音乐治疗本土方案系列中医学对世界音乐治疗多元化发展的历史价值

中医学对世界音乐治疗多元化发展的历史价值刘小天Historical Value of Chinese Medicine to Diverse Development of Music Therapy in the WorldBy Liu Xiaotian关键词：民族音乐 和声 多元化 八纲辨证 文化认同 醒脾解忧 调式 抑郁症Key word: Chinese national music, Harmony, Diversity, Categorical identification in terms of Eight Classes, Culture recognition, Spleen-improvement and sorrow-relief, tune and Depression 摘要：中国医学与中国传统音乐一样，同属中国文化的结晶。中国医学已有两千年的音乐治疗案例和理论，根据自然界五行与人体五脏的对应关系，创建了针对音乐五音的治疗理论，如果世界用上帝给予的七个音符造福于西方患者，那么，我们应该珍重和开掘黄帝给予的五个调式，以便融入先进的西方音乐治疗理论，解构国内现有的照搬程序，切实促动音乐治疗在中国、在东方的多元化发展进程。Abstract: Chinese medicine, the same as Chinese traditional music, belongs to the elite of Chinese culture. The music therapy case and theory in Chinese medicine have 2600-year history. In accordance with the corresponding relationship between the five-substance (gold, wood, water, fire and earth) and viscera (spleen, lung, heart, liver and kidney), the therapy theory aimed at musical five-tone (Do, Re, Mi, Sol and La) was created. If seven notes granted by the God are favored for the western patients, we Chinese should cherish and explore the five-tone granted by Huang Di to introject into the advanced therapy theory of western music, replace the domestic existing copying method and thoroughly motivate the diverse development progress of music therapy in China and oriental countries. 已经初具科学体系化的音乐治疗源于西方，近百年来，这一疗法已广泛应用于世界各国的教育学科建设和临床应用，形成了比较成熟的研究和治疗流派。我国学界给予关注与引进已经20 余年，但真正中西方音乐治疗的比较和融合，是张鸿懿教授 1995 年应邀赴美国讲学，为中国与西方音乐治疗的多元化拓展架设起第一座桥梁，也为中国音乐治疗的开掘与发展奠定了一个高起点。尤其张鸿懿教授 1995 年由美国返回后，随即在中央音乐学院创办了中美音乐治疗进习班，引起了国内各相关学科与实体的广泛关注，从而开创了中国音乐治疗与世界并轨的多元化发展道路的起点。The music therapy initially with scientific systemization originated from western country, and it has been used widely in construction of education and clinical application in countries of the world for hundreds of years, forming the comparably matured study and therapy school. In China, the music therapy has been paid attention to and introduced in academia for more than 20 years. However, the contribution of real comparison and amalgamation of Chinese music and western music is that Professor Zhang Hongyi who was invited to give lecture in America in 1995, which erected the first bridge for diverse development of Chinese and western music therapy, and laid the firm starting point for exploration and development of Chinese music therapy. Especially when he returned to China in 1995, Professor Zhang Hongyi established the Sino-America Music Therapy Study Class, which drew wide attention in various related disciplines and entities in China, since then, the diverse development of Chinese music therapy was created to connect with the trend of music therapy in the world.西方音乐治疗的理论和方法，确实先进与我国，但是，目前世界心理学已经进入第四代领域，代表着心理治疗领域新进展的艾伦艾维的多元文化咨询与治疗（MCT） ，已经被大多数中西方国家所认可。The theory and method of western music therapy are more advanced than that of Chinese music indeed. However, the world psychology currently has been in the 4th generation, the multi cultural consultation and therapy(MCT)with representative of Alan Ivy on new progress in psychological therapy field, has been recognized by most of people in China and western countries.重温张鸿懿教授当年就提倡的多元化视角下发展我国音乐治疗模式，我们就更迫切感到，必须重审自己的文化背景与厚重遗产，把中国音乐治疗的科学发展目光，调整到对祖国医学与民族音乐的再发掘视角；必须站在历史高度定位中医和民乐，把对于世界音乐治疗综合实力的考量，对接到东方医学与东方音乐的多元融汇点上。