2014年全国职称英语考试 理工类 完型填空（完形填空） 15篇全 三栏版小抄版.pdf

第一篇第一篇 captaincaptain cookcook arrowarrow legendlegend it was a great legend while it lasted，but dna testing has (1)(1) finallyfinally ended a two-century-old story of the hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of british explorer captain james cook(2)(2) whowho died in the sandwich islandsin 1779. “there is (3)(3) nono cook in the australian museum，museum collection manager jude philip said not long ago in announcing the dna evidence that the arrow was not made of cooks bone.but that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its(4)(4) exhibitionexhibition ， “uncovered： treasures of the australian museum,” which(5)(5) doesdoes include a feather cape presented to cook by hawaiian king kalaniopuu in 1778. cook was one of britains great explorers and is credited with(6)(6) discoveringdiscovering the“great south land，“(7)(7) nownow australia, in 1 770.he was clubbed to death in the sandwich islands，now hawaii。 the 1egend of cooks arrow began in 1824 (8)(8) whenwhen hawaiian king kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to william adams，a london surgeon and relative of cooks wife，saying it was made of cooks bone after the fatal(9)(9) fightfight with islanders. in the 1890s the arrow was given to the australian museum and the legend continued (10)(10) untiluntil it came face=to-face with science. dna testing by laboratories in australia and new zealand revealed the arrow was not made of cooks bone but was more (11)(11) likelylikely made of animal bone。said philp. however, cooks fans (12)(12) refuserefuse to give up hope that one cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of cooks body was (13)(13) buriedburied at sea in 1 779.“on this occasion technology has won“， ”said cliff thornton， president of the captain cook society, in a (14)(14) statementstatement from britain.“but i am (15)(15) suresure that one of these daysone of the cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day. 第二篇第二篇 avalancheavalanche andand itsits safetysafety an avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. avalanches are (1(1) amongamong the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property. all avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope (2(2) thatthat supports it. determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is (3(3)likelylikely to cause an avalanche, (4(4) is is a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors. terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low (5)(5)riskrisk of avalanche. snow does not (6(6)gathergather significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not (7(7)flowflow easily on flat slopes. human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snows angle of rest is (8)(8)betweenbetween 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. the rule of thumb is: a slope that is (9)(9) flatflat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generateanavalanche,regardlessoftheangle. additionally, avalanche risk increases with (10)(10) useuse ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur. due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. good avalanche safety is a continuous (11)(11) processprocess , including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather (12)(12) conditionsconditions , and human factors. several well-known good habits can also(13(13) reducereduce the risk. if local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid (14)(14) attentionattention to. never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are （1515） missingmissing or damaged. avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche. 第三篇第三篇 giantgiant structuresstructures （20132013 年已考）年已考） it is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modem world since every year more _1_wonderful_ constructions appear. here are three giant structures which are worthy of our _2admiration_ although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders. the petronas twin towers the petronas towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999. with a _3height_ of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of kuala lumpur.at the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city. the american _4architct_ cesar pelli designed the skyscrapers. constructed of high-strength concrete, the building provides around 1，800 square metres of office space _5_on_ every floor.and it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base. other _6_features_ of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel sunshades. the miuau bridge the millau bridge was opened in 2004 in the tam valley， in southern france. _7at_ the time it was built，it was the worlds highest bridge, _8resching_ over 340m at the highest point. the bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. it was built to _9_relieve_ millaus congestion problems. the congestion was then caused by traffic passing from paris to barcelona in spain. the bridge was built to withstand the _10_most_ extreme seismic and climatic conditions. besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years! the itaipu dam the itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. it consists of a series of dams across the river parana, _11which_ forms a natural border between brazil and paraguay. started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two _12countries_. the dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. in 1995 it produced 78% of paraguays and 25% of brazils _13_energy_ needs. in its construction, the _14amount_ of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 eiffel towers. it is a _15truly_ amazing wonder of engineering. 第四篇第四篇 animalanimal s s “ “sixthsixth sensesense” ” a tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the indian ocean in december, 2004. it killed tens of thousands of people in asia and east africa. wild animals, （1 1）howeverhowever, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. this phenomenon adds weight to notions that i they possess a “sixth sense” for （2 2）disastersdisasters, experts said. sri lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the indian ocean islands coast clearly （3 3）missedmissed wild beasts, with no dead animals found. “no elephants are dead, not （ 4 4 ）eveneven dead rabbit. i think animals can （5 5）sensesense disaster. they have a sixth sense. they know when things are happening.” h.d. ratnayake, deputy director of sri lankas wildlife department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. the （6 6）waveswaves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at yala national park in the ravaged southeast, sri lankas biggest wildlife （7 7）reservereserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards. “there has been a lot of （8 8）apparentapparent evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. but it has not been proven,” said matthew van lierop an animal behavior（9 9）specialistspecialist at johannesburg zoo. “there have been no （1010）specificspecific studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field setting2,” he told reuters. other authorities concurred with this （1111）assessmentassessment. “wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain （1212）phenomenonphenomenon, especiallybirdsthereare manyreportsof birdsdetecting impending disasters,” said clive walker, who has written several books on african wildlife. animals（1313） certainlycertainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators. the notion of an animal “sixth sense”-or （1414）somesome other mythical power-is an enduring one3 which the evidence on sri lankas ravaged coast is likely to add to. the romans saw owls （1515）asas omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes. 