1980—2017年历年考研英语真题集+答案

于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 1 - 19802017 年 历年考研英语真题集含答案 于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 2 - 于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 3 - 2017 年考研英语一试题及答案解析 Section Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!“_（1） helping you feel close and _（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _（3） of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _（4）getting sick this winter. In a recent study _（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_（6）the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_（8）with a cold, and the researchers_（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_（ 12）. “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _（13）risk for colds thats usually _（14）with stress,“ notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging “ is a marker of intimacy and help _（15）the feeling that others are there to help_（16）difficulty.“ Some experts_（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone“_（18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _（19）in the brain, where it _（20）mood, behavior and physiology. 1. ABesides BUnlike CThroughout DDespite 2. Aequal Brestricted Cconnected Dinferior 3. Aview Bhost Clesson Dchoice 4. Aavoid Bforget Crecall Dkeep 5. Acollecting Baffecting Cguiding Dinvolving 6. Aon Bin Cat Dof 7. Adevoted Battracted Clost Dexposed 8. Aalong Bacross Cdown Dout 9. Aimagined Bdenied Cdoubted Dcalculated 10.Aserved Brestored Cexplained Drequired 11.AThus BStill CRather DEven 12.Adefeats Bsymptoms Cerrors Dtests 13.Ahighlighted Bincreased Ccontrolled Dminimized 14.Apresented Bequipped Cassociated Dcompared 15.Aassess Bgenerate Cmoderate Drecord 16. Ain the name of Bin the form of Cin the face of Din the way of 于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 4 - 17.Aattribute Bcommit Ctransfer Dreturn 18.Aunless Bbecause Cthough Duntil 19.Aremains Bemerges Cvanishes Ddecreases 20.Aexperiences Bcombines Cjustifies Dinfluences 1ABesidesBUnlikeCThroughoutDDespite 【答案】A 【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系， “it turns out that hugs”说明拥抱还有其他结果。因此，前文的逻 辑关系应该为“除此以外” ，结合选项，A Besides（除此之外）最为合适。 2AequalB restrictedCconnectedDinferior 【答案】C 【解析】本题实为逻辑关系题。根据句子前后结构“helping you feel close and _（2） ”，我们可以 判断，由于空格处与前面内容通过 and 连接，说明我们要选择一个单词与 feel close 同义，并且要与后 面介词 to 连用。因此，通过对于四个选项含义判断， C 选项有“关联的”含义最为符合。 3AviewBhostClessonDchoice 【答案】B 【解析】此题为固定搭配。 “a host of”表示大量的。其他选项搭配不合理。 4AavoidBforgetC recallDkeep 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干信息“a warm embrace might even help you _（4）getting sick this winter.”中， 出现“even” ，表示“甚至” ，说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系。上一句话的语义表示 “拥 抱可以带来大量的好处” ，因此，这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处。根据四个选项含义，Aavoid（避免） Bforget （忘记） Crecall （回忆）D keep（保持） ，A 选项“避免生病”最符合文意。 5AcollectingBaffectingC guidingDinvolving 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查现在分词做后置定语，需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的“study” ，因此，结合四 个选项 Acollecting（收集）B affecting （影响）Cguiding(引导)Dinvolving （涉及、卷入） ，根 据句子含义，应该表达“关于涉及 400 人”的研究。因此正确选项应为 D 6AonBinC atD of 【答案】A 【解析】本题为固定搭配。根据句义“examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_（6）the participants”考查固定搭配“examined the effectson sth”因此，本题正确选项 为 A。 7AdevotedB attractedClostDexposed 【答案】D 【解析】根据句义“common cold after being_（7）to the virus.”“通常感冒是在。 。 。细菌之后发生 的。 ”结合选项含义 Adevoted（致力于）Battracted（吸引）C lost（丢失）Dexposed(暴露于)， D 选项“暴露在细菌中”符合文意。 于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 5 - 8AalongBacrossCdownDout 【答案】C 【解析】本题为固定搭配。A come along with(和。 。 。相处的好)Bcome across with（偿付）Ccome down with（得病，感染）D come out with（出版，提出） ，结合语境，根据后面与 cold（感冒）搭配， C 选项“得感冒”搭配最为合理。 9AimaginedBdeniedC doubtedDcalculated 【答案】D 【解析】本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题。根据原文“the researchers_（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.”动作的主语是“研究人员” ，连 接后面的宾语从句“拥抱减小压力的作用” ，并且有数据支撑。从选项含义 Aimagined（想像） Bdenied（否认）C doubted（怀疑）Dcalculated（计算，推测）来看，宾语从句部分应为研究人 员计算推测出的结果。因此，选项 D 符合要求。 10AservedB restoredCexplainedDrequired 【答案】C 【解析】本题为动词含义考查。根据文章内容， “the stress-reducing effects of hugging _（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.”