2005年工程硕士考研辅导

2005 年 GCT 工硕英语考前复习指导词汇部分大纲词汇要求：1 领会式掌握 4250 个英语单词和 500 个常用词组；2 复用式掌握 1800 个左右的常用英语单词和 200 个常用词组；3 掌握一定数量的常用词缀，并能根据构词法和语境意思识别常见的派生词。词汇部分的考试形式及重点：形式：单句选择填空，要求考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填入空格中。题量共有 5道，每道题 2 分，共 10 分。重点：是对名词、动词、形容词、短语及固定搭配的判断和理解，其中包括区分同义词、近义词、反义词等。如：In order to _ your goals, you must work hard.A. make B. achieve C. require D. developAs they cant afford to let the situation get worse, they will take some necessary _.A. decisions B. sides C. directions D. stepsThe first, second, and third prizes went to Jack, Tom and Harry _.A. equally B. differently C. similarly D. respectivelyIII. 单词记忆方法：a. 通过阅读记单词b. 通过做练习题记单词c. 通过联想方式记单词: 邻近联想:lightening-thunder-storm; winter-freeze- snow-frost; spring-blossom-awake; 类比联想: result-effect-impact; because of, on account of, due to; 对比联想: stupid-clever-smart; advance-backward 等.。d. 分类记忆单词：根据单词的词性、词义、读音等方式将单词分类。如按意义分类：vehicle, truck, jeep, taxi 等。按单词词性分类：reduce, decline, decrease, fall, drop 等。e. 掌握构词法：如，前缀、后缀、词根。前缀：anti- 反、抗 anti-warAuto- 自 Automobilebi- 双 Bicyclebio- 生命，生物 Biologyco-, col-, com-,con-, cor共同 cooperate coordinate colleaguede- 除去，否定；离开decrease delete di-, dif-, dis- 无，不，相反 disappear discharge discount discourage discover2en-, em- 使成为 enable encourage enforce enlarge entitleex- 前；向外 exchange exclaim exclude express exportextra- 外 extraordinaryil-, im-, in-, ir- 不，非 illegal impossible incorrectim-， in- 进入 import invadeinter- 间，相互 Interact interviewkilo- 千 kilogram kilometermid- 中 midday midnightMini- 小 minimummis- 误 misunderstand misleadmono- 单一 monologue multi- 多 multiple multiplynon- 非，不 nonsenseover- 过度，太；外 overflow overcoat post- 后于 postgraduatepre- 先于 prescribe prescriptionre- 再 react reaction recall recover recycle reform refresh repay renew replace reserve restore retreatsub- 下，次 subsequent substitute subwaysuper- 上，超 supermarket tele- 远 telegram telephone telescope television trans- 横贯，转移 transform transport transportation transmittri- 三 triangle un- 不，无 unforgettable unfair uneasy unfortunately unfortunate unlike unusualunder- 在下，次 underground undergraduatevice- 副 vice-president名词后缀：-an-ian人 Arabian Asian Australian Canadian Christian Italian musician librarian physician politician Russian technician-ee 人（被动） employee refugee-er-or人 daughter owner lawyer trainer barber butcher singer carrier actor ancestor bachelor conductor director senator operator sponsor writer-ant-ent人 assistant correspondent immigrant-ist 人，主义者 activist artist novelist nationalist physicist psychologist tourist -ance-ence性质，状态 acceptance acquaintance allowance appearance appliance conscience resistance insurance nuisance-age 状态，集合表示行为、状态voyage advantage baggage courage garbage shortage luggage -al 构成抽象名词， approval arrival interval removal2005 工程硕士辅导 水木艾迪培训学校 电话 3 -cion-sion tion动作，状态 comprehension depression desperation invention invasion modernization permission possession suspicion tension transmission industrialization-hood 身份，性质，时代childhood neighborhood-ing 行动，行业，的being beginning ending spelling-ity 抽象名词 curiosity personality reality -ment 运动 agreement appointment argument arrangement monument movement parliament payment replacement requirement settlement treatment-ness 性质，状态 goodness illness -ology 学科 psychology technology-ship 状态，性质 friendship hardship leadership membership ownership relationship scholarship-th 结果，过程 truth warmth width-ty 抽象名词 liberty specialty动词后缀：-en 做，使，成为，使变成fasten harden lengthen loosen