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QTZ125塔式起重机总体 臂架、变幅机构设计(63m吊臂)【12张CAD图纸和说明书】

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QTZ125塔式起重机总体 臂架、变幅机构设计(63m吊臂)【12张CAD图纸和说明书】 qtz125 塔式起重机 总体 整体 臂架 机构 设计 63 吊臂 12 十二 cad 图纸 以及 说明书 仿单
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摘要

QTZ125型塔式起重机布置合理,外形美观,使用方便,维修简单,工作平稳,就位快捷方便、高效。该塔机为上回转,水平臂架,小车变幅,液压自升式多用途塔机,起重力矩为1250KN2m,最大起重量为10T,独立架设最大起升高度可达200m,最大变幅为63m。

? 变幅机构是为了满足物料装卸工作位置要求,充分利用自身的起吊能力(幅度减少能提高起重量),实现改变幅度的工作机构,并用来扩大塔式起重机的工作范围,提高生产率。

 QTZ125塔式起重机是通过移动牵引起重小车实现变幅的。工作时吊臂安装在水平位置,小车由变幅牵引机构驱动,沿着吊臂轨道(弦杆)移动。小车变幅的优点是:变幅时物料做水平移动,安装就位方便;速度快、功率省;幅度有效利用率大。其缺点为:吊臂承受较大的弯距,结构笨重,用钢量大。绳索牵引式变幅机构的小车依靠钢丝绳牵引沿吊臂轨道运行,其驱动力不受附着力的限制,故能在略呈倾斜的轨道上行走,又由于驱动装置在小车外部,从而使小车自重大为减少,所以适用于大幅度起重量较大的起重机。在塔式起重机中大都采用绳索牵引式变幅机构,这样既可以减轻吊臂载荷,又可以使工作可靠,而且因为驱动装置放在吊臂根部,平衡重也可以减少。

关键词:QTZ125塔机、变幅机构、绳牵引小车式


ABSTRACT

QTZ125 tower crane has reasonable layout, beautiful appearance, it is convenient to use, it is simple to repair, it works stable convenient and efficient. The rotary mode is turning on,ir has horizontal jib,    trolley, hydraulic jack-up multi-purpose cranes, its lifting moment is 1250KN 2 m and the maximum lifting weight is 10T the maximum lifting height and amplitude is 200m and 63m.

Luffing mechanism make full use of its lifting capacity of (reduction can improve the weight) to meet the requirement of the material handling work location to change the working mechanism of amplitude and to expand the scope of tower crane work, improve productivity.

QTZ125 tower crane changes amplitude through a mobile traction lifting trolley. When the crane works the jib is installed in a horizontal position, the car alongs the crane rail (chord) move which drived by amplitude traction mechanism.The advantages are: when the trolley works the material move horizontally, it is convenient to install; it has fast speed, it saves power and the effective utilization rate is great. Its shortcomings are: the jib beers a big bending moment, heavy structure and a large quantity of steel. Rope traction luffing car moves along the boom in orbit rely on wire rope traction, its driving force is not affected by adhesion, it can be walking in slightly inclined orbit and because the driver in the car outside, so that the weight of the car is reduced greatly so it is suitable for large amplitude heavy crane. Most of the tower use crane rope traction luffing mechanism which not only can reduce the crane load but also can make reliable work and because the drive device on the jib root the balance weight can also reduced.

Keywords: QTZ125 tower crane, luffing mechanism, rope trolley type


目录

第一章 前言··················································································1

1.1塔式起重机概述············································································1

1.2塔式起重机的发展趋势····································································3

第二章 总体设计············································································4

2.1 概述························································································4

2.2 总体设计方案的确定······································································5

2.2.1金属结构·················································································5

2.2.2工作机构················································································25

2.3 总体设计原则············································································29

2.3.1 整机工作级别··········································································32

2.3.2 机构工作级别··········································································32

2.3.3 主要技术性能参数····································································32

2.4平衡臂与平衡重的计算···································································33

2.5起重特性曲线·············································································35

