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石材立式球磨机设计【全套21张CAD图纸和毕业答辩论文】

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石材 立式 球磨机 设计 全套 cad 图纸 以及 毕业 答辩 论文
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摘  要

本次设计是对石材立式球磨机的设计。在这里主要包括:传动系统的设计、装夹部位系统的设计、球磨机主轴部位系统的设计这次毕业设计对设计工作的基本技能的训练,提高了分析和解决工程技术问题的能力,并为进行一般机械的设计创造了一定条件。

整机结构主要由电动机产生动力通过联轴器将需要的动力传递到丝杆上,丝杆带动丝杆螺母,从而带动整机运动,提高劳动生产率和生产自动化水平。更显示其优越性,有着广阔的发展前途。

本论文研究内容:

(1) 石材立式球磨机总体结构设计。

(2) 石材立式球磨机工作性能分析。

(3)电动机的选择。

(4) 石材立式球磨机的传动系统、执行部件及机架设计。

(5)对设计零件进行设计计算分析和校核。

 (6)绘制整机装配图及重要部件装配图和设计零件的零件图。 


关键词:石材立式球磨机, 联轴器,滚珠丝杠  



Abstract

This design is the design of vertical mill stone. Here mainly include: design, drive system design, parts of the clamping system of ball mill main part of the system design of the graduation design on the design of the basic skills training, enhancing the analysis and to solve engineering problems, and create a certain condition for general mechanical design.

The structure is mainly produced by the motor power through the coupling will need to transfer the power to the screw rod, the screw rod drives the screw rod nut, thereby driving the movement, improve labor productivity and automation level of production. But also show its superiority, there are broad prospects for the development.

The research of this thesis:

(1) the overall structure of stone vertical mill design.

(2) performance analysis of vertical mill stone.

(3) the choice of motor.

(4) transmission system, execution unit and frame design of stone vertical mill.

(5) the design of components for the design calculation and check.

(6) to draw the assembly drawing and parts assembly diagram and parts diagram design.



