simple and _: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.(3) Now there are nuclear weapons in some countries; if war broke out, they could _ untold losses on mankind and uncontrollable damages on environment.(4) Databases used by some companies dont rely on data collected _ but rather lump together information from different research projects.(5) Frances resumption of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month _ political debates and mass demonstrations around the world.(6) Because many people lack the feeling of belonging to an ecosystem, and this results in a harsh and _ treatment of things upon which we ultimately depend, such as water and trees.(7) She had _ the wrath of her parents by going abroad and marrying a foreigner without their consent.(8) When travelling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.(9) He _ a chance to go to Mexico City because he was too busy with his research program on climate change.(10) My parents finally _ my punishment I would use my summer wages to pay for the repairs of their car.B. Replace the underlined parts in the following sentences with the expressions below that best keep the original meaning.(1) As my eyes met theirs at the end of my performance, I was, for the second time, the receiver 3of their zealously guarded applause.A. recipes B. recipients C. receipts D. reciprocity(2) As I opened up the computer to try and fix the problem, I realized that I was getting into completely unfamiliar territory and considered whether to leave it to the experts.A. unclassified B. uncomplicated C. uncharted D. uncontrolled(3) The deadly earthquake that jolted southwest Chinas Sichuan Province on May 12 has destroyed the homes of giant pandas and left them in extreme need of their favorite food, bamboo. A. dire B. dim C. diverse D. diligent(4) Russian Emergency Situations Minister Sergei Shoigu on Saturday warned that currently fire situations in 17 Russian regions may further worsen, and urged continuous supervision on some strategic targets.A. relieve B. etch C. reinsure D. aggravate(5) The British government says it will withdraw its troops from an unsteady region of southern Afghanistan and handover control to U.S. Marines later this year.A. voluble B. volatile C. voluntary D. volcanic(6) The Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to 1938, honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians.A. extraction B. extrapolation C. extermination D. extension(7) The global financial crisis has not spared the Middle East region, but strong economic fundamentals and sizeable currency reserves have helped to relieve the impact of the shock.A. mitigate B. mingle C. mimic D. militate(8) During the past decades, the international community, usually with the help of the United Nations, has struggled to negotiate global standards that can help us achieve many essential goals.A. under the sway of B. under the authority ofC. under the heel of D. under the auspices of(9) He explores such problems consciously, first by asking factual and moral questions, then by suggesting action which seems appropriate after considering the factual and moral information which he has obtained.A. in terms of B. in light ofC. in case of D. in spite of(10) This workshop introduces the advanced technologies in Internet and Web applications; and provides practical hands-on experience on various system tools, networking tools, modeling 4tools.A. state-of-play B. state-of-affairsC. state-of-the-art D. state-of-siege3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.specific contribute urgency involve schedulerun out reward due to speed up vulnerabilityadaptive embrace adverse alternative initiativedesignate context compensation hamper incorporateThe U.N.-sponsored meeting in Accra was one in a series aimed at forging a deal to replace the Kyoto protocol, which expires at the end of 2012, and was never fully (1) _.The process has (2) _, and parties have become more serious about reaching an agreement, said the executive secretary of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change. Yvo de Boer said that time is (3) _ to come to reach an accord on climate change, and that he witnessed a growing sense of (4) _ at the conference.Developing countries demonstrated (5) _ this week, says Keya Chatterjee, deputy director of the climate change program at Washington, D.C.-based World Wildlife Fund. “What we have seen is the emerging economies and developing countries that have been taking the lead. It has been really interesting to watch, many developing countries have come to the table with (6) _ targets, with national action plans on climate change.”Countries (7) _ by the Kyoto accord as developing are not required to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases that (8) _ to global warming. A major issue in the negotiations for the new environmental deal is how to (9) _ developing countries into the fight against climate change without (10) _ their economic growth. Negotiators are also considering ways to (11) _ countries that avoid deforestation.Chatterjee says it is important that developing countries are becoming more (12) _ in the global fight against climate change, which can have (13) _ effects on agricultural outputs. “In poor countries there is less (14) _ capacity, and there is more (15) _, so when food supplies are affected, for example, it is harder for a poorer country to be resilient to that, to find (16) _ food sources,” added Chatterjee.U.N. representative De Boer said that the new framework should be designed partially to lead to more investments in Africa. He said Africa was at risk of, in his words, “becoming the forgotten continent in the (17) _ of the fight against climate change.”Some West African leaders have said their countries are already feeling the effects of climate change. In the opening address to the conference, Ghanaian President John Kufuor said his country had suffered increased drought and flooding in recent years (18) _ global warming.African environmental leaders will meet again in early September in Dakar for the first Africa Carbon Forum. They will discuss ways to improve financial (19) _ for African projects that help reduce global warming by avoiding carbon emissions. A global 5ministerial meeting on climate change has been (20) _ by the U.N. for early December in Poland.4. TranslationA. Chinese-English translation.1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) 他们被背包压得弯下了腰，在山坡上的松树林里一步步向上爬，身上淌着汗。 （under the weight of）(2) 我们在无聊的时候，往往把注意力集中在时间的流逝上，这样会使大脑活动产生错觉，总觉得时钟似乎走得更慢。 （trigger）(3) 法国第二季度的失业率飙升，并且该国财长称，即使全球经济复苏加快，就业局面仍将继续恶化。这是 2006 年初以来最糟糕的季度失业率。 （aggravate）(4) 社会实践是不断发展的，我们的思想认识也应不断前进，应勇于根据实践的要求进行创新。 （in light of）(5) 自行车被看成是比公共汽车更实惠的交通工具，因为公共汽车票价在最近几年内涨了三倍。 （alternative）(6) 美国政府呼吁全国人民节约用水，因为水资的源匮乏已经成了全球生态问题、经济问题以及政治问题的根源之一。 （scarcity）(7) 一个企业只有引进高新技术设备，提升产品质量，开拓国际市场，才能成为当今行业内当之无愧的引领者。 （state-of-the-art）(8) 如果你在考虑到英国过圣诞，最好再考虑一下。