2.6塔机风力计算·············································································37

2.6.1工作工况Ⅰ············································································38

2.6.2工作工况Ⅱ·············································································42

2.6.3工作工况Ⅲ·············································································44

2.6.4非工作工况Ⅳ···········································································46

2.7整机的抗倾翻稳定性·····································································48

2.7.1工作工况Ⅰ·············································································49

2.7.2工作工况Ⅱ·············································································50

2.7.3非工作工况Ⅲ···········································································51

2.7.4工作工况Ⅳ·············································································51

第三章 塔身的设计计算·································································52

3.1塔身的总体模型···········································································52

3.2 塔身的受力分析及验算··································································53

3.2.1.塔身的受力分析·······································································53

3.2.2 塔身内力计算及组合··································································56

3.2.3 塔身整体稳定性和强度验算··························································59

第四章 变幅机构的设计和计算························································71

4.1变幅机构的形式··········································································71

4.2 确定卷筒尺寸············································································71

4.2.1 卷筒名义直径··········································································71

4.2.2 多层绕卷筒相关参数计算····························································72

4.3选择电动机、减速器、制动器、联轴器····················································72

4.3.1选择电动机·············································································72

4.3.2 选择减速器············································································73

4.3.3 变幅机构制动器的选择·······························································74

4.3.4变幅机构联轴器的选择································································75

4.4. 验算变幅速度···········································································77

4.5验算起、制动时间验算····································································77

4.6电动机发热校验···········································································79

4.7 校验卷筒强度············································································80

第五章  变幅小车的设计·······························································81

5.1 变幅小车的形式··········································································81

5.2 变幅小车的设计··········································································82

5.2.1 绳索牵引式小车构造及其驱动方式················································82

5.2.2运行小车牵引力计算···································································83

5.2.3 牵引绳最大张力·······································································86

5.2.4 选择牵引绳············································································87

5.2.5 牵引卷筒计算··········································································87

第六章 毕业设计小结····································································90

致谢····························································································91

参考书目·······················································································93

第一章 前言

1.1 塔式起重机概述

随着建筑行业的兴起,城镇人口的增多,高层建筑已经成为了一个趋势,来满足人们的住房需求。然而,在建筑行业中,能同时完成垂直升降和水平移动的起重机械很多,但综合其机动灵活性,起升高度,实用性等因素应用最广泛的是塔式起重机。

塔式起重机(tower crane)简称塔机,亦称塔吊,起源于西欧,是现代工业与民用高层建筑的主要施工机械之一。在高层建筑中其幅度利用率高达80﹪,与其它类型的起重机相比,塔式起重机的优势明显,它有多种类别、形式、性能、大小等,它的突出特点是工作效率高、适用范围广、回转半径大、操作方便可靠等。故塔式起重机在建筑安装工程中得到广泛应用。但是塔机的技术有待于提高。塔机的研究正向着组合式发展。所谓的组合式,就是以塔身结构为核心,按结构和功能特点,将塔身分解成若干部分,并依据系列化和通用化要求,遵循模数制原理再将各部分划分成若干模块。根据参数要求,选用适当模块分别组成具有不同技术性能特征的塔机,以满足施工的具体需求。推行组合式的塔机有助于加快塔机产品开发进度,节省产品开发费用,并能更好的为客户服务。


