双语分子生物学复习资料

1. （核酸性质减色性，双链 DNA，单链 DNA,寡核苷酸 ）Which has the highest absorption per unit mass at a wavelength of 260 nm? ( B ) A RNA.B mononucleotides. C double-stranded DNA. D protein. 减色性跟紫外最大吸收峰 Nucleotides（260） RNAssDNAdouble-stranded DNA 4.（RNA 的转录时，DNA 的模板链和编码链（有义链和反义链） ）mRNA 互补（）的链是 模板链（或称反义链，与反义链互补的是有义链） 。 The sequence 5-AGTCTGACT-3 in DNA is equivalent to which sequence in RNA?( C ) 给你 DNA 序列，找到对应的 RNA 序列，给你 RNA 序列，找到对应的 DNA 序列。 A5-AGUCUGACU-3B5-UGTCTGUCT-3 C 5-UCAGUCUGA-3D 5-AGUCAGACU-3 DNA 双链维持的结构是什么？ A H-bonds and disulfide bonds（二硫键） B base stacking interaction（碱基堆积力）and peptide bonds C hydrophobic interaction（疏水相互作用） and H-bonds D base stacking interaction and hydrophobic interaction 碱基堆积和疏水相互作用 10.Which one of following statements about telomere（端粒）and teromerase（端粒酶）is false?( B ) A Telomere contains up to hundreds copies of a short repeated sequence. BTeromerase is a typical DNA polymerase. （端粒酶不是经典的 DNA 聚合酶） C The activities of telomerase are related to the development stages and tissue types. D The telomere is synthesized by the enzyme telomerase and DNA polymerase. 11. Which one of the following statements about telomere（端粒） and telomerase（端粒酶） is true? ( C )（概念） A The activity of telomerase is very low in cancer and germ cell. B Telomere is long stretches at the ends of the chromosome and rich in G-C. CTelomerase is the reverse transcriptase responsible for the extension of telomeric repeat D Telomerase is complex of DNA, protein and RNA. 8 种必须氨基酸 14.Which is the major forces between the amino acids in the polypeptides(多肽链) ? ( ) A H-bonds and disulfide bonds（二硫键）B base stacking interaction（碱基堆积力） C hydrophobic interaction（疏水相互作用）D peptide bonds （肽键）核酸是 3，5 磷 酸二酯键 21. Which one of the following statements about DNA secondary structure is not true? ( D ) A The basic features of DNA double helix were deduced by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in 1953l. B The structure identified by James D. Watson and Francis Crick is known as B-form DNA which is right-handed form（右手螺旋） . C Under conditions of low humidity, DNA can be induced to form A-form DNA . D Z-form DNA is right-handed like the B-form DNA .（是左手） For example: telomere replication 端粒复制 1bpbase pairs 碱基对 2GMO Genetically modified organism 基因修饰生物 3The approximate purity of dsDNA preparations may be estimated by determination of the ratio of absorbance at 260 and 280 nm (A260/A280), pure dsDNA has an A260/A280 of 1.8, and pure RNA one of around 2.0. 4. mononucleotide 单核苷酸 5. 核酸 Nucleic acid 6. 染色体 chromosome 7.Gly and pro(脯氨酸) often occur in the beta-turn of protein secondary structure 8. 核苷酸 Nucleotide, ，核苷 Nucleoside ，核小体 Nucleosome 2. Which one of the following statements about transcription in E.coliis true? ( D ) A the10 sequence is always exactly 10 bp upstream from the transcription start site. B the initiating nucleotide is always a G. C the intervening sequence between the 35 and 10 sequences is conserved.（保守的）. D the distance between the 35 and 10 sequences is critical for transcription efficiency. 3. E.coli release factor1 (RF1) recognizes which codons? ( D ) RF2 识别 UGA and UAA A UAA only.B UAG only. C UGA and UAA.DUAG and UAA. 5. Which topoisomerase is to segregate daughter DNA after replication in prokaryote? （ D ）原核生物 DNA 复制好后怎么把酯链的 DNA 分开？ A topoisomerase (拓扑异构酶) I B topoisomerase II C topoisomerase III D topoisomerase IV 8.In eukaryotes, the leading and lagging strands are synthesized by DNA polymerase (B ), respectively. ADNA pol a and DNA pol B DNApoland DNA pol a CDNA poland DNA pol DDNA pol a and DNA pol 70 因子非常重要 10.In eukaryotes, mtDNA(线粒体 DNA) is replicated by the ( C ). ADNA pol aB DNA polCDNA pol（DNA 聚合酶 ） DDNA pol 14. The following replication factors（复制因子）bind DNA in the initiation of bacterial （细菌）DNA replication except ( A ). ADnaABDnaBCDnaGD RPA BCD 在起始的时候发挥作用 15.The yeast（酵母） replication origin is called autonomously replicating sequence (自主 复制序列 ARS), also called ( D ). A Ori A B Ori B C Ori C （细菌的起始序列）D Ori R 改下题目：在真核生物里面酵母菌的复制起始点 Ori C 和 Ori R 又叫什么 ARS 1RF replicative form 复制叉 2In lactose operon, the lacZ gene expression is induced by rather than（而不是）lactose 3 itself, however, in our experiment, is used to add to themedium（培养基）for induction of lacZ gene expression.异乳糖比乳糖诱导作用更强 3 primer 引物 4. replication 复制 5. tanscription 转录 6.The operon model consists of 启动子、 操纵子、structrure gene and regulation genes（调节 基因）. 1. Which one of the following statements about PCR is false? ( C ) A PCR uses thermostable（热稳定的） DNA polymerases. B ideally, PCR primers should be of similar length and G+C content. C PCR optimization usually includes varying the magnesium（镁离子）concentration and the polymerization temperature（聚合温度）.镁离子浓度非常重要，不能随意调整浓度，一般恒 定。 D if PCR was 100% efficient ,one target molecule would amplify to 2n after n cycles. 2.（RNA 加工，结合时）Which one of the following statements correctly describes the splicing process undergone by most eukaryotic pre-mRNAs? ( C ) A in the first step of splicing the G at the 3-end of the intron is joined to the 2-hydroxyl（羟基） group of the A residue of the branchpoint（分枝点） sequence to create a lariat（套索）. B in a two-step reaction, the spliceosome（剪接体） removes the exon as a lariat and joins the two introns together. C the U1 snRNP initially binds to the 5-splice site,U2 to the branchpoint（分支点） sequence and then the tri-snRNP,U4,U5 and U6 can bind.（没有 U3 的） D splicing requires conserved sequences,which are the 5-splice site,the3-splice site,theibranchpoint and the polypurine tract (聚嘌呤序列). 3. （遗传密码子的特性）Which of the following list of features correctly apply to the genetic code? ( A ) A triplet（三联体）, degenerate（简并性）,nearly universal （几乎是通用的） ,comma-less（无逗点） , nonoverlapping（不重叠） B triplet, universal, comma-less, degenerate, nonoverlapping C overlapping（重叠）, triplet, comma-less, degenerate, nearly universal D overlapping, comma-less, nondegenerate（非简并性）, nearly universal, triplet 4. Most eukaryotic pre-mRNAs are matured by which of the following modifications to their ends? mRNA 前体的加工分 别哪些构成 ( B ) A capping atthe 3-end , cleavage（切割）and polyadenylation（聚腺苷酸化）at the 5-end. B addition of a GMP to the 5-end , cleavage and polyadenylation to create the 3-end. 5加帽，切除，3端加上 polyadeA C addition of a GMP to the 5-end ,polyadenylation , then cleavage to create the 3-end. D addition of a guanine residue（鸟嘌呤） to the 5-end , cleavage and polyadenylation to create the 3-end. 6. Which endonuclease can creat one blunt-end(平端) enzyme in gene manipulation?( B ) AEcoRI（GAATCC ）B EcoRV CNdeI DXhoI 9. The following transcription factors bind DNA in a zinc finger motif except ( A ). 除了什么不是辛指结构 A TFIIIA B Cortisol receptor（激素受体）C Jun-fos （亮氨酸拉链结构）D Sp1（亲 子结构） 11. In protein biosynthesis, the translocation of Ribosome is realized by the the elongation factor( C ). A EF-Tu（辅助 tRNA 上去结合） B EF-Ts C EF-G（延伸因子 G 是 识别核糖体的） D EF-Tu and EF-Ts 12. （原核生物蛋白质的合成里）In protein biosynthesis, the formation of one peptide bond needs ( C ). 原核生物蛋白质的合成起始里花了 1 ATP and 3 GTP，终止时再花去 1 GTP A 2 GTP and 1 ATP B 1GTP and 3 ATP C 1 ATP and 3 GTP D 2 ATP and 2 GTP 终止时还要花去一个 GPR 15. （考查 18S，5.8S ，28S 基因的转录）Which one of the following statements about RNA Pol I transcription is false? ( C )基因的结构要清楚 ASL1 contains several subunits including the TATA-binding protein TBP. B inAcanthamoeba there is a single control element in rRNA gene pr