threaten widen weaken strengthen-ify 化，使成为，变成clarify identify justify qualify specify -ize 化，照样子做characterize specialize industrialize civilize realize 形容词后缀：-able, -ible, -ble能够，值得acceptable available comparable favorable honorable liable noticeable reliable responsible unbelievable-al 的，行为，人，物annual casual classical continual conventional critical experimental identical optional-ed 的 accustomed advanced ashamed beloved complicated crowded learned limited naked situated-en 做，使，的，人golden harden hasten loosen weaken wooden woolen-ful 的 doubtful colorful faithful fearful fruitful grateful hopeful peaceful plentiful thoughtful-ic， ical 的，人，学academic artistic economic electronic heroic optimistic organic systematic practical statistical-ish 的，有性质的selfish British -ive 的，人，物 active comparative collective creative relative protective4-less 无的，不的careless endless helpless hopeless restless worthless -like 如的 childlike-ly 的，地 deadly elderly monthly weekly yearly-ous，-ious的 ambitious anxious cautious curious dangerous delicious famous glorious religious suspicious-y 的，人，物 rainy noisy dirty greedy sunny wealthy slippery副词后缀：-ly basically definitely directly especially eventually evidently extremely fairly finally fortunately generally hardly highly increasingly largely mainly merely mostly namely naturally nearly necessarily normally obviously particularly partly possibly practically presently probably rarely readily really repeatedly respectively scarcely shortly simply specifically truly usually virtually wholly-ward(s) forward backwards inward outward-wise otherwise常见词根：词根 意思 举例ag 做，动作 agent agenda agencyaudi， audit 听 audience audio ced，cess，ceed 走 proceed exceed process succession succeed successive centr 中心 center centraldic， dict 说 dictate dictation dictionary contradiction predictduct 引导 conduct educate introduce produce reducefac fact 做 fact factor factory manufacture manufacturerfer 拿 conference differ different difference offer prefer refer suffer transferfin 末尾，界限final finish finegen gener 出生，种类genius generate generalgrad 步 grade gradual graduate undergraduategraph 写 geography photographject 投掷 inject injection reject project subjectlect 选 collect elect neglect selectpos，posit 放 compose deposit expose oppose propose suppose sist 站立 assist consist exist insist resist persistspect 看 expect inspect respect prospectst， stat 站立 state station stay distance constant obstacle restTain 握，持 contain obtain retainVen vent 来 event invent prevent2005 工程硕士辅导 水木艾迪培训学校 电话 5 -Vis 看 advise evident provide revise supervise vision visible visitIV. 四种命题方式：1近形词题目：考单词辨认、近形词辨认的能力。如：The problem is caused _ by a lack of money.A. prominently B. profoundly C. primarily D. proportionallyThe new director of the television station wants to _ its program.A. divide B. decide C. diversify D. divert2 近义词题：词义相近、用法不同。如：Generally _, that city is less crowded than the others in the same state.A. talking B. speaking C. saying D. tellingIn the big flood, only 20 % of the people in that village _.A. remained B. stayed C. lived D. survived3 语境词汇题：根据单词所处的具体语言环境，确定正确选项。In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that span upwards and fell back to earth as _ ceased.A. rotation B. suspension C. emission D. motivationAs a good photographer, you must develop an awareness of the world around you and the people who _ it. A. innovate B. inhabit C. integrate D. inherit4 固定搭配：动词与介词或副词的搭配，形容词与名词的搭配等。