Keywords: coupling stone, vertical mill, ball screw


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目  录

摘  要 II

Abstract III

目  录 IV

第1章 绪论 1

1.1异型石材的分类 1

1.1.1异型石材的分类 1

1.1.2按加工方法分 1

1.1.3按截面尺寸分 1

1.2异形石材的装饰效果 2

1.3异形石材加工的损耗介绍 2

1.4石材加工机械分类 3

1.5国内异形石材加工机械设备现状与发展 4

第2章 石材立式球磨机总体结构设计 1

2.1 石材立式球磨机的构成 1

2.2 球磨机磨削部分计算 1

2.2.1  同步带计算选型 1

2.2.2  同步带的主要参数(结构部分) 4

2.2.3  同步带的设计 6

2.2.4  同步带轮的设计 7

第3章  主轴组件要求与设计计算 9

3.1  主轴的基本要求 9

3.1.1  旋转精度 9

3.1.2  刚度 9

3.1.3  抗振性 10

3.1.4  温升和热变形 10

3.1.5  耐磨性 11

3.2 主轴组件的布局 11

3.3 主轴结构的初步拟定 14

3.4 主轴的材料与热处理 14

3.5 主轴的技术要求 15

3.6  主轴直径的选择 15

3.7 主轴前后轴承的选择 16

3.8  轴承的选型及校核 17

3.9  主轴前端悬伸量 19

3.10  主轴支承跨距 20

3.11  主轴结构图 21

3.12  主轴组件的验算 21

3.12.1  支承的简化 21

3.12.2  主轴的挠度 22

3.12.3  主轴倾角 23

第4章 X结构及传动设计 24

4.1 X向滚珠丝杆副的选择 25

4.1.1导程确定 25

4.1.2确定丝杆的等效转速 25

4.1.3估计工作台质量及负重 25

4.1.4确定丝杆的等效负载 25

4.1.5确定丝杆所受的最大动载荷 26

4.1.6精度的选择 27

4.1.7选择滚珠丝杆型号 27

4.2校核 28

4.2.1 临界压缩负荷验证 28

4.2.2临界转速验证 29

4.2.3丝杆拉压振动与扭转振动的固有频率 30

4.3电机的选择 30

4.3.1电机轴的转动惯量 31

4.3.2电机扭矩计算 32

第5章 Y向结构设计 34

5.1 Y轴滚动导轨副的计算和选择 34

5.2 滚珠丝杠计算和选择 35

5.3 步进电机惯性负载的计算 38

第6章  Z轴机械结构设计 41

6.1 确定脉冲当量 41

6.2滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算和选型 41

6.2.1 精度的选择 41

6.2.2丝杠导程的确定 41

6.2.3 最大工作载荷的计算 41

6.2.4 最大动载荷的计算 42

6.2.5 滚珠丝杠螺母副的选型 43

6.2.6 滚珠丝杠副的支承方式 43

6.2.7 传动效率的计算 44

6.2.8 刚度的验算 44

6.2.9 稳定性校核 45

6.2.10 临界转速的验证 46

6.3 步进电动机的选择 46

6.4 丝杠轴的校核 49

6.5 键的校核 50

6.6 轴承的校核 50

6.7  直线滚动导轨副的计算和选择 52

第7章  减速器机构的设计 55

7.1电机选择 55

7.1.1  计算输出轴的转矩 55

7.1.2  确定各轴传动比 57

7.1.3  传动装置的运动和动力参数 57

7.2齿轮设计与计算 59

7.2.1高速级齿轮设计与计算 59

7.2.2  低速级齿轮设计与计算 64

7.3 轴的设计与计算 68

7.3.1输入轴的设计与计算 68

7.3.2  中间轴的设计与计算 71

7.3.3输出轴的设计与计算 74

7.4 轴承的校核 76

7.4.1  输入轴上轴承寿命计算 76

7.4.2  中间轴上轴承寿命计算 77

7.4.3  输出轴上轴承寿命计算 78

7.5 键的选择和校核 80

7.5.1键的选择 80

7.5.2键的校核 80

结论 82

参考文献 83

致 谢 85




第1章 绪论

所谓异型石材:广泛的说,为除了石头板材(平板)以外的所有的其他的石材制成品,比如说是路沿石、柱子、柱头、雕刻、线条、台阶、台面、拱门、窗台、门框、石凳、石桌、洗手盆、车止石等等。

1.1异型石材的分类

1.1.1异型石材的分类

从大的分类可分为天然异型石材,人造石异型石材。从制作工艺分类由于异型石材制品可以指除了石头平板材以外的所有的石材制成品,所以其种类非常的繁多,分类也很多。

1.1.2按加工方法分

1).立体异型石材产品:包括立体的人像、动物、抽象、以及其他题材或造型的石雕品, 平面浮雕,带雕刻的柱子、柱头、柱座,雕刻家具,栏杆扶手,石头壁炉,花盆花瓶,墓碑,喷泉,带雕刻的窗套门套,工艺品等等。可以是规则的对称产品,也可 以是不规则的非对称产品。其中立体类的异型石材的加工方式主要方式是:劈、剁、磨、铲、凿、钻等,并可以是通过手工加工完成,或是采用机械化加工来实现。 

2).平面异型石材产品:如像是厨卫的台面板,常规的石材线条,水刀拼花板材,工作台面板和桌面,常规的路沿石,拐 角等等,其形状可以是对称的,也可以是不对称的。平面型的异型石材其加工相对来说比较简单,主要通过切、磨、抛光等简单的加工工序就能生产出来;其主要是 由机器加工完成的。

3).曲面板材产品:比如弧型板、圆柱、规则弧度的曲线线条等,其形状基本是对称的。曲面异型石材的加工也是相对来 说比较简单(会比平面异型石材难度大些),主要通过切、磨、抛等简单加工完成,但是其设备教先进,是专门用来加工曲线截面的(比如说金刚石绳锯),其主要 也是由机器加工完成的。

1.1.3按截面尺寸分

1).等截面异形产品:即无论主体的形状及其截面的是怎样的,按柱体轴线的垂直面来剖开,其所得的各截面图是相同的,即为等截面异形石材。等截面异形石材是一种对称的异型石材。 

2).非等截面异形产品:是指无论主体的形状及其截面的是怎样的,如果按柱体轴线的垂直面来剖开,其所得的各截面图是并没有处处相同的,则是非等截面异形石材。非等截面异形石材是非对称异型石材,其主要是有着复杂结构的石材产品。 

