高中英语教学论文：浅淡高考英语试题中情态动词的用法

浅淡高考英语试题中情态动词的用法近年来，我省高考英语试题对情态动词的考查占有相当大的比率，并且考查情态动词的一些特殊结构及其用法。而考生得分情况普遍较低。现在就高考涉及到的常见情态动词的特殊用法小结如下：1、 shall 的用法（1） 表示说话者的许诺，常用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中。例如：Youhave the TV as soon as I have money.A:shall B:need C:must D:have to 解答：（A）（2） 表示说话者的告诫或警告等。You shall be punished for what he has done.（3） 表义务或规定，意为“应，必须。 ”一般用于第三人称作主语的情况。例如:It has been announced that candidatesremain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A:can B:will C:shall D:must 解答：（C）2、 “wont/wouldnt”的用法在英语中，表示拒绝做某事用 wont,如表示在过去拒绝做某事则要用 wouldnt例如：（1）Milk wont repair his bike.(2)He asked his father for some money but hegive him.A:couldnt B:may not C:wouldnt D:didnt have to解答：（C）3、 “should/ought to+动词原形”的用法在英语中，should/ought to 均可用来描述说话时或将来很有可能发生的事情。例如：（1）I should finish work early today,I havent got much to do.(2)There is a lot of smoke coming out of the building there.itbe a fire,most probably.A:has to B:ought to C:is going to D:will解答：（B）4、 “should/shouldnt+动词原形”的用法在英语中， “should/shouldnt+动词原形” ，可用来表示“惊奇，遗憾”等：例如：Im very surprised that he the complication of the matter.A:wouldnt realize B:shouldnt realizeC:wouldnt have realized D:shouldnt have realized解答:(B)5、 “should/shouldnt/ought to/oughtnt to+have+过去分词”的用法。在英语中， “should/shouldnt/ought to/oughtnt to+have+过去分词”表示过去应该干某事而实际却未干某事或不应该干某事而实际上干了某事，含有一种责备的语气。例如：You should/ought to have come here at eight this morning.Look,It is nine now.6、 “can/cant+have+过去分词”的用法。在英语中这种结构表示过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。例如：（1）He cant have studied English before.（2）Can he have gone to his aunts?7、 “must+have+过去分词”的用法。在英语中这种结构表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”例如：I didnt hear the telephone;I must have been asleep.8、 “could+have+过去分词”的用法。这种结构用于肯定句中，表示“ 有可能已经做” ，还可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为“本来可以/能做（而没有做） ”，不含“责备”之意。例如：He could have walked to the station;it is so near.9、 “may/might+have+过去分词”的用法。在英语中这种结构表示对过去发生的行为的推测，意为“也许已经” ，一般只用于肯定句和否定句中，不用于疑问句，用 might则表示语气更加不肯定。例如：（1）He may not have finished the work.(2) She might have caught a cold.10、 “might+have+过去分词”的用法。在英语中这种结构表示“本可以做”但实际上没做，含有一定的责备语气。例如：He might have given you more help,even though he wasvery busy.11、 “neednt+have+过去分词”的用法。在英语中这种结构表示做了本来不必去做的事，注意 didnt need to do 表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事” 。例如：（1）I neednt have bought the book.(2) He didnt need to come last night.12、 “Dare”的用法。它用作情态动词时，它的过去式为“dared”例如：I dared not come near her;she looked so angry.解析：dare 和 need 一样，也可以用作实意动词。但与 need 不同的是：dare 后面接不定式时，可以省略 to。例如：(1)Do you dare (to) tell him ?(2)I do not dare （to） tell him.13、 “may/might（just）as well+动词原形”的用法。此结构意为“还是的好，不妨”用指现在或将来，而“may/might just as well+have+过去分词”则表示过去与过去事实相反的情况。例如：Our holidays were spoiled by the weather,we might justas wellat home.A: to stay B:stay C:have stayed D:staying解答：（C）14、 “can/could not choose but+动词原形”意为“不得不” 。此外，“cannot help but+动词原形”也可表示同样的意思。例如：I cannot help but stay at home=I cannot/could notChoose but stay at home.15、 “would rather (not)+动词原形”意为“宁愿（不） ”用来表示现在或者将来。而“would rather (not)+have+过去分词”用来表示与过去事实相反的情况。例如：I helped him out,but Iratherit.A:not do B:not to doC:have not done D:not have done解答：（D）16、 “must”意为“一定要，坚持要”例如：“Could I have a word with you,mum?”“Oh,dear,if you must”.17、 “must+have been”这种结构表示说话人对过去已存在事实的一种猜测。而“must be”表示对目前事实状态的猜测。例如：“When did you first visit London?”“I think itin1990”.A:must be B:must have beenC:should be D:should have been解答：（B）巩固练习：1、 （2010 年高考课标全国全国 I 卷）Just be patient.Youexpectthe world to change so soon.A、cant B、neednt C、may not D、will not2、 （2010 年山东高考，25）Ihave watched that movie-itll give me horrible dreams.A、shouldnt B、neednt C、couldnt D、mustnt3、(2010 年天津高考，9)Markhave hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.A、neednt B、wouldnt C、mustnt D、couldnt4、(2010 年天津高考，15)-Jihn went to the hospital alone.-If heme about it,I would have gone with him.A、should tell B、tells C、told D、had told5、(2010 年上海高考，29)-Sorry,Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh,youhave done it as yesterday was the deadine.A、must B、mustnt C、should Dshouldnt6、(2010 年北京高考，23)-Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.-Ah,good morning.Yoube Mrs.peter.A、might B、must C、would D、can7、 （2010 年陕西高考，23）-May I take this book out of the reading room?-No,you.You read it in here.A、mightnt B、wont C、neednt D、mustnt8、(2010 年江西高考，23)I have told you the truth. I keep repeating it?A、Must B、Can C、May D、Will9、(2010 年福建高考，29)Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A、not allow B