15.简单句

The simple sentence Spring is coming. Leaves turn green. Cows eat grass on the hill. The spring gives us a warm hug. I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. S V S S S S link v. V V V predicative o Io object complemento adverbial adverbial Do 主语 +谓语（不及物动词） +（状语） 在此句型中， “ 主语 +不及物动词 /词组 ” 构成句 子的主体部分，不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语 。但是有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、 目的、地点或时间等，可以有状语来修饰。 Class begins. His father has gone abroad. We stopped to have a rest. 状语修饰动词 目的状语 The bomb blew up. Spring is coming. 一些动词既可以作不及物动词，也可 以作及物动词。 They are playing on the playground. They are playing football. we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. The good news lifted my spirits. Cows eat grass (on the hill). 主语 +谓语 (及物动词 )+宾语 在此句型中，谓语动词是 及物动词 ，其后必须跟 宾语 才能使句意表达完整。句子的宾语可由 名词、代词、 不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语 来充当。 She likes English. They want to go. She knows what to do next. He stopped writing. 名词作宾语 动词 -ing作宾语 不定式作宾语 疑问词 +不定式作宾语 +（状语） 一些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当 于一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语 了。 You must listen to me. He arrived in London yesterday. She is laughing at the crippled man. 由 充当 例句 名 词 He has formed the habit of rising early in the morning. 代 词 Have you told them anything about the accident? 数 词 If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 名 词 化的形 容 词 We may find out the unknown by calculation. 可在句中充当宾语的成分 由 充当 例句 动词 -ing（ 短 语 ） I dislike travelling to work in a very crowded bus every day. 不定式（短 语 ） He refused to attend the medical conference. 从句 I wonder whether I should stay or not. 可在句中充当宾语的成分 Leaves turn green. 主语 +系动词 +表语 +(状语 ) 此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整 的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态 的表语，才能表达完整的意思。 He became a scientist. My sister is out now. Dinner smells good. 常见的 系动词 ： be动词类： am, is , are , was, were 表示变化类： become, get, turn, grow, go 感官动词类： look, sound, smell, taste, feel 表示延续性的动词： remain, stay, keep My book is on the desk. Children grow wiser as they grow. His voice sounded strange on the phone. He kept all the money in the bank. The spring gives us a warm hug. 主语 +谓语 (及物动词 )+间接宾语 +直接宾语 I bought John a birthday present. I sent a postcard to my best friend. 间接宾语 直接宾语 直接宾语 间接宾语 动词 与 “双 宾语 ” give sb. sth./give sth. to sb. 常 见 的 这类结 构的 动词 有： give, send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award, grant等 make sb. sth./make sth. for sb. 常 见 的 这类结 构的 动词 有： make(制造 ), prepare, buy, order, do, fetch, pick, leave, build, post, get, draw, find, reserve, save等 有些动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词 to引出间 接宾语，也不能用介词 for引出间接宾语。 He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. This heroic deed cost him his life. 他为这一英雄壮举付出了生命。 此类动词还有 ask(请求 )， cause(导致 )， forgive(原谅 )， refuse(拒绝 )等 I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 主语 +谓语 (及物动词 )+宾语 +宾语补足语 +(状语 ) 在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一 个宾补才能表达完整的意思。 名词、形容词、副 词、非谓语动词和介词短语 等都可以作宾补。 I will make you captain. His speech left the President in a very different position. 宾语补 足 语结 构 常 见动词 例句 动词 +宾语 + to do advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, cause, direct, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 动词 +宾语 +to be consider, think, believe, discover, fi nd, imagine, judge, suppose, prove We consider h im (to be) a go od teacher. 动词 +宾语 +不 带 to的不定式 feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at。 We watched the children play games. Fill in the blanks The boy was seen _(play) by the river. to play He saw the boy play by the river. 感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice; 使役 动词 make, have, let等后接不定式作宾语补 足语时，省略 to。但变为被动语态时， to要 还原。 translation He saw a girl in red get on the bus. He saw a girl in red getting on the bus. 他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩上车了。 他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩正在上车。 感官动词等后面既可以接不带 to的不定式作宾补 ，也可以用动词 -ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作 已经结束，后者表示动作正在发生。 判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型？ Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is. He often looks carefully at me. S +V+ O S +V+ P ( ) I found the book easily. I found the book easy. He got himself into trouble. He got her a splendid present. S +V+ O+ OC S +V+ IO+ DO S +V+ O+ OC S +V+ O+ adverbial There be+名词 +地点状语 表示某处有 (存在 )某人或某物 There are fifty-two students in our class. There is a pencil in my pencil-case. There was an old house by the river five years ago. That will save you a lot of trouble. 这会省去你很多麻烦。 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 15岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. translation 经理要吉姆离开。 The manager asked Jim to leave. 恰好房间里没有人。 There happened to be nobody in the room. 清晨，漓江看起来格外美丽。 The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early morning. translation When a man knocked at the door, I was just put on my clothes. So I kept him wait for a while and the n I opened the door on him. But there was nobody outside and I was very surprise at that. Somebody really knocked the door just now, but why was the re nobody at the door? So I went downstairs to see if he was waiting for me there. What disappointed I was. There was onl y piece of paper on the ground. I picked up it and r ead to it, “Come to my house tomorrow, dont you? I have a nything to tell you.” When a man knocked at the door, I was just put on my clothes. So I kept him wait for a while and then I opened the door on him. But there was nobody outside and I was very surprise at that. Somebody really knocked the door just now, but why was there nobody at the door? So I went downstairs to see if he was waiting for me there. What disappoin ted I was. There was only