本题同样考查研究人员做出的研究结果，因此，结合选项含义 Aserved（服务）Brestored（存储）C explained（解释）Drequired（要求） ，C 选项“解释”符 合语境要求。 11AThusBStillCRatherDEven 【答案】D 【解析】本题为逻辑关系题。A Thus（因此，表示因果关系）BStill（仍然，表示强调关系） CRather（相反，表示对比关系）DEven （甚至，表示递进关系）根据文章上下文逻辑，下文是对 上文做进一步说明，因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系。D 为正确选项。 12AdefeatsBsymptomsC errorsDtests 【答案】B 【解析】形容词与名词搭配问题。根据语境“the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_（12） ”所选词要与 severe 构成合理搭配，再结合前文语境是关于对 于拥抱实验的结果。因此，Bsymptoms( 症状) 符合语境要求。正确选项为 B。 13AhighlightedBincreasedCcontrolledD minimized 【答案】B 【解析】本题为形容词修饰。根据原文“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _（13）risk for colds thats usually _（14）with stress,“，需要选择一个形容词来修饰 risk。在 选项中，Ahighlighted（突出的）B increased （增加的）Ccontrolled（被控制的） Dminimized（最小的） ，对比选项含义， B“增加的风险 ”更符合原文语境。 14ApresentedBequippedCassociatedD compared 【答案】C 【解析】此题为固定搭配题。A 和 B 选项不可以和 with 连接。C associated 可以和 with 连接，意为 “与。 。 。有关联” 。Dcompared 和 with 连接表示“和。 。相比 ”不符合文章要求。因此，本题正确选 项为 C. 于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 6 - 15AassessBgenerateCmoderateDrecord 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查动宾搭配。根据原文“Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _（15）the feeling”，需要选择一个动词能够和后文的 “the feeling”搭配。分析选项含义：Aassess（评估） Bgenerate（产生）Cmoderate（缓和）Drecord （记录） ，四个选项中，B “generate the feeling” 产生感觉搭配最为合理。因此正选为 B。 16Ain the name ofBin the form ofCin the face ofDin the way of 【答案】C 【解析】此题为短语搭配题。分析选项含义 Ain the name of（以为名）Bin the form of（以的 形式）Cin the face of（面对）Din the way of（以 的方式） ，结合文章语境，应为“面对困难” 搭配最为合理。因此，正确选项为 C。 17AattributeBcommitCtransferD return 【答案】A 【解析】此题为固定搭配题。即：attribute sth to sth .因此正确选项为 A 18AunlessBbecauseCthoughDuntil 【答案】B 【解析】此题为逻辑关系题。选项含义 Aunless（除非）Bbecause（因为）Cthough （虽然） Duntil（直到。 。 。才） 。结合原文语境， “often called “the bonding hormone“_（18）it promotes attachment in relationships,”（经常被称之为“形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙”.它促进了关系的依赖。 ）从本 句来看，前后文属于因果逻辑关系。因此正确选项为 B 19AremainsB emergesC vanishesDdecreases 【答案】A 【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为 Aremains （仍然） Bemerges（出现）C vanishes （消失） Ddecreases（减少）结合语境信息“But some of it _（19）in the brain, ”C 和 D 选项跟文章含义 相反。而 B 选项只表示一种动作。A 选项表示它仍然在大脑里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正确选项 为 A。 where it _（20）mood, behavior and physiology. 20AexperiencesBcombinesCjustifiesD influences 【答案】D 【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为 Aexperiences（经历）Bcombines（结合）Cjustifies（替 某人辩护，证明合理）Dinfluences（影响） 。根据原文语境， “where it _（20）mood, behavior and physiology.”能够搭配后面并列的三个宾语“情绪、行为、和生理” ，只有 D“影响”因此正确选 项为 D。 Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or 于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 7 - D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points） Text 1 First two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious. Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to A explain Americans tolerance of current security checks. B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide. C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports. D emphasize the importance of privacy protection. 22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports? A New restrictions on carry-on bags. B The declining efficiency of the TSA. C An increase in the number of travellers. D Frequent unexpected secret checks. 于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 8 - 23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to A quieter. B cheaper. C wider. D faster. 24. One problem with the PreCheck program is A a dramatic reduction of its scale. B its wrongly-directed implementation. C the governments reluctance to back it. D an unreasonable price for enrollment. 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A Less Screening for More Safety B PreCheck a Belated Solution C Getting Stuck in Security Lines D Underused PreCheck Lanes 答案：21-25 ACDDC 21. 答案【A】explain Americans tolerance of current security checks. 解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。根据题干关键词 the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 定 位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之前，因此 该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全检查。