第五篇第五篇 singingsingingalarmsalarms couldcould savesave thethe blindblind if you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building - and that could be fatal. a company in leeds could change all that （1 1）withwith directional sound alarms capable if guiding you to the exit. sound alert, a company （2 2） runrun byby the university of leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for （3 3）blindblind people in sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in cumbria.（4 4）thethe alarmsalarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the （5 5）soundsound is coming from. deborah withington of sound alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be（6 6） heardheard by humans. “its a burst of white noise（7 7） thatthat people say sounds like static on the radio,”she says. “its life-saving potential is great.” she conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermalimaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large（8 8） smoke-filledsmoke-filled room. it （9 9）tooktook them nearly four minutes to find the door （1010）withoutwithout a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one. withington studies how the brain （1111）processesprocesses sounds at the university. she says that the （1212）sourcesource of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. alarms （1313）basedbased onon the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles. the alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up（1414） oror down stairs. they were （1515）developeddeveloped with the aid of a large grant from british nuclear fuels. 第六篇第六篇 carcar thievesthieves couldcould bebe stoppedstopped remotelyremotely speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. but he is in a nasty surprise. the car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine 1 1 offoff , he will not be able to start it again. for now, such devices 2 2 areare only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. but remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and 3 3 shouldshould be available to ordinary cars in the uk 4 4 in in two months. theideagoeslikethis.a controlboxfittedtothe carincorporates 5 5 a a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a gps satellite positioning receiver. 6 6 if if the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine 7 7 beingbeing restarted. there are even plans for immobilizers 8 8 thatthat shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system. in the uk. an array of technical fixes is already making 9 9 lifelife harder for car thieves. “the pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says martyn randall of thatcham, a security research organization based in berkshire that is funded in part 1010 byby the motor insurance industry. he says it would only take him a few minutes to 1111 teachteach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. but only if the car is more than 10 years old. modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not 1212 allowallow them to start unless they receive a unique id code beamed out by the ignition key. in the uk, technologies like this 1313 havehave helpedhelped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. but determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. often by getting hold of the owners keys in a burglary. in 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the uk were taken using the owners keys double the previous years figure. remote-controlled immobilization system would 1414 putput a major new obstacle in the criminals way by making such thefts pointless. a group that includes thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could goon the market sooner than the 1515 customercustomer expects. 第七篇第七篇 anan intelligentintelligent carcar drivingneeds sharpeyes, keen ears,quick brain,and coordination between hands and the brain. many human drivers have all (1)(1) thesethese and can control a fast-moving car. but how does an intelligent car control itself? there is a virtual driver in the smart car. this virtual driver has “eyes,”“brains”，“hands” and “feet”，too. the mini-cameras (2(2) onon each side of the car are his “eyes,” which observe the road and conditions ahead of it. they watch the (3)(3) traffictraffic to the cars left and right. there is also a highly (4)(4) automaticautomatic driving system in the car. it is the built-in computer, which is the virtual drivers “brain. ” his “brain” calculates the speeds of (5)(5) otherother moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. basing on this information, it chooses the right (6)(6) pathpath for the intelligent cars, and gives (7(7) instructionsinstructions to the “hands”and “feets”to act accordingly. in this way, the virtual driver controls his car. what is the virtual drivers best advantage? he reacts (8(8) quicklyquickly. the mini-cameras are (9(9) sendingsending images continuously to the “brain”. it (10(10) completescompletes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. however, the worlds best drier (11)(11) at at leastleast needs one second to react. (12)(12) besidesbesides, when he takes action, he needs one more second. the virtual driver is really wonderful. he can reduce the accident (13(13) raterate considerably on expressway. in this case. can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? experts (14)(14) warnwarn that we cannot do that just yet. his ability to recognize things is still (15)(15) limitedlimited. he can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways. 第八篇 why india needs its dying vultures （2013年已考） the vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp _1decline_ in three species of indias vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental _2_problemb_ the dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the _3birds_ . it is also causing serious public health problems _4_across_ the indian sub-continent. while their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many indians，vultures have _5long_played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over india clean. it is _6_because_they feed on dead cows. in india, cows are sacred animals and are _7_traditionallt_ left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year. the disappearance of the vultures has _8_led to_ an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. there are fears that rabies may _9_increase_ as a result. and this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers. rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the _10_future_. the need for action is _11_urgent_, so an emergency project has been launched to _12_find_ a solution to this serious vulture problem. scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds，deaths and, if possible, develop a cure. large-scale vulture _13_deaths_ were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in india.a population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined _14_by_ over 90 per cent.all three species are now listed as “critically endangered”.as most vultures lay only single eggs and _15_take_ about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise. 第九篇第九篇 wonderwonder webswebs spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. and the worlds best web spinner may be the golden orb weaver spider. the female orb weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet (1)(1)toughtough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking. the secret of the webs strength? a type of super-resilient (2)(2)silksilk called dragline. when the female spider is ready to (3)(3)weaveweave the webs spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along (4)(4)it it to spin the webs trademark spiral. unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a golden orb weaver (5)(5)reusesreuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. the silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than kevlar, a high-strength human-made (6)(6)materialmaterial used in bullet-proof vests. and thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original (7)(7)lengthlength and snap back as well as new. no human-made fiber even comes (8)(8)closeclose . . it is no (9)9