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毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的： 本毕业设计课题的主要目的是培养学生综合运用所学的基础理论、专业知识和专业基本技能分析和解决实际问题，训练初步工程设计的能力。根据机械设计制造及其自动化专业的特点，着重培养以下几方面能力：1调查研究、中外文献检索、阅读与翻译的能力；2综合运用基础理论、专业理论和知识分析解决实际问题的能力；3查阅和使用专业设计手册的能力；4设计、计算与绘图的能力，包括使用计算机进行绘图的能力；5撰写设计说明书（论文）的能力。2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）： 针对常用定量包装机一般采取重力给料方式，无法精确保证计量精度的现状，设计一种适用于流动性差的物料且具有较高计量精度的定量包装机。给料定量包装机要求的技术参数为：1)称量范围：30-50kg；2)通过量(效率)：180-240包/小时；3)精度：0.5%；4)称量斗容量：80升。 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 1.外文参考资料及译文（附原文）；2.毕业设计开题报告一份；3.编写设计说明书一份；4.完整的设计图纸一套。 4主要参考文献： 1 吴相宪，王正为，黄玉堂主编.实用机械设计手册.中国矿业大学出版社，19932 王洪欣，李木，刘秉忠主编.机械设计工程学M.中国矿业大学出版社，20013 唐大放，冯晓宁，杨现卿主编.机械设计工程学M.中国矿业大学出版社，20014 中国纺织大学工程图学教研室等编.画法几何及工程制图.上海科学技术出版社，19975 闻邦椿,刘树英,何勍.包装机械的理论与动态设计方法M.北京：机械工业出版社.2001.6 付长江.强制给料定量包装机的研究.天津:天津科技大学,20107 史美堂主编.金属材料及热处理.上海科学技术出版社，19838 苏翼林主编.材料力学.高等教育出版社，19809 顾崇衔主编.机械制造工艺学.陕西科学技术出版社，199910 王新等编著.AUTO CAD 2002机械设计应用与实例.北京：国防工业出版社,200211 濮良贵主编.机械设计.北京：高等教育出版社,200112 孙桓主编.机械原理.北京：高等教育出版社,200113 徐灏主编.新编机械设计师手册.北京：机械工业出版社,199514 许林成,赵治华,王浩.包装机械原理与设计M.上海:上海科学技术出版社.1988.15 机械工程手册电机工程手册编辑委员会编机械工程手册：机械零部件设计卷M北京：机械工业出版社，199616P Cu.M Hashemian.A Y C.Nee.Adaptable Design J .CIRP.2004.53 (2):1-19.17Meirovitch.L.Elements of Vibration Analysis. New York：McGraw-Hill.1986. 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：2015.12.16- 毕业实习调研，完成开题报告、中英文翻译、论文大纲2016.3.19-2016.4.25 提交论文草稿，4月中旬中期检查2016.4.26-2016.5.6 提交论文定稿2016.5.6-2016.5.13 准备答辩2016.5.13-2016.5.26 答辩，成绩评定，修改完成最终稿 所在专业审查意见：通过负责人： 2016 年 1 月13 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述： 包装是产品进入流通领域的必要条件，而实现包装的主要手段是包装机械。简单来说，包装机就是把产品包装起来的机器，起着保护，美观的作用。包装机主要分为两个方面，一是流水线式的整体生产包装，二是产品外围包装设备随着时代的发展，科技的进步，包装机械在包装领域中正起着越来越大的作用。我国包装机行业起步于20世纪70年代，在80年代末和90代中期的到了迅速发展。已经成为机械行业中的10大行业之一，无论产量，还是品种上，都取得了令人瞩目的成就，为我国的包装工业的快速发张提供了有力的保障。 定量包装机已经广泛应用于粮食、食品、化工、化肥等各生产型企业的各种颗粒状物料，如:塑料粒子、大米、化肥、水泥等，它对于提高企业的定量包装能力、自动化水平、提高生产效率有着十分重要的意义。定量包装机用于把物料从贮料仓或其它贮料设备中均匀或定量的供给到受料设备中，是实行流水作业自动化的必备设备。 目前，我国已成为世界包装机械工业生产和消费十大国之一。新型包装机往往是机、电、气、一体化的设备.充分利用信息产品的最新成果，采用气动执行机构、伺服电机驱动等分离传动技术，可使整机的传动链大大缩短，结构大为化简，工作精度和速度大大提高。机电一体化的实质就是从系统观点出发，运用过程控制原理，将机械、电子与信息、检测等有关技术进行有机组合，实现整体最佳化。 然而，传统的定量包装机一般是采用重力落料方式，对于流动性差，粘度大的物料如食糖，水泥等，采用重力给料无法保证计量精度，课题在分析影响螺旋给料定量包装机包装精度的因素基础上，对传统将会对包装机进行相应改进，提出设计一种螺旋给料定量包装机，从而可大大提高包装机的包装精度，满足产品的包装要求。 国外包装机械业概况美国、日本、德国、意大利是世界上包装机械四大强国。 美国是世界上包装机械发展历史较长的国家，早已形成了独立完整的包装机械体 系，其品种和产量均居世界之首。10多年来，美国始终保持着世界最大包装机械生 产和消费大 国的地位。其产品以高、大、精、尖产品居多，机械与计算机紧密结合，实现机电一体化控制。新型机械产品中以成型、填充、封口三种机械的增长最快，裹包机和薄膜包装机占整个市场份额的15%，纸盒封盒包装机在市场占有率中居第二位。一些大公司生产的包装机械集机-电-仪及微机控制于一体， 采用光电感应，以光标控制，并配有 防静电装置。其大型自动包装机不仅包装容积大，课题的目 的、意义；国 内外技术现 状及发展趋 势 而且能集制袋、称重、充填、抽真 空、封口等工序在一台单机上完成。德国包装机械业多年来始终处于稳定增长状态，出口比例占80%左右。德国是世界上最大的包装机械出口国。 意大利是仅次于德国的第二大包装机械出口国。 意大利的包装机械多用于食品工 业，具有性能优良、外观考究、价格便宜的特点，出口比例占80%左右。目前，世界各国对包装机械的发展都十分重视，集机、电、气、光、生、磁为一 体的高新技术产品不断涌现。生产高效率化、资源高利用化、产品节能化、高新技术实用化、科研成果商业化已成为世界各国包装机械发展的趋势。参考文献1 孙智慧，徐克包装机械概论M北京：印刷工业出版社，2007.6：15-30，602 成大先机械设计手册M北京：化学工业出版社，2008-4-1：10-453 高德包装机械设计M北京：化学工业出版社，2005 4 孙恒. 机械原理M. 北京：高等教育出版社2001.5濮良贵，纪名刚机械设计M北京：高等教育出版社2001312-3166 白柳液压与气压传动M武汉：机械工业出版社，2009-8：30-64 .7 王昆机械设计、机械设计基础课程设计J北京：高等教育出版社，19968 机械零件设计手册（第二版）M北京：冶金工业出版社，1980-11：20-609 现代实用气动技术（第三版）J，SMC（中国）有限公司北京：机械工业出版社，2008-210 Creamer R HMachine DesignJAddison：Wesley PubCo ,197611 Wright R TProcesses of ManufacturingMThe Coodheart：Willcox Company , 198712 Ball and Roller ScrewsEngineering Material and DesignJ19(12),1975C13 陆元章现代机械设备设计手册(2)M.北京：机械工业出版社，199610-3514 吴军主气动工程手册M.