新编大学英语4unit 3课件

Book 4Book 4 Unit Three Gender DifferencesGender Differences Unit ThreeUnit Three Task 1: Do you know that? Task 2: A poem Task 3: Wives and bread winners Task 4: Man and woman Dumb man + dumb woman = Smart man + smart woman = Dumb man + smart woman = Gender Differences romanc e affair marriage Gender difference is a term used to refer to social characteristic that distinguish men and women. These include such things as differences in hair styles, clothing, family responsibilities, occupational roles, acceptable behavior and other culturally learned activities and traits. All of these differences are linked to the non-biological notions of masculinity and femininity which vary from one culture to another. Gender Differences Scan the differences between men and women. Then work in groups to decide whether the characteristics are mens or womens according to the information you get. Do you know that? Click the picture to get the answer 1. suffer more illnesses 2. have a higher rate of colorblindness 3. have a larger brain 4. are more likely to have a heart attack 5. have more fears 6. live longer 7. like diamond shapes 8. miss more work How does Tennyson see the roles of men and women? Explain his poem in your own words. You may begin your explanation with: His poem tells us that man works in the field while woman should stay at home. Man Read the poem by Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) carefully. Work in groups and answer the questions below. Man for the field and woman for the hearth (炉边 ) Man for the sword and for the needle she Man with the head and woman with the heart Man to command and woman to obey; All else confusion. from The Princess (1847) A Poem Watch the interview on Wives Are Bread Winners and answer the following questions with the ideas you get from it. 1. Why is there a high divorce rate in the families which wives earn more? 2. How do women often feel when they get more for the family? 3. What are masculine and feminine? Wives Are Bread Winners Wives Are Bread Winners Who will do the following things, man or woman? Could you think of similar ones as many as possible about the different personality of man and woman? Pay $200 for a $100 item needed. Pay $100 for a $200 item not needed. Worries about the future until gets the other one Never worries about the future until gets the other one One who makes more money than the other can spend. The one who has the last word in any argument. The one who says Anything after that is the beginning of a new argument. One who can find such a person. To be happy with a man, you must understand him a lot and love him little. To be happy with a woman, you must love her a lot and not try to understand her at all. Man and Woman A woman marries a man expecting he will change, but he doesnt. A man marries a woman expecting that she wont change, and she does. Women love cats. Men say they love cats, but when women arent looking, men kick cats. A woman knows all about her children, best friends, favorite foods, secret fears and hopes and dreams. A man is vaguely aware of some short people living in the house. Possible characteristics of the ideal husband/wife: Ideal husband 1) tall, handsome and strong 2) capable of supporting a family Ideal wife 1) beautiful and healthy 2) warm-hearted Ideal Wife and Ideal Husband Directions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1) From your point of view, what are the characteristics of the ideal wife and the ideal husband? 2) Would the ideal wife and the ideal husband have been different in your parents generation and in your grandparents generation? If so, how? In-Class Reading Gender Roles from a Cultural Gender Roles from a Cultural PerspectivePerspective Work in pairs to Work in pairs to answer the following questions.answer the following questions. A A man man should should be be masculine. masculine. He He should should be be strong strong and and responsible responsible enough enough to to protect protect women, women, children children and and the the old old in in a a family family and and in in the the society. society. He He cares cares more more about about his his career career and and success success than than his his looks. looks. However, However, a a woman woman should should be be feminine, feminine, tender, tender, considerate considerate and and smart. smart. She She should should spend spend more more time time on on household household affairs, affairs, on on children children and and the the old old at at home. home. Whats the typical image of a man / woman Whats the typical image of a man / woman in traditional mold? in traditional mold? SampleSample Yes. There is a culture bias in education that favors boys over girls. Sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks. For example, In a science class, the teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away. Is there any gender-bias in education? If Is there any gender-bias in education? If so, whats the situation? Can you give an so, whats the situation? Can you give an example to illustrate it?example to illustrate it? SampleSample This This may may deprive deprive girls girls of of the the chance chance of of hands-on hands-on work, work, a a vital vital learning learning experience experience that that would would affect affect their their entire entire lives. lives. (Another (Another example example is is that that the the typical typical American American teachers teachers assume assume that that boys boys will will do do better better in in math math and and science science subjects subjects while while