中考语法精讲-形容词

中考语法精讲-形容词用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。形容词的作用，见下表：作 用 例 句You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.Your coat is too small.The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。Dont wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。Youd better tell us_ _.(有趣的事情)The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序口诀是：描大形新颜国材限定词（冠词，指示代词，物主代词，数词） ，描（描绘性形容词）大（大小长短高低）形（形状）新（新旧）颜（颜色）国（国家地区出处）材（材料）The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌_形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等) 。 The rich never help the poor in this country.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。_(2) 形容词与不定式连用的两个句型。(1) It is +形容词+of / for sb. + to do sth. 若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，clever，careless，polite，foolish 等，用 of sb.。Its very kind_you_ help me. Its clever _ you_work out the maths problem. 若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用 for sb.这类形容词有 difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous， （im）possible 等。 Its very dangerous_children _ cross the busy street. Its difficult _ us_ finish the work.(2) n. + be + 形容词 + to do sth.Comics are wonderful_（read)The film is exciting _(see).(3) 常见名词变形容词的方法(4) 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法构成规则变化1.一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall- taller-tallest2.以不发音的 e 结尾的单音词 nice-nicer-nicest large-larger-largest 3.双写结尾的辅音字母（辅+元+辅） ，再加-er，-est big-bigger-biggest 4.“以辅+y“结尾的双音节词，改 y 为 i，再加-er，-est easyeasier-easiest 5.其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加 more，most 来构成比较级和最高级。 important-more important-most important easily-more easily-most easily不规则变化good / well better bestbad / ill worse worstmany / much more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthest 或者 further furthestold elder eldest 或者olderoldest两者进行比较 名词 构成方法 意义 举例表示天气的名词 y 充满.的;多.的 Cloudcloudy ; Wind windy表示方位的名词 ern 朝.的 West western ; East eastern表示称谓的名词 ly .一般的 Friend friendly; Mother motherly表示时间的名词 ly 每.的 Week weekly ;day daliy表示物质的名词 en .制成的 woodwooden ;gold golden 表示抽象意义的名词 ful yless.的 ;.的无.的Carecareful; Luck luckyHope holpless表示大洲与国家名词 n .的;.人的 Asia Asian ;America AmericanA=B as +形容词或副词的原级+ asI am as tall as you.Lucy sings as well as Lily.AB not so/as +形容词或副词的原级+ as He is not as/so careful as his brother.He doesnt run as/so quickly as me.AB 或 AB 形容词或副词的比较级+ thanYou are two years younger than me.He is a little stronger than his father.Nancy dances better than her classmates.三者或三者以上进行比较 ； 使用形容词或副词的最高级 常接 in 或 of 表比较范围Who is the tallest in Class Three?Shanghai is the largest of all the cities.one of + 最高级 + 名词的复数 China is one of the strongest countries in the world.the + 序数词+ 最高级+ 名词的单数The Yellow River is the second longest river in the world.注意以下几种情况：A 形容词或副词的比较级前可用 much, a little, a bit ,even, far 等程度副词或词组表示不同程度，但是注意，very 不行。Im a little/ much/far richer than you. Football is much more exciting than basketball.B 比较级+and + 比较级表“ 越来越 ”Stronger and stronger more and more beautifulC.“the +比较级 , the +比较级”表示“越是越是”The busier she is, the happier she is.（5）易混形容词1）older 和 elder older， 表示“较老的，较旧的，年级较大的”；elder，一般用于比较一家人的年龄长幼“年长的”1.Your bike is _ than mine .2.Hes _than you .3.Hs my _brother.2) ill 和 sick 都表示“病的，生病的” ，都可以作表语，但作定语只能用 sick。而 ill 不能作定语（ill作定语时是“坏的” ）The _man is his uncle.He has been _for two days .3) good ,well,fine,和 nicegood 是形容词，用作表语和定语，它表示电影、书籍等某种东西的内容好，或者表示人品好、善良等。This is a good bookwell 作形容词和副词。作形容词时只作表语，指身体健康；-How are you ?-I am very _/Fine ,thank you .fine 通常指天气好，气质好，发育好等。Its a fine /nice day nice 往往指“令人喜悦的。讨人喜欢的” 人，味道，言语，天气等Nice to meet you 4） 以-ed 和-ing 结尾的形容词的比较：以-ed 结尾的形容词强调人的感受:excited,interested,surprised,frightened 以-ing 结尾的形容词强调某事物本身的特征:exciting,interesting,surprisingThis is an _ book and I am _ in it. ( interest)We were all deeply _ by the _ story. ( move)Step 3 中考题精选 1. -There is a smile on Miss Gaos face. She must be _ with Sams work.-I think so. No one did as _ as him in our class.A angry; well B pleasing; good C strict; good D pleased; well2. -The doctor told me _ too much, but I find it difficult.-The doctor is right. The less you drink, _ you will be.A dont drink; the healthier B not to drink; the healthierC not to drink; the more healthier D dont drink; healthier3. -Steve is good at writing short stories.-So he is. But he writes _ than us. So he cant get good grades in writing.A most careful B more carefully C less carefully D least careful4. -Have you ever seen the movie called Los Angles 2011?-Yes, but I think its _. I fell asleep when I saw it.A exciting B boring C bored D excited5. The actress is already 50, but she looks _ than she really is.A young B more young C more younger D much younger6. Do you think which language is _, Japanese or English?A difficult B the most difficult C more difficult7. The more you read, _ vocabulary you will have.A the large B the largest C the larger8. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?-Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this.A a better; better than B a worse; as good as C a cheaper; as good as D a more important; good as9. -Mike, how are you feeling today?-Much _. I think I can go to school tomorrow.A good B better C well D best10. There was a _ talk between the two leaders last week. A friend B friendship C friendly D really11. -Why dont you like winter in Beijing?-Because it is _ winter in Guangzhou.A as cold as B much colder than C not so cold as D not colder than12. -The cake looks _.-Yes, and it tastes even _.A well; good B nice; better C good; worse D better; best13. The Changjiang River is the _ river in China.A long B longest C short D shortest14. He got _ when he heard the bad news.A angry B angrily C happy D happily15. Miss White is as _ as Miss Brown, but she looks much _ than Miss Brown.A old; younger B old; young C older; young D younger; old16. Everyone was _ when they heard the _ news.A excited; excited B exciting; exciting C excited; exciting D exciting; excited17. -Which one of those two houses would you buy?-I would buy the _ one, because I have a big family.A larger B largest C smaller18. -John, is Henry your twin brother?-Oh, yes. He is twenty minutes _ than me.A heavier B elder C taller D older19. It takes more time to go there by ship than by bus. Its _ by train of the three.A faster B the fastest C fast D much fast20. -The teacher looked at her students _ when they were saved.-We also felt _ for them.A happily; happy B happy; happily C happy; happy D happily; happily21. -_ plastic bags we use, _ it will be to the environment.-I agree _ you.A The less; the bette