北京：国防工业出版社,1995.15 Rpotional and servo valve technology.The hydraulic trainer volume 2M.rexroth.2003.毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 自动定量包装机是轻工业产业中必不可少的自动机械之一。通过本课题能够使我们对包装机械有一个较深的了解，对螺旋式结构，包装机工作过程进行分析研究并有所创新。本课题完成对自动定量包装机机械部分的设计与优化，并完成机械部分的二维图、三维图。其中机械部分的设计先要运用现代设计方法按照要求对其进行优化设计。其中包括储料仓的设计、双螺旋给料机构的设计、夹袋机构的设计与缝包装置的设计等。 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：从“文献综述”看该生在做论文之前对相关资料进行了收集及查阅，对所要研究的对象及研究的步骤有了较清晰的认识。相信该生通过努力能顺利完成本次毕业设计。2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本课题工作量、难度适中。课题具有一定的实际意义，相信通过本课题的研究，能设计出在性能符合实际应用的产品。3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意 指导教师： 2016 年 03 月 06 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 03 月 08 日毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文译文题目： Modern Packaging 现代包装 学生姓名： 杨春 学号： 1222102013 专业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 所在学院： 机电学院 指导教师： 时维元 职称： 讲师 2016年 3 月 4 日说明：要求学生结合毕业设计（论文）课题参阅一篇以上的外文资料，并翻译至少一万印刷符（或译出3千汉字）以上的译文。译文原则上要求打印（如手写，一律用400字方格稿纸书写），连同学校提供的统一封面及英文原文装订，于毕业设计（论文）工作开始后2周内完成，作为成绩考核的一部分。Modern packaging1. Changing Needs and New RolesLooking back, historical changes are understandable and obvious. That all of them have had an impact on the way products are bought, consumed and packaged is also obvious. What is not so obvious is what tomorrow will bring. Yet, it is to the needs, markets, and conditions of tomorrow that packaging professionals must always turn their attention.The forces that drove packaging during the Industry Revolution continue to operate today. The consumer society continues to grow and is possibly best described by a1980s bumper sticker, “born to shop”. We consume goods today at rate 4 to 5 times greater than we did as recently as 1935. Most of these goods are not essential to survival; they constitute what we may call “the good life”.In the second half of the 20th century, the proliferation of goods was so high that packaging was forced into an entirely new role, that of providing the major purchase motivation rather than presenting the goods itself. On a shelf of 10 competing products, all of them similar in performance and quality, the only method of differentiating became the package itself. Marketers aimed at lifestyles, emotional values, subliminal images, features, and advantages beyond the basic product itselfanything that would make a shoppers hand reach for their product rather than the competitors. In some instances, the package has become the product, and occasionally packaging has become entertainment.Globally, the trend toward urbanization continues. Providing increased tonnages of high-quality food to massive city complexes at affordable prices is a problem that continues to challenge packagers. A new concern is the removal of the debris generated by a consumer society and the impact that these consumption rates have on the planers ecology.The makeup, needs, styles, perceptions and wishes of the consuming public are always changing. The packaging professional must be aware of and keep up with these changes or be lost to history.2. Packaging and the modern Industrial SocietyThe importance of packaging to a modern industrial society is most evident when we examine the food-packaging sector. Food is organic in nature, having an animal or plant source. One characteristic of such organic matter is that, by and large, it has a limited natural biological life. A cut of meat, left to itself, might be unfit for human consumption by the next day. Some animal protein products, such as seafood, can deteriorate