哈尔滨医科大学2001级组织学与胚胎学期末考试试题

哈尔滨医科大学哈尔滨医科大学 20012001 级组织学与胚胎学期末考试试题级组织学与胚胎学期末考试试题 哈尔滨医科大学组织学与胚胎学试题题签哈尔滨医科大学组织学与胚胎学试题题签 0101 级基础七年制级基础七年制 一、一、SelectSelect subjectsubject. Each item is followed by five answers. Please select the best one answer.（300.7=21 分） （答案请写在多选题答题卡上） 1. Which one of the following statements about epithelia is FALSE? (A) They are polarized (B) They are vascular (C) They are separated from underlying connective tissue by a basal lamina (D) They contain only a small amount of intercellular substance (E) They line the lumen of blood vessels 2. All of the following cells arise from cells arise from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells within connective tissue and remain there permanently EXCEPT？ (A) pericytes (B) eosinophils (C) fibrolasts (D) osteoblasts (E) adipocytes 3.Which one of the following cells arises from monocytes? (A) Plasma cell (B) Fibroblasts (C) Lymphocytes (D) Macrophages (E) Mast cell 4.Energy production in mature erythrocytes is accomplished by which one of the following? (A) Glycolytic pathway (B) Mitochondria (C) Electron transport system (D) Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) (E) Golgi complex 5.Which one of the following statements regarding osteocytes is FALSE? (A) They communicate with each other via haversian canals (B) They live for a long time (C) They possess long cytoplasmic processes (D) They are housed in their own lacunae (E) Osteocytes communicate with each other via narrow cytoplasmic processes that extend through canaliculi. 6.Which one of the following statements regarding cartilage is FALSE? (A) Its growth rate is increased by testosterone and thyroxine (B) Its growth rate is decreased by cortisone and estradiol (C) Fibrocartilage is the cartilage model in endochondral bone formation (D) The matrix of elastic cartilage is identical to that of hyaline cartilage except that it contains elastic fibers (E)Hyaline cartilage is the cartilage model associated with endochondral bone formation. 7.Which of the following statements concerning mature skeletal muscle is FALSE ? (A) The cells are multinucleated (B) A sarcomere is the region between two successive Z disks (C) The nuclei are centrally located (D) Myofidrils display a characteristic crossbanding pattern (E) Actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin are present 8.The axon hillock contains (A) rough endoplasmic reticulum (B) ribosomes (C) microtubules (D) Golgi complex (E) synaptic vesicles 9.Which of the following statements concerning the epicardium is TRUE? (A) It is continuous with the endocardium (B) It is the visceral pericardium (C) It possesses modified cardiac muscle cells (D) It functions to increase intraventricular pressure (E) It possesses cardiac muscle cells 10.Which of the following cell types is present in the gastric glands of the pyloric stomach? (A) Goblet cells (B) Mucous neck cells (C) Paneth cells (D) Basal cells (E) Chief cells 11.All of the following material can be absorbed directly by the surface absorptive cell of the intestines EXCEPT (A) water (B) monosaccharide (C) free fatty acids (D) ions (E) small peptides 12.Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is FALSE? (A) It possesses islets of Langerhans (B) It possess serous demilunes (C) It contains more beta cells than alpha cells (D) It exhibits large, electron-lucent granules in its S cells. (E) Its acinar cells contain a round nucleus 13.Which of the following statements concerning liver sinusoids is TRUE? (A) They are continuous with bile canaliculi (B) They are surrounded by a well developed basal lamina (C) They are lined by nonfenestrated endothelial cells (D) They deliver blood to the central vein (E) They deliver blood to portal vein 14.Circulating antibodies are synthesized and secreted by which of the following cells? (A) T memory cells (B) B memory cells (C) T helper cells (D) Plasma cells (E) T cytotoxic cells 15.Which of the following statements concerning adrenal parenchymal cells is TRUE? (A) Those of the zona fasciculate produce androgens (B) Those of the adrenal medulla produce epinephrine and norepinephrine (C) Those of the zona glomerulosa produce glucocorticoids (D) Those of the cortex contain numerous secretory granules (E) Those of the adrenal medulla produce glucocorticoids 16. The blood-gas barrier in alveoli may include each of the following EXCEPT? (A) cytoplasm of a type pneumocyte (B) basal lamina of type alveolar cells (C) cytoplasm of a type pneumocyte (D) endothelium of a continuous capillary (E) basal lamina of an endothelial cell 17. Which of the following statements about Langerhans cells is TRUE? (A) They commonly are found in the dermis (B) They function as sensory mechanoreceptors (C) They function as receptors for cold (D) They play an immunologic role in the skin (E) They are of epithelial origin 18. Renal filtration barrier consists of all of the following components EXCEPT (A) The fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries (B) The basal lamina (C) The filtration slits with diaphragms between pedicels (D) Medullary rays (E) Renal capsule 19. A nephron includes all of the following components EXCEPT (A) A renal corpuscle (B) A distal convoluted tubule (C) A thin limb of the loop of Henle (D) A collecting tubule (E) Pars recta of the proximal tubule 20. All of the following cell types are found in the brain EXCEPT (A) Purkinje cells (B) Stellate cells (C) Schwann cells (D) Small granule cells (E) Pyramidal cells 21. Seminiferous tubules contain all of the following components EXCEPT (A) Sertoli cells (B) Spermatocytes (C) A fibrous connective tissue tunic (D) Skeletal muscle in their tunica propria (E) A germinal epithelium 22. Which of the following statements concerning secondary ovarian follicles is TRUE? (A) They lack liquor folliculi (B) They contain a secondary oocyte (C) Their continued maturation requires FSH (D) They lack a theca externa (E) They have a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells surrounding the oocyte 23.Prolactin is synthesized and secreted by which of the following cells? (A) Acidophils in the pars distails (B) Basophils in the pars tuberalis (C) Somatotrophs in the pars distalis (D) Basophils in the pars intermedia (E) Chief cell 24. In which of the following sites do lymphocytes become immunocompetent? (A) Germinal center of secondary lymphoid nodules (B) White pulp of the spleen (C) Thymus cortex (D) Red pulp of the spleen (E) Paracortex of