Not all persons arrested and _ with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law.A. sentenced B. accused C persecuted D chargedIf you are a member of a club, you must _ to the rules of that club.A. conform B. appeal C. refer D. accessV. 词汇部分的主要词类及要点在词汇考试中，考生应该重视主要词性及其要点，如名词、动词、形容词和副词。名词：名词是词汇考试的一个重要组成部分；考生应注意名词在不同的语境中所体现的不同含义和用法，同时需通过练习熟悉这批名词，以及了解名词的外延和内涵和一定量的同义词。1、除了英语本族语及少量外来语等拼写简单的名词外，名词多数是由希腊及拉丁词根6加上前缀、后缀构成。大量的名词后缀是表示性质、状态和行为的。参见 III. e. 掌握构词法之名词后缀及成绩词根。2）名词的复数(1) 以-f 结尾的名词，构成复数时只加-s，如：cliffs（悬崖） gulfs（海湾）proofs（证据）safes（保险箱） 有些-f 结尾的名词可有两种复数形式。如：dwarfdwarfsdwarves（侏儒） hoofhoofshooves（蹄）(2) 源自拉丁语、希腊语及法语的一部分外来词的复数形式仍然保留不变。1）来自拉丁语的：stratum / starta（地层） larva / larvae（昆虫的幼虫） stimulus / stimuli（刺激） bacterium / bacteria（细菌）2）来自希腊语的：analysis / analyses（分析） hypothesis / hypotheses（假设）synopsis / synopses（概要，大意） thesis / theses（论文，论题）criterion / criteria （标准） phenomenon / phenomena（现象）(3) 一些外来词兼有原有复数形式和英语规则复数形式。外来词 原有复数形式 英语规则复数形式syllabus（拉） syllabi syllabuses（大纲, 课程表）medium （拉） media mediums（媒体）symposium（拉） symposia symposiums（研讨会）(4) 复合名词的复数形式1）daughter-in-law / daughters-in-law（儿媳） 2）looker-on / lookers-on（旁观者） 3）stand-by / stand-bys（可依靠的人或物） (5) 一些名词的单复数意义不同。anxiety（焦虑）/ anxieties （令人忧虑之事）security（安全）/ securities（证券，债券） kindness （善意）/ kindnesses（善行）(6) 有些名词的复数形式兼有单数形式的意义和新的意义。 letter 字母；信 letters 字母；信 / 文学，学问manner 方式，方法 manners 方式，方法 / 礼貌pain 痛 pains 痛 / 努力colour 颜色 colours 颜色 / 军旗名词练习：1. With more terrorist attacks and a war against Iraq on the horizon, the top _ for NATO isnt enlargement, but transformation: in the post-Sept.11 world, what exactly is 2005 工程硕士辅导 水木艾迪培训学校 电话 7 -NATO for?A. secret B. priority C. minority D. majority2. The Germans have agreed to take the _ in putting together a group of European countries to lease large transport planes before Europes own Airbus A400M can be made around 2009.A. lead B. leader C. leadership D. led3. There are far more hospitable places than the Red Cross _center in Sangatte, in northern France, a stinking hangar crammed with over 1,600 asylum seekers and surrounded by police and a high wire fence.A. refugee B. immigrant C. emigrant D. braggart 4. When the _ police finally moved into the church, the migrants did not fight but filed obediently into buses waiting to ferry them to local police stations.A. primitive B. savage C. riot D. barbarian5. In press conferences and on TV talk shows, Gore has attacked not just the presidential _, but most members of the current government.A. cabinet B. ministers C. officials D. executive.6. The book was declared to be a/an _ to the community by the angry local people.A. offender B. officer C. offense D. guidance 7. There are few tanks better armored these days than most celebrities, who are fully prepared to defend themselves from all _ of the public to see any side of them but the faces they want the public to see. A. attention B. temptation C. perception D. attempts8. Because Twains songs are aimed at a mass audience, they are built with the same focus on and inoffensiveness as a political_.A. marshal B. election C. campaign D. hierarchy9. The movie Fellowship turned out to be the second highest grossing film of 2001 and was honored with 13 Oscar _, including Best Picture.A. awards B. nominations C. nominators D. dominoes 10. I have got an autographed photo from Robert Lange, producer of seven of the 100 best selling _ of all time in MTV. A. volumes B. DVDs C. records D. albums动词: 动词的测试重点：1) 动词的认知能力和辨别能力； 2) 动词的用法； 3) 动词的搭配关系。