within hours.The natural shelf life of plant-based food depends on the species and plant part involved. Pulpy fruit portions tend to have a short life span, while seed parts, which in nature have to survive at least till the next growing season, have a longer life. Stalks and leaves separated from the living plant are usually short-lived.In addition to having a limited natural shelf life, most food is geographically and seasonally specific. Thus, potatoes and apples are grown in a few North American geographical regions and harvested during a short maturation period. In a world without packaging, we would need to live at the point of harvest to enjoy these products, and our enjoyment of them would be restricted to the natural biological life span of each.It is by proper storage, packaging and transport techniques that we are able to deliver fresh potatoes and apples, or the products derived from then, throughout the year and throughout the country. Potato-whole, canned, powdered, flaked, chipped, frozen, and instantis available, anytime, anywhere. This ability gives a society great freedom and mobility. Unlike less-developed societies, we are no longer restricted in our choice of where to live, since we are no longer tied to the food-producing ability of an area. Food production becomes more specialized and efficient with the growth of packaging. Crops and animal husbandry are moved to where their production is most economical, without regard to the proximity of a market. Most important, we are free of the natural cycles of feast and famine that are typical of societies dependent on natural regional food-producing cycles.Central processing allows value recovery from what would normally be wasted. By-products of the processed-food industry form the basis of other sub-industries. Chicken feathers are high in protein and, properly milled and treated, can be fed back to the next generation of chickens. Vegetable waste is fed to cattle or pigs. Bagasse, the waste cane form sugar pressing, is a source of fiber for papermaking. Fish scales are refined to make additives for paints and nail polish.The economical manufacture of durable goods also depends on good packaging. A products cost is directly related to production volume. A facility building 10000 bicycles per year for local sale could not make bicycles as cheaply as a 3-million-unit-a-year plant intended to capture the national facility. Both would fail in competition against a 100-million-unit world marker facility. But for a national or international bicycle producer to succeed, it must be a way of getting the product to a market, which may be half a world away. Again, sound packaging, in this case distribution packaging, is a key part of the system.Some industries could not exist without an international market. For example, Canada is a manufacturer of irradiation equipment, but the Canadian market could not possibly support such a manufacturing capability. However, by selling to the world, a manufacturing facility becomes viable. In addition to needing packaging for the irradiation machinery and instrumentation, the sale of irradiation equipment requires the safe packaging and transport of radioactive isotopes, a separate challenge in itself.3. World PackagingThis discussion has referred to primitive packaging and the evolution of packaging functions. However, humankinds global progress is such that virtually every stage in the development of society and packaging is present somewhere in the