运动附肢骨ppt课件

The Bones of Limbs 附 肢 骨 Liu Rui 刘 睿 Department of Anatomy 目的和要求 1. 掌握 上肢带骨、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、 自由下肢骨的 位置和形态 及上、下肢骨的 重要体表标志 。 2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾 骨的位置和排列。 The appendicular skeleton(附肢骨） the brief introduction Includes the bones of upper limbs and lower limbs. Because of the erect standing ,the upper limbs are free and adapted for the purpose of prehension, while the lower limbs are specialized for locomotion, bearing weight, and maintaining equilibrium. So the bones of lower limb are more massive than those of upper limb. Bones of upper limb Composition: Shoulder girdle clavicle 锁骨 scapula 肩胛骨 Bones of free upper limb humerus 肱骨 ulna尺骨 radius 桡骨 bones of hand 手骨 Tow curves: “S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward and lateral 1/3 convex backward. Tow ends: sternal end胸骨端 acromial end肩峰端 ） Shoulder girdle 上肢带骨 Clavicle 锁骨 Located at the upper and anterior part of the thorax (inferior view)(superior view) Scapula 肩胛骨 Position: On the posterolateral of the thorax between the second and seventh ribs. Scapula 肩胛骨 Two surfaces Anterior surface: subscapular fossa 肩 胛下窝 Posterior surface: spine of scapula 肩胛 冈 supraspinous fossa冈 上窝 infraspinous fossa冈 下窝 acromion 肩峰 Two surfaces, three borders, and three angles. Three borders Superior border 上缘 Medial border 内侧缘 Lateral border 外侧缘 Superior border : scapular notch 肩胛切迹 coracoid process 喙突 Superior: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior: opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostals space Lateral: glenoid cavity 关节盂 supra- and infraglenoid tubercles 盂上、下结节 Three angles: Superior Inferior Lateral Right scapula. Lateral surface glenoid cavity infraglenoid tubercle supraglenoid tubercle ） Bones of free upper limb The humerus 肱骨 Position of humeru anterior view posterior view Upper end: head of humerus 肱骨头 anatomical neck 解剖颈 greater tubercle 大结节 Lesser tubercle 小结节 surgical neck 外科颈 The humerus 肱骨 It consists of a body and two ends anterior view posterior view Shaft（ the body） : deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆 sulcus for radial nerve 桡神 经沟 (肱骨中断骨折容易伤及桡神经引 起垂腕 ) Capitulum of humerus 肱骨小头 Trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车 radial fossa 桡窝 coronoid fossa 冠突窝 olecranon fossa 鹰嘴窝 Lower end: medial and lateral epicondyles 内、外上髁 sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟 Radius 桡骨 Upper end: head of radius 桡骨头 neck of radius 桡骨颈 radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆 Shaft: interosseous border 骨间缘 Lower end: carpal articular surface 腕关节面 styloid process 桡骨茎突 Ulnar 尺骨 Upper end: olecranon 鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突 trochlear notch 滑车切迹 radial notch 桡切迹 Lower end : styloid process 尺骨茎突 head of ulna 尺骨头 Carpal bones 腕骨 (8) 舟月三角豆 ;大小头状钩 Metacarpal bones掌骨 (5): base (proximally) 底 shaft 体 head (distally) 头 Phalanges of fingers 指骨 (14): base (proximally) 底 shaft 体 trochlea of phalanx (distally) 滑车 bones of hand Bones of Lower Limb Composition: Pelvic girdle: hip bone 髋骨 Bones of free lower limb: Femur 股骨 Patella 髌骨 Tibia 胫骨 fibula 腓骨 Bones of foot 足骨 Each hip bone actually consists of three separate bones: the ilium髂骨 ,the ischium坐骨 , and the pubis耻 骨 .Before puberty the bones are separated by a cartilage, and fuse at the age of 15-17. ） Hip bone 髋骨 internal view, right Composition: Ala of ilium 髂骨翼 Body of ilium 髂骨体 ） ilium 髂骨 external view, right internal view, right ） ilium 髂骨 iliac crest 髂嵴 anterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘 posterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘 anterior inferior iliac spine 髂前下棘 posterior inferior iliac spine 髂后下棘 tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节 iliac fossa 髂窝 arcuate line弓状线 auricular surface耳状面 ） ilium 髂骨 ） ischium 坐骨 Body of ischium 坐骨体 ischial spine 坐骨棘 greater sciatic notch 坐骨 大切迹 lesser sciatic notch 坐骨 小切迹 Ramus of ischium 坐骨支 ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节 external view ） Pubis 耻骨 Body of pubis 耻骨体 ： iliopubic eminence 髂耻隆起 Superior ramus of pubis 耻骨上 支 : symphysial surface耻骨联合面 pecten of pubis 耻骨梳 pubic tubercle 耻骨结节 Inferior ramus of pubis 耻骨下支 : obturator foramen 闭孔 Acetabulum 髋臼 formed by bodies of ischium, ilium and pubis Lunate surface 月状面 acetabular fossa 髋臼窝 acetabular notch 髋臼切迹 The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body and consists of a shaft and two ends. ） Bones of free lower limb ） femur 股骨 femoral head 股骨头 fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹 neck of femur 股骨颈（易骨折） greater trochanter 大转子 lesser trochanter 小转子 intertrochanteric line 转子间线 intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴 Upper end: anterior view posterior view Fracture of the femoral neck popliteal surface 腘面 Shaft medial condyle 内侧髁 lateral condyle 外侧髁 medial epicondyle 内上髁 lateral epicondyle 外上髁 intercondylar fossa 髁间窝 patellar surface 髌面 Lower end ） Patella 髌骨 ） Tibia 胫骨 Upper end: medial and lateral condyles 内外侧髁 intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起 tuberosity of tibia 胫骨粗隆 Lower end: medial malleolus 内踝 ） Fibula 腓骨 Upper end: fibular