3.此外还有其他的一些分类方法。


内容简介:
附录附录 1英文原文:High-speed cutting processing in mold manufacture applicationA.J.G. Nuttall *, G. LodewijksAbstractThe current mold application is widespread, also had the very big development with it related die making technology. At present, used the high-speed cutting production mold already to become the die making the general trend. In some mold Manufacturer, the high speed engine bed big area substitution electrical discharge machine, the high-speed cutting production mold already gradually became the die making the general trend. It can improve molds size, the shape and the surface roughness, reduces even omits the manual sharpening, thus reduces production cost and the reduction manufacturing cycle. This article through to the traditional mold processing craft and the high speed mold processing crafts contrast, elaborated the high-speed cutting processing superiority. In the article also briefly introduced the high-speed cutting processing in the processing craft aspect key technologies.Keywords High-speed cutting Grinding tool Grinding tool processing Process technology1 Introduction1.1 IntroductionAlong with the advance in technology and the industry swift development, the mold already became in the industrial production to use the extremely widespread main craft to equip now. The mold takes the important craft equipment, in Industry sectors and so on consumable, electric appliance electron, automobile, airplane manufacture holds the pivotal status. The manufactured products components rough machining 75%, the precision work 50% and the plastic parts 90% will complete by the mold. At present the Chinese mold market demand has reached 50,000,000,000 Yuan scales, our country die making market potential is huge. The mold is one kind of special-purpose tool, uses in forming () each metal or the nonmetallic material needs the components the shape product, this kind of special-purpose tool general designation mold. The mold is in the industrial production the most foundation equipment, is realizes the few cuttings and the non-cutting essential tool. The mold has widely used in the industrial production each domain, like the automobile, the motorcycle, the domestic electric appliances, the instrument, the measuring appliance, the electron and so on, in them 60%80% components need the mold to carry on the manufacture; The highly effective production in enormous quantitiess, bolt, nut and gasket standard letters and so on plastic also need the mold to produce; The engineering plastics, the powder metallurgy, the rubber, the alloy compression casting, the glass formation and so on need to use the mold to take shape.1.2 High-speed cutting process technologyAs the name suggests, the high-speed cutting, first is the high speed, namely must have the high spindle speed, for instance 12000r/min, 18000r/min, 30000r/min, 40000r/min, even also had a higher rotational speed still in the experiment; On the other hand, should also have the bigger to feed quantity, like 30000mm/min, 40000mm/min, even 60000mm/min; Has is after again the rapid traverse, trades fast the knife, the main axle trade the knife, from the static state arrives its needs rotational speed rise time and so on, only then achieved the above standards to be able to call it high speed.Next is must aim at the different processing object, the different degree of hardness, the different material quality, the different shape to choose the corresponding reasonable parameter, but cannot pursue constantly to be high speed and be high speed, regarding the die space processing, the shape is specially complex, but the cutting tool diameter is also small time, because cutting tools path is not the simple translation, but is the curve, even has right angle corner time, technological parameter rational especially important, if because wants to maintain the identical feed rate carries on the orthogonal cutting, will not be able to do well will cause as a result of the engine bed moving parts huge inertia the cutting tool will make when the bend angle movement to break suddenly, but the variable motion can, becauseMovements and so on acceleration and deceleration create the thickness of cutting the instantaneous change, but causes the cutter change to enable the work piece surface to have cuts, from this causes the processing drop in quality, therefore, in view of the different processing object, needs the programmers to choose the reasonable cutting tool path, optimized cutting parameter; On the other hand, according to needs to choose the suitable cutting velocity, only then can display the high-speed cutting truly like the strong point.The high-speed cutting (HSC) is an advanced technique of manufacture which for the past ten years rapidly rises. Because the high-speed cutting technology has the cutting efficiency to be high, the processing quality high, can process the hard steel stock and the good efficiency directly, causes profession and so on aviation, mold, automobile, light industry and information production efficiencies and the manufacture quality obviously enhances, and causes the processing craft and the equipment corresponding renewal. Therefore is similar to the numerical control technology is the same, the high-speed cutting and the high speed processing have become in the 21st century a machine-building industry influence profound technological revolution. At present, adapts the HSC request high speed machining center and other high speed numerically-controlled machine tool has assumed the popularization tendency in the developed country, our country recently is also speeding up the development.The high-speed cutting processing is faces for the 21st century a high technology and new technology, it is one kind is different with the traditional processing processing way. Compares with it, the high-speed cutting processing main axle rotational speed high, cuts high for the speed, the cutting quantity is small, but in the unit time material excises the quantity