在考试大纲的词汇表中，约有五分之一是动词。因此，掌握好这批词汇直接关系到考试成绩。1. As a result, they had to _ answering their letter by three days.A. decide B. refrainC. surpass D. delay2. The diplomatic relations between the tow countries have _.A. ticked away B. gone outC. broken off D. rung up81) 动词不规则词型变化有一定数量的动词，其过去时和过去分词与原形不同。这部分词汇在测试中起到较强的干扰作用。在 4000 多词汇中类似动词较多，以下仅举部分例子：动词原形 过去时 过去分词abide 遵守 abode, abided abode, abidedarise 升起 arose arisenawake 唤醒 awoke awoke, awakenbid 表示 bade, bid bidden bidbreed 繁殖 bred bredcast 投、掷 cast castcreep 爬 crept creptdwell 留居 dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelledforbid 禁止 forbade, forbade forbidden2) 动词词型相近，词义不同compliment vt. 赞美 He is complimented for his fine plement vt.补充 They need to complement the factory with more workers.affect vt. 影响 award vt. 授予、给予effect vt. 产生、引起 reward vt. 奖赏、报答adapt vt. 使适应 contract vt. 缔结、订约adopt vt. 采用 contact vt. 使接触，compress vt. 挤压 confirm v. 证实comprise vt. 包括 conform v. 符合inquire vt. 打听、询问 compel vt. 强迫、迫使屈从require vt. 要求、命令 impel vt. 促成、推动ensure vt. 保证、担保 rescue vt. 援救、营救insure vt. 给.保险 secure vt. 保护、使 .安全extinguish vt. 熄灭 respect vt. 尊重distinguish vt. 区别，辨别 suspect vt. 猜想3) 动词词义相近，用法不同arrive vi. 该动词后面需采用 at, in, on 等介词。He arrived in Beijing yesterday. reach vt. 该动词为及物动词，直接跟宾语。 They reached the village yesterday.insist v. insist 后面需用介词 on He insisted on going to the hospital tomorrow.persist v. persist 后面需用介词 in He persisted in working on this experiment.2005 工程硕士辅导 水木艾迪培训学校 电话 9 -consist vt. 这个动词一般用于主动态 This class consists of forty pose vt. compose 常用于被动语态 This country is composed of ten nations.4) 动词后需用动名词有一批动词的后面只能使用动名词。在词汇考试部分中，有时要求考生能够正确判断动词的这一用法。这类常见动词有：band enjoy complete imagineconsider deny practice acknowledgeanticipate avoid delay envyescape miss mind riskappreciate favor facilitate postponequit resent resume includepermit involve admit favordeny例：He will consider giving us a chance to do the experiment. resumepermit5) 动词后需用不定式英语动词中，还有一些动词的后面只能使用不定式。这类常见动词有：afford refuse decide seekagree care decide learnexpect intend pretend promisemanage presume desire consentprepare resolve undertake consenteddecided例：She refused to offer her help. agreedintended6) 动词后可用动名词或不定式还有一些动词的后面即可以使用动名词也可以使用不定式。常见这类动词有：continue dislike prefer begin likeremember propose continue remember deserveregret intend neglect attempt forget7) 动词固定搭配 动词的固定搭配是英语测试中的一个很重要的项目。动词的搭配关系主要反映在动词与介词，动词与名词的关系上。下面分两组做一简单的介绍：101) 动词与介词的搭配bring about 产生，引起 bring forward 提出，提议break out 逃出，爆发 break through 突破，突围carry off 夺取，夺去 come by 得到，获得get across 使人了解 get at 够得着2) 动词与名词的搭配arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 take into consideration 考虑到commit a crime 犯罪 make a decision 决定，果断reach an agreement 达成协议 break ones promise 违约take action 采取行动 keep balance 保持平衡3) 动词与名词和介词的搭配make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉make comments on sth. 评论谋事hold an inquiry into sth. 对某事进行调查 express sympathy for 对某人表示慰问动词练习：1. Doctors from Bostons Brigham and Womens Hospital showed that a simple blood test, called CRP, that _ the presence and intensity of inflammation in the walls of the blood vessels. A. means B. cures C. measures D. disapproves2. Since you have already made the decision, Ill have to _ to it, I suppose.A. maintain B. obey C. adopt D. adhere3. The law _ occupancy by more than 68 persons in this bus as over occupancy can bring disaster. A. forbids B. indicates C. suggests D. promises4. It is clear that there will be little chance that mankind would _ a