girls girls have have better better verbal verbal and and reading reading skills. skills. This This attitude attitude in in teaching teaching leads leads to to boys boys problems problems in in reading and girls lack of interests in science.)reading and girls lack of interests in science.) According to the last paragraph, how do boys According to the last paragraph, how do boys and girls treat their school work? and girls treat their school work? SampleSample Boys Boys tend tend to to be be more more independent, independent, analytical analytical or or original original intellectually. intellectually. While While girls girls are are more more dependent dependent on on teachers teachers and and more more concerned concerned with with the the form form and and neatness neatness of of their their work work than than with with its its content.content. It has been proven repeatedly that the It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions and various types of behavior, emotions and interests that constitute being masculine interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both and feminine are patterned by both heredity and cultureheredity and culture. . heredity /hredti/ n U遗传 hereditary hredtr /-tr adj. 世袭的; 遗传的 Introduction (Para. 1) Teachers Teachers called called on on males males in in class class far far more more than on female students. (Para.2) than on female students. (Para.2) Development (Para. 2-4) Teachers Teachers assigned assigned boys boys and and girls girls different different tasks tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (Para.3) according to stereotyped gender roles. (Para.3) Gender-biased Gender-biased education education is is also also reflected reflected in in the the typical typical American American teachers teachers assumption assumption that that boys boys will will do do better better in in science science subjects subjects while while girls girls tend tend to to have have better better verbal verbal and and reading reading skills. (Para.4)skills. (Para.4) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.over girls. Educational bias begins at home and Educational bias begins at home and develops at school, which in turn reinforces develops at school, which in turn reinforces its established values and turns out each its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold.gender in its traditional and expected mold. Conclusion (Para. 5) 句句 型型 应应 用用 Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. (Line 1)(Line 1) It has been proven ( innumerable times ) that, 被（无数次）证明 译译 文文 ExampleExample 现已证明吸烟可以引起很多疾病。 Now it has been proven that smoking can cause many diseases. 已经无数次地证实感冒不是由于受到非常恶劣天气 的影响造成的。 It has been proven innumerable times that colds are not caused by being subjected to very bad weather. 宇宙在增大的说法已经被证实了。 It has been proven thatIt has been proven that the universe is the universe is expanding. expanding. patternpattern n. n.模式；方式；图案模式；方式；图案 e e.g. Sentence patterns .g. Sentence patterns 句型；句型； living patterns living patterns 生活方式；生活方式； 他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样。 He He patternedpatterned himself after a man he admired. himself after a man he admired. 他的女子气是小时候他母亲经常把他打扮成小姑娘 和他常和小女孩玩耍的结果。 His femininity His femininity is patterned byis patterned by his mother always his mother always dressing him like a girl and his playing with girls in dressing him like a girl and his playing with girls in his childhood. his childhood. ExampleExample v. v. form form the the character, character, qualities, qualities, etc., etc., (of (of oneself) oneself) by copying by copying 形成形成的性格的性格/ /品质，学品质，学的样的样 Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. (Line 1)(Line 1) 译译 文文 在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样 一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气 的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是 遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。 In In the the process process ofof growing growing up, up, each each child child learns learns hundreds hundreds of of culturally culturally patterned patterned details details of of behavior behavior that that become become incorporated incorporated intointo its its gender identity.gender identity. (Line 3)(Line 3) 译译 文文 句句 型型 应应 用用 in the process of 在的过程中 ExampleExample 在适应陌生人习惯的过程中，在校大学生可以学会 如何应变去适应新情况。 In the process of adapting to a strangers habits, undergraduate students can learn how to change to suit new conditions. 在城市建设和开发的过程中，对周围环境的破坏 真的不可避免吗？ Is the destruction of surroundings really unavoidable in the process of city building and developing? be/ become incorporated intobe/ become incorporated into 合并成合并成 他们已经把她的建议纳入他们的新计划中。 They They incorporatedincorporated her suggestions her suggestions into into their their new plan. new plan. 这个小商行已经并入了一家大公司。 The small firm The small firm hashas been incorporated intobeen incorporated into a big a big pany. ExampleExample In In the the process process ofof growing growing up, up, each each child child learns learns hundreds hundreds of of culturally culturally patterned patterned details details of of behavior behavior that that become become incorporated incorporated intointo its its gender identitygender identity. . (Line 3)(Line 3) 译译 文文 在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了各种行为举 止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的 烙印，成为他们性别特征的一部分。 