to increase 3 6 times actually. It take the high efficiency, the high accuracy and the high surface quality as the basic characteristic, in profession and so on in automobile industry, aerospace, mold manufacture and instrument measuring appliance has obtained the increasingly widespread application, and has obtained the significant technology economic efficiency, is the contemporary advanced manufacture technology important constituent. When with traditional way processing mold, often uses the electric spark machining, but the electrode design and makes itself is the technological process which time-consuming takes the trouble. But after uses the high-speed cutting processing, because the narrow and small region processing realization and the high grade superficial result, let the electrode the utilization ratio reduce greatly. Moreover, makes the electrode with the high speed mill also to be possible to make the production efficiency to enhance to a new scale. The major part mold may use the high-speed cutting technology to process, like the forging die, the compression casting mold, cast with the blow molding mold and so on. Hammers the cavity body shallowly, the cutting tool life is long; Compression casting mold size moderate, the productivity is high; Casts with the blow molding mold general size small, quite is economical. 2 the high-speed cutting processing mold relative tradition processes the mold the superiority 2.1 Enhances the productivity In the high-speed cutting the main axle rotational speed and enters for the speed enhancement, may enhance material removing rate. At the same time, thehigh-speed cutting may process the hard components, a many Cmmponents attipe clamps may complete thick, half essence and the precision work and so on the complete working procedure, also may meet the components surface quality requirements directly to the complex profile processing, therefore, the high-speed cutting craft often may save the electric spark Machining, manually rub repairs and so on the working procedure, reduces the craft route, then enhances the processing productivity greatly. The high-speed cutting processing permission use big to feed rate, enhances 510 times compared to the convention machining, the unit interval/unit time material excision rate may enhance 36 times, the process period may reduce greatly. This may use in processing needs to excise the metal massively the components, specially has the very vital significance regarding the aviation industry.2.2 Improvement processing precishon and surface qualhty The high rpeed engine bed must have high performance and so on rigidity and high accuracy, at the same time because cutting force low, the work piece thermal deformation reduces, the cutting tool distorts slightly, the high-speed cutting processing precision Is very high. Depth of cut small, but enters for the speed quickly, the processing surface roughness is very small, cuts when the aluminum alloy may reach Ra0.4 0.6, when cutting steel stock may reach Ra0.2 0.4.Compares with the conventional cutting, when high-speed cutting processing the cutting force may reduce 30% at least, this may reduce the processing regarding the processing rigidity bad components to distort, causes some thin wall class fine work piece the machining into possible. Because revolves high speed time the cutting tool cuts the excitation frequency is far away from the craft systems forced oscillation, has guaranteed the good processing condition. Because the cutting force is too small, cut the hot influence to be small, causes the cutting tool, the work piece distortion to be small, maintained the size accuracy, moreover also caused the friction between the cutting tool work piece changes is small, the cutting destruction level thinned, the residual stress was small, has realized the high accuracy, the low roughness processing.2.3 The reduced cutting produces quantity of heat Because the high-speed cutting processing is the shallow cutting, simultaneously the feed rate is very quick, the knife edge and the work piece contact length and the contact duration were short, reduced the knife edge and the work piece heat conduction, has avoided when the traditional processing met everywhere in the cutting tool and the work piece to have the big calorimetry shortcoming, guaranteed that the cutting tool worked under the temperature not high condition, lengthened cutting tools service life. As shown in Figure 1, A is time the high-speed cutting processing heat conduction process, B is the traditional processing heat conduction process. Fig.1 high speed processing and traditional processing heat conduction The high-speed cutting processing process is extremely rapid, 95% above cutting quantity of heat are extremely few, components not because the temperature rise will cause the warp or the inflation distortion. The high-speed cutting is suitable specially for the processing easy thermal deformation components. Is low regarding the processing melting point the metal which, easy to oxidize (for example magnesium), the high-speed cutting has certain significance.2.4 advantageoued in the processing thin wall components Time high-speed cuttings cutting force is small, has the high stability, but the high quality processes the thin wall components. Uses as shown in Figure 2 the lamination down milling the processing method, but high-speed cutting wall thickness 0.2mm, wall high 20mm thin wall components. This time, the knife edge and the work piece contact duration was short, has avoided the sidewall distortion.Figure.2 high-speed cutting thin wall components2.5 change the part substitutes certain crafts, like electric spark machining, abrasive machining and so onHigh strength and the high degree of hardnesss processing is also a high-speed cutting major characteristic, at present, the high-speed cutting has been possible the work hardness to reach HRC60 the components, therefore, the high-speed cutting can process after the heat treatment hardens the