nuclear war. A. involve B. endure C. survive D. survival5. It was highly unlikely that the Prince had ever visited Soho and Covent Garden, much less _ its streets picking up the vital signs of the new Britain. A. incorporated B. wandered C. discoursed D. blessed6. More students _ for computer courses nowadays. A. exclude B. restrict C. opt D. select7. Nobody knows how this world_ into existence. A. came B. constituted C. labeled D. concealed 8. Many people who love animals _ of scientists experimenting on animals. A. approval B. disapprove C. approve D. prove 9. Staying No.1 will not be easy. Last year may have _ record export volume, but what matters most is export revenue.2005 工程硕士辅导 水木艾迪培训学校 电话 11 -A. seen B. presented C. folded D. saluted10. Ask any heart doctor the best way to avoid a heart attack, and he will probably tell you to _ your cholesterol and exercise more. A decrease B. consolidated C. activated D. lower形容词: 3) 形 容 词形容词测试点包括：1）形容词的认知能力和辨别能力；2）词形及词义相近的形容词的区分；）形容词和介词的搭配。 例如：1. All the off-shore explorers were in good mood when they read _letters from their family.A. affectionate B. intimate C. passionate D. considerate2. All the girls seem to be _ of her beauty and intelligence.A. envious B. indifferent C. distinct D. enthusiastic形容词应注意的要点:1. 词形相近的形容词。如： mechanized, minimized, standardized, modernized 2. 同义词和反义词。 如 wonderful 的同义词有：marvelous, excellent, extraordinary, remarkable 等。如 generous 的反义词有 mean, stingy, selfish 等。3. 形容词和动词的。如：indicate - indicative; receive -receptive; inquire - inquisitive 等。4. 名词和形容词的结合。如：defect -defective, intention - intentional 等。5. 以 -ly 结尾的单词的词性。 名词加 -ly 多构成形容词。如：friendly, heavenly, womanly, worldly 等。6. 不规则形容词的比较级和最高级的变化形式。如：原级 比较级 最高级bad worse worstgood better bestlittle less (lesser) leastfar farther(further) farthest (furthest) 7形容词与介词 of 的搭配：guilty , jealous, envious, ignorant, hopeful, aware, conscious, considerate, thoughtful, desirous, short, irrespective, exclusive, independent, tolerant, worthy, capable, sure, certain, confident, critical, characteristic, suspicious, wary 等等。8形容词与介词 to 的搭配：accessible, available, accustomed, adjacent, advantageous, beneficial, alert, alien, agreeable, comparative, attentive, awake, relevant, subject, contrary 等等。9. 形容词与介词 with 的搭配：consistent, compatible, identical, popular, satisfied 等等。形容词练习：1. Tom is _ to tell jokes when he is with a group of people.A. attempted B. inclined C. illegible D. impressive122. Are you _ of the problems you have caused? A. clumsy B. aware C. fraudulent D. knowledgeable 3. _ payment of bills is greatly appreciated.A. Implicit B. Understandable C. Promising D. Prompt4. The winner of the award gave a short and _ acceptance speech.A. cautious B. conscious C. concise D. innocent5. Susan was _ of the important issues in the upcoming election.A. ornamental B. illegal C. ignorant D. illogical6. The _ machinery is difficult to operate. A. sophisticated B. cultured C. experienced D. initiative7. The subway is the most _way of getting to the airport during rush hour.A. reliable B. reflected C. relevant D. relaxed8. Each suggestion was _ to at least one student.A. applicant B. applied C. applicable D. appointed 9. Mike inherited a _ amount of money from his parents.A. considerate B. considerable C. consist D. conservative10. Susan keeps all her _ valuables in a safe at home because she does not trust any insurance companies.A. worth B. fertile C. precious D .expensive 副词:(1) 副词的分类副词按其词义和作用,可