world today.Thus, a packager in a highly developed country will agonize over choice of package type, hire expensive marketing groups to develop images to entice the targeted buyer and spend lavishly on graphics. In less-developed countries, consumers are happy to have food, regardless of the package. At the extreme, consumers will bring their own packages or will consume food on the spot, just as they did 2000years ago.Packagers from the more-developed countries sometimes have difficulty working with less-developed nations, for the simple reason that they fail to understand that their respective packaging priorities are completely different. Similarly, developing nations trying to sell goods to North American markets cannot understand our preoccupation with package and graphics.The significant difference is that packaging plays a different role in a market where rice will sell solely because it is available. In the North American market, the consumer may be confronted by five different companies offering rice in 30t so variations. If all the rice is good and none is inferior, how does a seller create a preference for his particular rice? How does he differentiate? The package plays a large role in this process.The package-intensive developed countries are sometimes criticized for overpackaging, and certainly overpackaging does exist. However, North Americans also enjoy the worlds cheapest food, requiring only about 11 to 14% of our disposable income. European food costs are about 20% of disposable income, and in the less-developed countries food can take 95% of family income.It is simplistic to say that the less-developed countries do not have adequate land to raise enough food, although in some few instances this is true. United Nationss studies have shown that many countries in which hunger exists actually raise enough food for their population. However, without adequate means of preservation, protection and transportation, up to 50% of the food raised never survives for human consumption. Food goes beyond its natural biological life, spoils, is lost, is infested with insects or eaten by rodents, gets wet in the rain, leaks away or goes uneaten for numerous reasons, all of which sound packaging principles can prevent. Furthermore, in a poor economy that can afford no waste, no industries recover secondary value from food by-products.The United Nations maintains staff whose purpose is to increase packaging level and sophistication in less-developed countries. Packaging is perceived to be a weapon against world hunger.现代包装1、包装发展的必要性与发展前景回首往昔，包装的变化发展历程是显而易见的。这些产品的包装影响了人们对产品的消费和购买方式，从而可见消费和包装的关系是很紧密的。谁也不能确定明天的社会需要会是一种什么场景，然而，包装专业人员们必须始终把注意力转向包装行业，因为这是将来市场的需要。在大众包装行业推动包装工业革命继续运作的今天，消费者市场的继续增长。“商店丛生”可能是80世纪以来对包装进入一新阶段的最好的描述。人们今天的消费商品率大于自1935年以来的4到5倍。这些货物的大部分是否有存在的必要，关乎着我们可以称之为的“美好生活” 。在20世纪下半年，包装被赋予一个全新的角色，即为消费者提供了主要购买动机，这种魅力货物本身，从而使货物的扩散如此之高。架子上的10个同类产品，即这些产品拥有类似的性能和质量，唯一的胜出方法便是产品的包装。营销旨在使购物者亲身接触产品来体现其生活方式，情感价值观念，潜意识的图像，其功能和优势超出基本产品本身任何东西，而不是竞争对手。在某些情况下，软包装已成为产品，偶尔的包装已成为娱乐。在全球范围内，城市化的趋势仍在继续，需要以大规模的城市综合体可承受的价格来提供更多高品质食品，进而继续挑战包装是一个问题。消费者市场和这些消费率对生态环境的影响，使人们产生了一种新的值得关注的包装观念。市民在化妆，需求，风格，观念和消费的意愿在不断地变化。专业的包装必须了解和跟上这些变化及历史的进程。2、包装和现代工业社会当食品包装部门接受检查时，现代工业社会包装的重要性是最明显的。有机食品是性质上特征之一是会拥有动物或植物的来源。例如，总的来说，有机物是有一个有限的自然生物的生活。在以后的生活中减少了肉类可能是不适于人类消费的观念。有些动物性蛋白质产品，如海鲜，可在数小时内恶化。自然保质期以植物为基础的食品取决于植物的种子和植物的一部分参与。水果果肉的部分往往寿命很短，而种子的部分，它从性质上说已生存至少到下一个生长季节，保质期会更长些。茎叶分离的活体植物保质期通常是短暂的。除了有一个有限的天然保质期，大多数食物是有其特殊地理和季节性要求的。因此，土豆和苹果生长在少数北美地区和收获期间短成熟期。如果世界上没有包装，我们将不能收集储存喜欢的食物，而仅限于享受每个食物其自