Recalling that developing Chinese music therapy mode with diverse view advocated by Professor Zhang Hongyi in the past, we are aware urgently that we mush cherish our own cultural background and abundant heritage, and adjust the scientific development of Chinese music therapy to re-exploration of Chinese medicine and national music; we must focus on Chinese traditional medicine and folk music to develop the diverse combination of Chinese medicine and music based on the comprehensive power of world music therapy. 中西方音乐与中西方文化背景的参照Background References between Chinese the music with “Re” cadence is majestic and high-spirited to be good for the lung as if the wielding dagger. The music with “Mi” cadence is vivace and bright to be favored for the liver as if the flourishing spring in which the new and fresh scenery are reflected. The music with “Sol” cadence is ebullient and cheerful to moisten the heart and the music with “La” is mellow as if the flowing water.对此，我在此次对灾后儿童心理援助的过程中，立足多元化论点，引用类似中医理、法，方药配伍的五音对应学说，在治疗中导入了相应的中改西曲目。效果获得一致认可。Thus, I cited the similar five-tone (Do, Re, Mi, Sol and La) ) that corresponds to the theory, approach and prescription in Chinese traditional medicine theory, based on the multi-aspect of view during the psychological relief for children suffered in earthquake, and selected the relevant western music adapted by Chinese music, the effect has been appraised. 我认为，针对灾后儿童单纯大量慰问或放松式的心理干预，反而加深儿童残酷记忆与美好场景间的内心矛盾，造成儿童对心灵创伤的防护和锁闭。In my opinion, the simple relief or the opening psychological intervention for children who suffered in the earthquake may increase the contradiction between the cruel memory of inner heart and the sound scene of children to strengthen the childrens mental blocking protection.但是，大多数儿童都具有与生俱来的“心理韧性” ，虽然灾难带来创伤，但只要我们审慎滴依据多元化方案，采用相应的艺术治疗给予心理修复，儿童扫除心理阴影的进度，往往超过成年人。对此，我针对儿童的文化特点，家族背景，个体差异，心理症状的辨证，融合五种中国调式音乐的对应特点与和声的改编优势，借助中西音乐，中西医学各自优势，多元化贯穿了接触期、认同期、感受期、促动期、辅导期。However, most children have the instinctive psychological tenacity. The mental relief such as the proper art therapy can heal the childrens mental wound quickly though they suffer in the disaster. The progress of elimination of childrens psychological wound exceeds that of the adults. Consequently, in accordance with the cultural character, family background, individual difference and psychological symptom of children, I combined the corresponding feature of China cadence music and the adaptation predominance of harmony with the help of Chinese and western music as well as their own advantages to execute the acquaintance, recognition, awareness, motivation and instruction stages.比如，给一位失去父亲的女童进入第三心理治疗阶段时，我选用了由宫调式古琴曲目改编的钢琴古琴协奏曲临安遗恨 ，以及羽调式古曲童谣改编的钢琴古筝曲集小白菜当半催眠状态下乐曲进行中，和声多层次旋律一再展开的张力，烘托出凄风残雨中无家可归的孤苦无援，我给她暗示失去爸爸的孤独和悲切，但绝不提及她失去亲人。紧闭的双眼间，她长长睫毛终于没能留住一颗颗不断溢出的泪珠。木然呆滞多日的小脸松弛了。古琴古筝类羽调式的水性音质，疏脾化郁、滋阴降燥，轻轻的叩开心扉，使紧闭的幼小心灵打开了一条缝.For example, I chose “Eternal Regret in Linan “(Linan Yi Hen), the concerto performed with piano and ancient lyre adapted by the music with “Do” cadence performed with the ancient lyre, and “Little Cabbage”, a Chinese zither music adapted by ancient “Nursery Rhyme” with “La” cadence when I helped a girl whose father is deceased go into the 3rd psychological therapy stage. During performing the music, the harmony rhythm extended to reflect her homeless, lonely and sorrowful emotion. I hinted the solitude and sadness when she lost her father instead of telling her fact of deceased father. Drops of tear rushed out of the closed eye and the long eyelash and the tightened graved face loosed. With the gentle and mellow music of “La” cadence performed with the ancient lyre, her inner heart was opened and the crack shown in her childish and younger heart. 