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毕业实习报告系 别 专 业 班 级 姓 名 学 号 指导教师 实习成绩 毕业实习总结2013 年 3 月 30 号至 4 月 2 号,我在山西太原工程机械厂进行了为期 3 天的毕业实习。这次我们主要是通过现场的实际参,知道塔机的组成结构及作业情况,对塔式起重机有了一个感性认识,对塔式起重机四大机构和生产工艺流程进行了解并了解塔式起重机的发展情况,加深对塔机的认识。接下来的毕业设计做好准备。山西省工程机械厂创建于 1953 年,是国家住建部塔式起重机、施工升降机的专业生产企业,属建筑机械设备制造的大型骨干企业。在国内同行业中,率先通过 ISO9002国际质量体系认证,取得国家质量监督检验检疫总局核发的特种设备制造许可证资质。目前,我厂取得起重设备安装工程专业承包壹级资质,是山西省唯一取得该项资质的企业。 “晋塔”为企业的注册商标。山西省工程机械厂以法国波坦、瑞典阿利玛克等国外先进技术为依托,开发适合国内外施工需要的系列产品,拥有 7 项企业自主知识产权和国家专利技术。企业主要产品为:塔式起重机 F1 系列、QTZ 系列、C 系列共 34 种不同型号的产品,施工升降机SC 系列产品,建筑、桥梁模板与模架体系,全部通过国家建筑城建机械质量监督检验中心检测。企业产品性能先进,质量优良,结构合理,外形美观,便于运输、安装和拆卸;选用国内外一流的配套件进行配置,确保了产品整机优越的技术性能和安全性能。山西省特种设备监督检验所长期驻厂,对产品的零部件、整机装配进行全方位质量监督检验。企业拥有一流的大型钢结构厂房、现代化的加工设备和生产线,拥有完备的销售网络和强大的服务。实习内容3 月 31 号中午 12 点经过 9 个小时的车程我们来到了山西太原。在指导老师的带领下我们进入旅店休息并决定于明天进场参观实习。4 月 1 号我们在指导老师的带领下进入了山西太原工程机械厂。在厂里的会议室我们受到了厂里张科长的接待并在张科长的带领下进入了生产车间参观实习。为了我们的安全在进入车间前我们都佩戴了安全帽。首先参观的是顶升部分,张科长详细的给我讲解了顶升机构的工作原理和工作程。(上图为拍摄的顶升机构)接下来给我们看的是旋转机构的组成。按照回转部分装设的位置不同,可分为:上回转塔式起重机和下回转塔式起重机; 上回转塔式起重机是指回转支承装在塔机的上部的塔式起重机。其特点是塔身不转动,在回转部分与塔身之间装有回转支承装置。按照回转支承构造形式,上回转部分的结构可分为塔帽式、转柱式、平台式和塔顶式几种。下回转塔式起重机是指回转部分设置在塔机的下部,吊臂装在塔身顶部,塔身、平衡重和所有的机构等均装在转台上,并与转台一起回转塔式起重机。它的特点是重心低、稳定性好、塔身受力较有利。因平衡重放在下部,能做到自行架设,整体搬运。(上图为拍摄的旋转机构)然后我们又参观了机身的标准节如此近距离的观察我们感觉收获很大,而且张科长给我讲解了一些细节布置及其原因如钢材的选择、内部的焊接的加固钢、机身连接处的处理等,感觉机身设计真的很科学既保证了强度又尽量节省了钢材才。(上图是我们拍摄的标准节)接下来我们来的了正在工作的塔机下,仔细的观察塔机线路的走向。塔式起重机金属结构部分由:塔身、塔头或塔帽、起重臂架、平衡臂架、回转支承架、底架、台车架等主要部件组成。一般来说塔机按各部分的功能可以分为:基础、塔身、顶升、回转、起升、平衡臂、起重臂、起重小车、塔顶、司机室、变幅等部分。任何一台塔式起重机,不论其技术性能还是构造上有什么差异,总可以将其分解为金属结构、工作机构和驱动控制系统三部分。并了解起起升机构的原理 。(上图为拍摄的塔机)并在张科长的带领下看了他们厂起升机构所用的电机。(起升机构所用电机)最后我们来到了内车间看见了变幅机构。按照塔机变幅方式不同,可分为动臂变幅,小车变幅与综合变幅塔式起重机; 动臂变幅塔式起重机是指通过臂架俯仰运动进行变幅的塔式起重机。