运动系统总论-osteology-thebonesoftrunk

运 动 系 统Locomotor systemVol 1.013th Feb 2012广西医科大学 邓琼英Copyright 2012 Qiongying DengAll Rights ReservedComposition of locomotor systemlbone骨 larticulation关节 lmuscle骨骼肌 lNumbers: 206( include 6 auditory ossicles 听小骨 )l Classification:According to regionSkull 颅骨Bones of trunk 躯干骨Appendicular bones 附肢骨 auditory ossiclesChapter 1 osteologyThe general discriptionSection 1According to shape 4 kinds lLong bonelShort bonelFlat bonelIrregular boneshaftUpper extremitylower extremityepiphysisepiphysismetaphysisLong boneEpipysial line Epiphysial cartilageEpiphysisShort boneLateral view of hip bone Anterior the inorganic salts give them hardness and rigidity The physical properties of the bones depend upon the chemical component which change with age Normal adult: organic components / inorganic components is 3/7骨的化学成份和物理性质有机质（骨胶原纤维束和粘多糖蛋白） 弹性、韧性 无机质（碱性磷酸钙） 硬性、脆性正常成人比例 :有机质 /无机质约为 3:71.膜化骨2.软骨化骨The Development of Bones(self-study) What is the anatomical position? How many types of bone according to their shapes？ and what is the characteristics in each part？ What is the structure of bones？Questions1. Vertebrae (24)2. Sternum (1) 3. Ribs (12)4. Sacrum (1)5. Coccyx (1)The bones of trunkSection 2 Vertebral body Pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根 Lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 Vertebral foramen Superior articular process (2) Inferior articular process (2) Spinous process Transverse process (2) 2+3=Vertebral arch Notch in neighbour vertebral pedicle consist of the intervertebral foramen112223345677888General features of the vertebrae椎骨的一般形态椎体椎弓根椎弓板棘突 1横突 2上关节突 2下关节突 2椎间孔椎上切迹椎孔椎弓椎下切迹 Anterior arch Anterior tubercle Transverse foramen Transverse process Vertebral foramen Dental fovea Posterior archThe first cervical vertebra (Atlas)A. Superior view Superior articular surface Groove for vertebral arteryB. Inferior view Inferior articular surface1122333 3 44445566 778ABThe second cervical vertebra (axis)1. Dens 齿突2. Superior articular surface3. Transverse process4. Transverse foramen5. Vertebral foramen6. Spinous process7. Inferior articular surface112 27 74 43 362 25112345789103th-6th cervical vertebrae 7th cervical vertebra1. Vertebral body2. Transverse foramen3. Transverse process4. Vertebral foramen5. Superior articular surface6. Inferior articular surface 7. Spinous process8. Vertebral arch9. Anterior tubercle10.Posterior tubercleThe special characteristics of cervical vertebrae1. small Vertebral body2. Partly bifid spinous process3. Vertebral foramen is nearly triangular, large4. Transverse foramenAtlas寰椎Axis枢椎Vertebra Prominens隆椎1. Vertebral body2. Pedicle of vertebral arch 3. Lamina of vertebral arch4. Vertebral foramen5. Superior articular process (2)6. Inferior articular process (2)7. Spinous process8. Transverse process (2)9. Superior costal fovea10.Inferior costal fovea11.Transver costal fovea112223345677888910119 911 11Thoracic vertebrae1. larger vertebral body2. Vertebral foramen is nearly circular3. Articular facets of articular process are relatively coronary4. Superior inferior costal fovea of the bodies5. Transver costal foveaThe special characteristics of thoracic vertebraeLumber vertebrae1. Vertebral body2. Pedicle of vertebral arch 3. Laminae of vertebral arch4. Vertebral foramen5. Superior articular process (2)6. Inferior articular process (2)7. Spinous process8. Transverse process (2)Superior viewLateral view1. Large, thick vertebral body is kidney-shaped2. Vertebral foramen is triangular3. The spinous process is h