进入第五阶段，我选用了钢琴组曲和平之月中的春光灿烂 ，因为选自中国古曲改编的旋律，竭力诠释了从凛冽的冬天醒来，陶然沐浴在璀璨阳光之中的勃勃万物，满是新鲜色彩对心灵萌芽的呼唤。角调式乐曲入肝，调理肝经，通达顺畅，固化了前面对悲哀的认可和接受。她治疗后的状态，正如中国音乐治疗学会会长张鸿懿先生的精确表述：“音乐治疗像一把钥匙，打开了孤独儿童紧闭的心扉。内心世界通过音乐治疗找到了释放、发泄和表达的特定的渠道” 。In the 5th stage, I selected the “Sunny Spring” in the piano cento “Ode to the Peace”. With the cantus adapted by Chinese classical music, I tried to show that flourishing and vivid spring is cultivating the bud of heart after chilly winter. The music with “Mi” cadence that is favored for the liver can opsonize liver meridian to solidify the recognition and acceptance of the previous sorrow. The fettle after therapy for her is as the accurate statement by Mr. Zhang Hongyi, president of China Academy of Music Therapy, “the music therapy seems to be a key to a childs closed heart. Her or his inner heart can be opened, abreacted and expressed via the music therapy”. 纵观目前音乐治疗多元化发展研究的现状，人不禁深感负荷沉重。因为，当前中医音乐治疗中普遍存在一个误区，认为使用中国民族音乐给予患者愉悦的放松就是治疗，给予患者暂时的宁静就是干预这完全违背了整固、疏泄、认可、辅导、激励的心理学治疗原则。Taking a wide view of status quo on diverse development of music therapy, we feel the heavy burden. Since there are the mistakes in Chinese traditional medicine music therapy at present, it is believed that the relaxation given to the patients with Chinese national music is the therapy but the temporary serenity for the patient is the intervention, which is fully against the principle of psychological therapy characterized by consolidation, expression, recognition, guidance and prompting. 宋代著名文学家欧阳修曾患有严重的抑郁症，遍请名医，医治无效，后来“退而闻居，学琴于孙友道滋，受宫音数引，久而乐之，不知疾之在体矣”（寿亲养老新书置琴 ） 。古人尚能以宫音醒脾而解忧，疏经以养心，遵循音乐的发乎情，源于地，依据个体差异，因人而异的八纲辨证，五调论治，平其心，养其疾。我们就更该致力于发掘这些珍藏在历史天空中的天籁之音，在引用西方音乐模式烛照这些旷古天音的同时，为世界多元化音乐治疗的学科建设添加宝贵的东方元素。Ouyang Xiu, the famous litterateur in Song dynasty, had severe depression. He saw the famous doctors widely but received poor effect. Then he began the new life style as described in the “Music -Health Preservation for Olds”, “Ouyang Xiu retired to play the musical instrument. With the edification of music, he got better.” We are informed that ancient people can boost the spleen and relieve the sorrow with music of “Do” cadence. Complying with the principle of music, they can cure the disease and pacifying the emotion with the categorical identification in terms of Eight Classes. Now we should devote to exploring the natural element of music that is treasured in history and add the valuable Chinese character for discipline development of diverse music therapy, while citing the example of western music pattern.当人们渐渐发现，亲密无间的理解或高山流水般的知音，都只是世世代代的美好愿望而已时。随着人类文明进程，人类心理日益丰富细致，越来越多的凸显出语言的无奈，文字的穷尽，知音日益难觅，但当他们面对中医心理治疗师时，沟通人心底层涌动的音乐出现了。Gradually, the intimate consideration or the bosom friend is just the ideal wish that has gone by with the time. With the progress of human civilizzation, the psychological world of people is more and more complex that fails to be tackled just with the words (talking). Facing to Chinese traditional medicine psychologist, the music therapy emerges to help these patients.上帝给了我们七个音符，黄帝给了我们五个调式，就是让我们这些悬壶济世者，眷顾人间子期伯牙、陆游唐婉儿那份高山