幅度的改变是利用变幅卷扬机和变幅滑轮组系统来实现的,优点是臂架受力状态良好,自重较轻。 小车变幅式塔式起重机是指通过起重小车沿起重臂运行进行变幅的塔式起重机。这类塔机的起重臂架始终处于水平位置,变幅小车悬挂于臂架下弦杆上,两端分别和变幅卷扬机和钢丝绳连接。综合变幅塔式起重机是指根据作业的需要臂架可以弯折的塔式起重机。它同时具备动臂变幅和小车变幅的功能,从而在起升高度与幅度上弥补了上述两种塔式起重机使用范围的局限性。(上图为变幅小车)( 变幅电动机及机身固定处)最后我们看到了厂子里新产品无塔帽塔式起重机,这种新型的塔式起重机可以用于多机同时作业,应用前景很大。下图是我们拍摄的新型塔机(无塔帽式塔机)实习结果塔式起重机,又称“塔机”或“塔吊” ,是工业与民用建筑施工中,完成预制构件及其他建筑材料与工具等吊装工作的一种起重设备,是常见的建筑机械之一,因样子像铁塔一样,因而得名为“塔式起重机” 。塔式起重机塔式起重机塔式起重机塔式起重机的的的的型号及表示方法型号及表示方法型号及表示方法型号及表示方法 通过这按国家标准分类,塔式起重机的型号标准是 QT,其中的“Q”就代表的是“起重机” , “T”代表的是“塔式”的。一般国内的标准称号都是这样子的,当然,由于我们国家学习德国利渤海尔和法国波坦的技术制造塔式起重机,有的厂家也按国外的编码法则来定义型号名称。 根据建设部 ZBJ04008-88建筑机械与设备产品型号编制方法的规定,塔式起重机的型号组成如下: QTZ 80H QTZ-组、型、特性代号 80-最大起重力矩(kNm) H-更新、变型代号 塔式起重机是起(Q)重机大类的塔(T)式起重机组,故前两个字母为 QT;特征代号看你强调什么特征,如快装式用 K,自升式用 Z,固定式用 G,下回转式用 X 等等。 例如有: QTZ 上回转自升式塔式起重机 QTX 下回转式塔式起重机 QTK 快速安装式塔式起重机 QTP 内爬升式塔式起重机 QTG 固定式塔式起重机 QTQ 汽车式塔式起重机 QTL 轮胎式塔式起重机 QTU 履带式塔式起重机 另外,现在有的塔机厂家,根据国外标准,用塔机最大臂长(m)与臂端(最大幅度)处所能吊起的额定重量(KN)两个主参数来标记塔机的型号,这个数据往往更能明确表达一台塔机的工作能力。次毕业实习,我发收获很大看到了老式起重机和新型起重机,感觉技术不断创新改革会使塔式起重机的发展逐步完善。但这次实习我发现塔式起重机具有一定的危险性属于事故多发性的机种之一。所以安全装置是塔式起重机必不可少的关键设备,其作用是避免由于误操作或违章操作等所致的恶果。例如因超载而引起的倒塔,塔身弯折;因夹轨器失灵,使塔式起重机在大风作用下走至轨道尽头遇到挡板而翻车等重大事故。常用的安全装置有:起升高度限位器,起重量限制器,幅度指示器,起重力矩限制器,夹轨器,锚定装置以及各种行程限位开关等。并且塔式起重机的安装和操作要严格按照安全规程来进行。实习总结毕业实习是大学教育中一个极为重要的实践性教学环节。因为毕业设计做的是塔式起重机,所以我和同组的同学在指导老师的带领下来到太原工程机械厂,因为厂里的塔式起重机很多,可以近距离的观察。通过这几天的实习,我对塔式起重机有了一个比较感性和直观的认识。第一次对塔式起重机有了具体的概念感,以前也看到一些塔式起重机,但由于观看距离较远从没有认真观察过。对于塔式起重机的印象基本上只停留在课本上几个简单的图片上。通过本次实习,使我在实际生活中接触与塔式起重机相关的知识,增强感性认识,对塔式起重机有了一个相对全面的基本认识,培养和锻炼我综合运用课本所学的基础理论、基本技能和专业知识,去独立分析和解决
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本文标题:QTZ125塔式起重机总体 臂架、变幅机构设计(63m吊臂)【12张CAD图纸和说明书】
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