因为英国恶劣的天气，对当地交通设施造成巨大破坏，数千名游客被困英国。 （disruption）2) Translate the following paragraph into English.科学家们表示，地球的气候变暖是一个渐变的过程，但极端天气会越来越频繁而且越来越剧烈。他们称，更多的暴风雨，洪水，干旱以及热浪所带来的影响将会让人始料不及并且作用深远。世界卫生组织表示，那些对气候变化敏感的疾病已经夺去了数百万人的生命。气候变化是一种全球性的现象。虽然每个国家都会深受其害，但是其造成的影响，在地区之间的分布并不均匀。世卫组织负责人表示，已经对抗重大问题的贫困国家将会受到最严重的影响。发展中国家脆弱的卫生系统所受的压力将与日俱增。在应对与日俱增的疾病负担和其他健康问题方面，发展中国家将面临重重困难。B. English-Chinese translation.1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.Many of our leading climate scientists have warned that if we exceed 2.0C (3.6F) above pre-industrial times, we will enter a dangerous, uncharted territory. No one knows at what precise temperature the effects of global warming become intolerably large, whether as a result of gradual worsening of droughts, floods, hurricanes, and heat waves or as a result of abrupt, catastrophic change, such as the collapse of the Greenland or West Antarctic ice sheets and the accompanying global swell in sea levels. But we are conducting a dangerous uncontrolled experiment with the only home we have. This is why young people in increasing numbers are starting to see climate change as the challenge of their generation.62) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.The two sides held a constructive and productive dialogue on the issue of climate change. They underscored that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. The two sides maintain that a vigorous response is necessary and that international cooperation is indispensable in responding to this challenge. (1)They are convinced of the need to address climate change in a manner that respects the priority of economic and social development in developing countries and are equally convinced that transitioning to a low-carbon economy is an opportunity to promote continued economic growth and sustainable development in all countries. Regarding the upcoming Copenhagen Conference, both sides agree on the importance of actively furthering the full, effective and sustained implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in accordance with the Bali Action Plan. (2)The United States and China, consistent with their national circumstances, resolve to take significant mitigation actions and recognize the important role that their countries play in promoting a sustainable outcome that will strengthen the worlds ability to combat climate change. The two sides resolve to stand behind these commitments.(3)In this context both sides believe that, while striving for final legal agreement, an agreed outcome at Copenhagen should, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, include emission reduction targets of developed countries and nationally appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries. The outcome should also substantially scale up financial assistance to developing countries, promote technology development, dissemination and transfer, pay particular attention to the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable to adapt to climate change, promote steps to preserve and enhance forests, and provide for full transparency with respect to the implementation of mitigation measures and provision of financial, technology and capacity building support. The two sides welcomed the launch of a U.S.-China Electric Vehicles Initiative designed to put millions of electric vehicles on the roads of both countries in the years ahead. (4)Building on significant investments in electric vehicles in both the United States and China, the two governments announced a program of joint demonstration projects in more than a dozen cities, along with work to develop common technical standards to facilitate rapid scale-up of the industry. The two sides agreed that their countries share a strong common interest in the rapid deployment of clean vehicles.5. WritingIn this article, the authors believe that the government should seize the moment of challenge and opportunity to start building the low-carbon economy. But what should we individuals do? Living a low-carbon lifestyle seems to be the only way we can do to stop global warming. Write a composition of over 200 words on how to live a low-carbon lifestyle.7Unit 2 A Harmonious SocietyExercises1. Reading Comprehension A. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) , peoples rights and interests shall enjoy concrete respect and be guaranteed. (Para. 5)A. , people s rights and interests shall enjoy solid respect and be ensured.B. , people s rights and interests shall enjoy touching respect and be secured.C. , people s rights and interests shall enjoy practical respect and be secured.(2) The ideological and moral qualities, scientific and cultural qualities and health status of the whole nation will be improved markedly and, (Para. 5)A. The ideological and moral qualities, scientific and cultural qualities and health conditions of the whole nation will be improved greatly and .B. The ideological and moral qualities, scientific and cultural qualities and health conditions of the whole nation will be improved superficially and .C. The ideological and moral qualities, scientific and cultural qualities and health conditions of the whole nation will be improved with a sign and .(3) A harmonious society featuring orderly competition and honesty is taking shape. (Para. 9)A. A harmonious charactering orderly competition and honesty is developing.B. A harmonious society with the characteristic of orderly competition and honesty is formed.C. A harmonious society with the qualities of orderly competition and honesty is under construction.(4) A harmonious society advocates an overall, co-ordinated and sustainable development concept, making . (Para. 17)A. A harmonious society shows an overall, co-ordinated and sustainable development concept, making .B. A harmonious society supports an overall, co-ordinated and sustainable development concept, making .C. A harmonious society agrees with an overall, co-ordinated and sustainable development concept, making .(5) Second, we should uphold the principle of governing the country by law and building a legal system for a harmonious society. (Para. 22)A. Second, the principle of governing the country by law and building a legal system for a harmonious society should be emphasized.B. Second, we should put aside the principle of governing the country by law and building a legal system for a harmonious society.C. Second, we should support the principle to govern the country by law and build a legal system for a harmonious society.B. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) According to the text, when addressing a high-level Party seminar recently in Beijing, Chinese President Hu Jintao instructed_ _ at the top of their agenda.(2) The socialist democratic and legal system must be further improved; the fundamental 8principle of administering the country .(3) The building of a harmonious society aims to .(4) During this period, we should pay