正确 答案 A 的 Americans tolerance 是原文 Americans are willing to tolerate 的原词复现，current security checks 是原文的 time-consuming security 的同义转化。干扰项 B 的 urgency to strengthen security worldwide，原文未提及 worldwide，属于扩大范围；选项 C 的 major U.S. major airports 属于具体信息的干扰；选项 D 的 privacy 隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。 22. 答案【C】An increase in the number of travelers. 解析：本题目为原因细节题。根据题干中的 long waits at major airports 定位到原文第三段的第 二句，原文的 resulted in 与题干中的 contributed to 是同义转化，所以定位内容就是提升的安全 措施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案 C 的 an increase in the number of travelers 是原文 a rise in airline travel 的同义替换。干扰项 A 的 carry-on bags 是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句 内容；选项 B 的 TSA efficiency 也出现在第四段；选项 D 的 unexpected secret checks 未提及。 23. 答案【D】faster. 解析：本题目为词义句意题，考察上下文逻辑关系。根据题干，定位到第 5 段第 3 句， “Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes”，结合下 一句中的这样会 saving time for everyone involved，即可以节省时间的安检，与选项对应就是答 案 D faster 更快。干扰项 A 更安静，选项 B 更便宜，选项 C 更广泛，都无关，属于常识性干 扰。 24. 答案【D】an unreasonable price for enrollment. 解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干关键词 problem with the PreCheck program 定位到倒数第 二段的第二句话 this price tag has been the PreChecks fatal flaw.本句中的代词 this 代词指代本段 第一句话，说的是 Passengers 必须每五年 pay 85 美元来做 background checks。正确答案 D 中 的 unreasonable price 是原文的 85 美元，enrollment 就是原文的 process background checks。干 于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 9 - 扰项 A 其规模的极具下滑未提及，选项 C 其错误的执行属于过度推理，选项 C 政府不愿意支 持是对原文的曲解。 25. 答案【C】Getting Stuck in Security Lines 解析：本题目为全文主旨题。全文的中心主题出现在第一段和二段首句的范围。第一段介绍事 实背景，第二段首句提及了美国人对于安全检查方面的状况，并在下文提及了所出现的问题。 正确答案 C 安检流程线陷入困境是对原文的总结概括。干扰项 A 的 Screening 是原文的具体 细节，选项 B 和选项 D 的 PreCheck 是原文最后三段的内容。 Text 2 “The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos. At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars. 26. Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates A her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy. B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times. D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time. 于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 10 - 27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to A its geographical features. B its protective surroundings. C its religious implications. D its existing infrastructure. 28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk ruining their intellectual life. B it reminds them of a humiliating history. C their culture will lose a chance of revival. D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea. 29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians. B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world. C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture. D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility. 30. The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of A severe criticism. B passive acceptance. C slight hesitancy. D full approval. 答案：26-30 BABCD 26. 答案【B】the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. 解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的关键词 Queen Liliuokalani 的 remark 定位到第一段 的第一句，所 indicate 的内容是在第一段的第二句话，意思是观星者是在 Hawaiian 社会中最受 尊重的成员。正确选项 B 的 the importance of astronomy 是原文 star watchers were among the most esteemed members 的总结概括， in ancient Hawaiian society 是原文的原词出现。干扰项 A 的 historical role 属于原文信息的曲解，选项 C 的 regrettable decline 未提及，过度推理，选项 D 不是 in her time，是她评论 ancient 的观星者。 27. 答案【A】its geographical features. 解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的大写字母 Mauna Kea，以及关键词 ideal astronomical site 定位到第二段 But 后面的内容。But 后面说 Mauna Kea 是世界上最有力量的望 远镜 home。本题目问的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，这里提到 Mauna Kea 的顶峰高于大部 分的浓密大气层。选项 A 中的 geographical features 就是地质特色的意思，属于同义替换。干 扰项 B 的受保护的周边环境未提及，是常识性干扰；选项 C 的宗教暗示根据本段首句 worship 进行干扰，不在定位句里；选项 D 现有的基础设施未提及。 28. 答案【B】it reminds them of a humiliating history. 解析：本题目属于原因细节题。根据题干关键词 the construction of the TMT 以及 opposed by some locals 定位到第四段第二句，这里提到 a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation，对曾经主权国家遭占领的痛苦提醒。选项 B 中的 remind 是原文的原词复现， 于 2016.1.25 整理完成- 11 - a humiliating history（令人耻辱的历史）是对 the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation 的同义转化及总结概括。 29. 答案【C】may