work piece. In the tradition processes in molds craft, before the precision work, hardens the work piece after the heat treatment to carry on the electric spark machining, may omit in the die making craft with the high-speed cutting processing substitution tradition cuttings processing method the electric spark machining, simplified the processing craft and the cost of investment.the molds size, the shape and the surface roughness are very important, if after processing the mold cannot meet the requirements the quality precision, needs the massive handworks to rub repairs the work, the handwork rubs repairs can obtain the good surface quality, but it will affect molds size and the shape precision. Therefore must omit as far as possible in the mold processing rubs manually repairs, improves the mold quality, reduces the production cost and the manufacturing cycle.Figure 3 is the traditional mold processing process: The semifinished materials - rough machining - semi-finishing - heat treatment hardens - the electric spark machining - precision work - to rub manually repairs. Figure 4 is the high speed mold processing process: Hardened semifinished materials - rough machining - semi-finishing - precision work.Figure.3 the traditional mold processes processFigure 4 the high speed mold processes processin Figure 4, in the high speed mold machining process reduced two technological processes, probably reduces the process period 30%50%. In the traditional processing crafts electric spark machining forms the hardened level easily in the melting processing surface layer, degree of hardness may reach 1000Hv, brings the difficulty for the following machining and the abrasive machining. The electric spark machining also easy to cause the surface layer fatigue cracking and cutting tools breakage.2.6 Economic efficiency remarkable enhancementSynthesis above all sorts of merits, namely: The comprehensive efficiency will improve, the quality enhances, the working procedure simplifies, the engine bed investment and the cutting tool investment as well as the maintenance cost increase and so on, will use the high-speed cutting craft to cause the synthesis economic efficiency remarkable enhancement. 3 high-speed cutting processing craft essential technologyThe high speed engine bed and the high speed cutter are the realization high-speed cutting premise and the basic condition, has the strict request in the high-speed cutting processing to the high speed engine bed performance and the cutting tool material choice. In order to realize the high-speed cutting processing, uses the high flexible high speed numerical control engine bed, the processing center generally, also some use special-purpose high speed mills, drilling machine. At the same time the engine bed has the high speed main axle to be systematic and the high rapid advance or progress gives the system, the high main axle rigidity characteristic, the high accuracy localization function and the high accuracy insert makes up the function, specially the circular arc high accuracy inserts makes up the function. The high-speed cutting cutting tool and ordinary processes the cutting tool the material to have is very greatly different. The main use cutting tool material has the hard alloy, the crystal combination diamond (PCD), the crystal combination cube boron nitride (PCBN) and the ceramics and so on. The high-speed cutting craft technology also is carries on the high-speed cutting processing the key. The cutting method chooses is improper, can make the cutting tool to intensify the attrition, cannot achieve the high speed processing completely the goal. The practice proved, if only then the high speed engine bed and the cutting tool but do not have the good craft technology to make the instruction, the expensive high-speed cutting processing equipment cannot fully play the role. The high-speed cutting processing craft essential technology mainly includes the cutting method and the cutting parameter choice optimization. a. Cutting way choise In the high-speed cutting processing, should select the down milling processing as far as possible, because in down milling time, the cutting tool just cut into the thickness of chip which the work piece produces to a big way, afterward reduces gradually. When up milling, the cutting tool just cut into the thickness of chip which the work piece produces to be smallest, afterward the accumulation, increased the cutting tool and the work piece friction like this gradually, has the big calorimetry on the knife edge, therefore produces in the up milling quantity of heat when down milling are more than, the radial force also greatly increases. Meanwhile in the down milling, the knife edge main compression stress, but when the up milling the knife edge tension stress, the stressful condition is bad, reduced cutting tools service life, the down milling and the up milling the cutting tool cuts into the work piece the process, as shown in Figure 5. Figure.5 the cutting tool cuts into the work piece the process hintb. Maintains constant metal removing rate The high-speed cutting processing is shallowly suitable for shallowly to cut the depth, the depth of cut should not surpass 0.2/ 0.2mm (ae/Ap), this is for avoids the cutting tool the position deviation, guarantees processes the mold the geometry precision. Maintains constant metal removing rate, guaranteed adds on the work piece the cutting load is constant, by obtains following several good processing effect: (1) may maintain constant cutting load; (2) may maintain the scrap size constant; (3) has the good hot shift; (4) the cutting tool and the work piece maintain at the cold condition; (5) does not need skilled to operate for the quantity and the main axle rotational speed; (6) may lengthen the cutting tool the life; (7) can guarantee the good processing quality and so on. c.choi
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本文标题:石材立式球磨机设计【全套21张CAD图纸和毕业答辩论文】
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