Instead of being encouraged to develop Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills intellectual curiosity and physical skills thatthat are are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, are, girls are filled withgirls are filled with fears of the world outside fears of the world outside the home the home and withand with the desire to the desire to be approved ofbe approved of for their “goodness” and for their “goodness” and obedience toobedience to rules. rules. (Line 54)(Line 54) 译译 文文 句子分析句子分析 girls are filled with and with是全句 的主句 instead of being encouraged 的主语是 girls that are useful in dealing with the outside world 是定语从句，修饰intellectual curiosity and physical skills 句子分析句子分析 be filled with有两个宾语，一个是 fears of the world outside the home,另一个是 desire to be approved of for their “goodness” and obedience to rules be approved of sth. 赞成，欣赏， 变成被动语态时不能省略 of approveapprove v. v. 赞成，赞同赞成，赞同 ；批准，通过；批准，通过 这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同 This proposal This proposal was approved ofwas approved of by Mr. Foster at the by Mr. Foster at the meeting. meeting. 数月的迟疑不定后，市长办公室最终批准了建新医 院的计划。 After months of indecision, the mayors office has After months of indecision, the mayors office has finally finally approvedapproved the plans for a new hospital. the plans for a new hospital. ExampleExample obedience to sb.(sth.)obedience to sb.(sth.) ( (名词短语名词短语) ) 服从，遵从某人（某事）服从，遵从某人（某事） 他要求下级服从他。 He demanded He demanded obedienceobedience from his inferiors. from his inferiors. 奴隶们不得不服从他们的主人。 The slaves gave/showed passive The slaves gave/showed passive obedience to obedience to their master.their master. ExampleExample 孩子们对于强壮的父亲很顺从，却在操持家务的母 亲面前很调皮。 Children Children are are obedient obedient toto a a strong strong father, father, but but naughty with a domestic mother. naughty with a domestic mother. 译译 文文 女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身 体技能，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用 的；女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐 惧和因优良品格和服从精神得到赞同的欲望。 Instead of being encouraged to develop Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to the home and with the desire to be approved ofbe approved of for their “goodness” and for their “goodness” and obedience toobedience to rules. rules. (Line 54)(Line 54) 难难 句句 分分 析析 These lessons These lessons carry overcarry over from the home to the from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependentmore dependent on the teacher, on the teacher, more concernedmore concerned with the form and neatness of their work with the form and neatness of their work thanthan with with its content, and its content, and moremore anxiousanxious about being “right” about being “right” in their answers in their answers thanthan in being intellectually in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. independent, analytical, or original. (Line58)(Line58) 句中 “where or original”是非限制性定语从句 ，修饰前面主句中的名词 “classroom”。其中“to be moremore, and moreoriginal”是并列的 主语补足语，说明人们看到的女孩的情况。 译译 文文 句型 more（adj.）than 用于比较两个事物， 比更加（） ExampleExample 知道如何学习比只记住一些事实或一个公式总是要 重要得多。 It is always It is always more importantmore important to know how to study to know how to study by oneself by oneself thanthan to remember some facts or a to remember some facts or a formula.formula. 我认为先找个工作干一 、两年要比直接继续深 造更有益。 I think that taking a job for a year or two is I think that taking a job for a year or two is more more beneficial thanbeneficial than continuing my education directly. continuing my education directly. carry overcarry over （使）继续下去，把（使）继续下去，把从一个范从一个范 围扩大到另一个范围围扩大到另一个范围 文章转入下一页。 The The article article carries carries overover on on to to the the next next page. page. 这个习惯是从他的童年 时代保留下来的。 The habit The habit carries overcarries over from his childhood.from his childhood. ExampleExample These lessons These lessons carry overcarry over from the home to the from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependentmore dependent on the teacher, on the teacher, more concernedmore concerned with the form and neatness of their work with the form and neatness of their work thanthan with with its content, and its content, and moremore anxiousanxious about being “right” about being “right” in their answers in their answers thanthan in being intellectually in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. independent, analytical, or original. (Line58)(Line58) 译译 文文 这类教诲从家庭一直延续到课堂。于是，在课堂 里我们常常可以看到女孩们更依赖教师，更注重 作业的形式和整洁而非内容，更在乎她们所给的 答案是否“正确”而不在乎智力方面的独立自主 以及分析能力或创造能力的提高。 gender (n.) (title) the physical or social condition of being male or female 性别 （强调社会性别） 请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise _ should not be ignored in todays society. 性别不平等在当今社会是不容忽视的问题。 Sometimes _ will result in some social problems. 有时候性别差异会导致一些社会问题 。 gender differences Gender inequality 同义词义词 比较较 sex (line 20, Para. 2) n. the condition of being either male or female; the set of all male or female people 性别, 男性或女性 （强调生理性别） male sex male sex 男性 TranslationTranslation 请在性别一栏填代表男性的字母”M”或代表女性 的字母”F”。 In the space marked “sex”, put an “M” for male or an “F” for female. female sex female sex 女性 相关词语相关词语 masculine (line 2, Para.1) adj. relating to or being considered typical of men, in contrast to women 有阳刚刚之气的，有男子特点的 feminine (line 3, Para.1) adj. having qualities that are considered to be typical of women, especially by being gentle, delicate, and pretty 阴柔的，妇妇女(似)的；娇娇柔的 male (line 23, Para. 2) adj. 男性的；雄性的 n. 男人；雄性动物 female (line 23, Para. 2) adj. 女性的；雌性的 n. 女子；雌性动物 ExerciseExercise The girl is rather _ in appearance.masculine Today discrimination Today discrimination ( (歧视歧视) ) against _ against _ job-seekers still exists. job-seekers still exists. female As we know, _ animals are more As we know, _ animals are more aggressive under attack.aggressive under attack. male 请用 masculine，feminine, male