lymph nodes 25. Which of the following statements is NOT the process of the tissue preparation? (A) Fixation (B) Dehydration (C) Embedment (D) Cover slip (E) Microscope 26.Which one of the following statements about stratified squamous epithelium is FALSE? (A) The surface layer of cells may be keratinized (B) The cells in its most superficial layer are cuboidal (C) It is supported by a basal lamina (D) Its cells possess desmosomes (E) Stratified squamous epithelium is characterized by flattened cells in its superficial layer. 27. Of the following cell types found in connective tissue, which is most often present along capillaries and resembles fibroblasts? (A) Plasma cell (B) Lymphocyte (C) Macrophage (D) Pericyte (E) Mast cells 28. Which of the following are present in elastic arteries but are NOT seen in muscular arteries? (A) Elastic fibers (B) Factor (C) Fenestrated membranes (D) External elastic lamina (E) Basement membrane 29. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by which of the following cells? (A) Chromophobes in the pars distalis (B) Neurosecretory cells in the median eminence (C) Acidophils in the pars distalis (D) Neurons of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus (E) None of the above 30. Whih of the following statements regarding the cerebrospinal fluid is FALSE? (A) It is secreted by the choroids plexus (B) It bathes and nourishes the brain and spinal cord (C) It is composed mostly of protein with little sodium and potassium (D) It is resorbed by arachnoid villi (E) Blockage of its pathway leads to hydrocephalus 二、填空题二、填空题（100.5=5 分） 1、 毛细血管在电镜下分为（ ）、（ ）、 （ ），其三个基本功能是（ ）、 （ ）、（ ）。 2、 气血屏障由（ ）、（ ）、 （ ）和（ ）构成。 三、论述题三、论述题（24 分） 1 食入的蛋白质在小肠内分解为氨基酸后经小肠哪些结构进入血液，然后经 何途径入肝？ 入肝后又经过哪些结构进入肝细胞？ （5 分） 2 试述化学突触的结构（包括超微结构）。（5 分） 3 何为子宫内膜的月经周期？分泌期子宫内膜内基质细胞是如何分化的？ （4 分） 4 试述粗、细肌丝的分子结构特点。（5 分） 5 试述淋巴结的结构与功能。（5 分） 四、胚胎题四、胚胎题（10 分） 1.填图(Fill the blank of embryonic picture)（50.5=2.5 分） 2. 解释下列胚层来源（50.5=2.5 分） 毛 心肌 输精管 食管上皮 小脑 3. 解释畸形（5 分） （1）腭裂(cleft lip)（1 分） （2）马蹄肾(horseshoe kidney) （1 分） （3）隐睾（cryptorchidism）（1 分） （4）房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect) （2 分） 哈尔滨医科大学组织学与胚胎学试题答案哈尔滨医科大学组织学与胚胎学试题答案 01 级基础七年制级基础七年制 一、选择题一、选择题 1B 2.B 3.D 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. D 20. C 21. D 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. E 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. E 30. C 二、填空题二、填空题（100.5=5 分） 1.毛细血管在电镜下分为（连续毛细血管）、（有孔毛细血管）、 （血窦），其三个基本功能是（选择性通透与物质交换）、（合成 和代谢活动）、（抗血栓形成）。 2.气血屏障由（肺泡表面液泡层）、（I 型肺泡细胞与基膜）、 （薄层结缔组织）和（毛细血管基膜与内皮）构成。 三、论述题三、论述题（24 分） 1食入的蛋白质在小肠内分解为氨基酸后经小肠哪些结构进入血液， 然后经何途径入肝？ 入肝后又经过哪些结构进入肝细胞？ （5 分） 食物中的蛋白质在小肠内分解为氨基酸后，经小肠绒毛吸收细胞游 离缘的微绒毛入吸收细胞内，经细胞侧面的细胞膜入细胞间隙经基 膜入固有层，经有孔毛细血管内皮外基膜，经有孔内皮入毛细血管 内血液中。然后经门脉进入肝脏。入肝后经小叶间静脉入终末门微 静脉，再进入肝血窦。经内皮细胞孔或细胞间隙进入窦周隙，最后 经肝细胞的绒毛进入肝细胞。 2试述化学突触的结构（包括超微结构）。（5 分） 由突触前膜(突触小泡)、突触间隙和突触后膜(受体)组成。突触是 神经冲动定向传导的重要结构。突触小泡是位于突触前结构(一般为 轴突末梢，或称扣结)内的膜包小泡，电镜下方可看到，是辨认突触 的标志性结构。小泡多为圆形，也有扁平状的，有的清亮，有的有 致密核芯。小泡内含有神经递质或神经调质、表面附有突触小泡相 关蛋白(突触素 I)，使小泡集合并附在细胞骨架上。当神经冲动沿 轴膜传至轴突终末时，细胞外 Ca2进入突触前成分，在 ATP 的参与 下使突触素 I 发生磷酸化，使突触小泡移附在突触前膜上，以出胞 作用释放神经递质到突触间隙内，影响突触后神经元或非神经细胞 的活动。 3何为子宫内膜的月经周期？分泌期子宫内膜内基质细胞是如何分 化的？（4 分） 女性自青春期起至绝经期止，在卵巢激素的直接作用下，每 28 天左右子宫内膜出现一次剥脱，出血和修复，此过程称月经周 期。 子宫内膜分泌期时，内膜基质细胞继续增生分化，形成的细胞体 积增大变