大学课件综合英语1 ppt课件unit8 five traits of the educated

Unit 8 Five Traits of the Educated Man Learning Objectives By the end of this unit, students are supposed to be able to summarize the traits and characteristics of a particular kind of people. What do you think a English gentleman looks like? What are the generally accepted standards of an educated man? If you are going to writer a letter to a younger sibling or close relative giving advice on one of the following subjects: dating, studying, career goals, friendship, family obligations, what will you say? What is this text concerned with? The text is concerned with the five traits of an educated man. Summarize briefly the five traits of an educated man expounded in the text. Correctness and precision in the use of the mother tongue; Refined and gentle manners; The power and habit of reflection; The power of growth; Possession of efficiency. Structural analysis of the text Part One: (Paragraphs 1) the beginning part of the text. The first sentence of this paragraph puts forward a thought-provoking question. The rest of the first paragraph tell us about the relationship between learning and the marks and an educated man that between learning and education, and that between education as well as certain traits and capacities which have to be gained by conscious efforts. What do you think of the question raised at the very beginning? Attractive Important Hold the readers attention Cause the readers to think about its answer. Directly related to the topic. Main idea of the 1st Para. Raise a question Point out the relationship between learning and the marks of an educated man; between learning and education; between education and certain traits and capacities which have to be gained by conscious efforts. considerable 1) large enough to reckon with e.g. a considerable quantity 2) a lot of; much e.g. he had considerable courage 3) worthy of respect e.g. a considerable man in the scientific world inconsiderable rather small; not worth considering Inconsiderable Rather small, not worth considering The word inconsiderable is almost always used together with the word not. This is not an inconsiderable sum of money. I must get it back. Do not let such an inconsiderable matter worry you. Trait A particular quality, esp. of a person; characteristic E.g. Annes generosity is one of her most pleasing traits. An education will make its mark and find its evidences in certain traits, characteristics, and capacities which have to be acquired by patient endeavor, by following good examples, and by receiving wise discipline and sound instructions. An education will mark and prove itself in certain characteristics and capabilities which need to be learned by patient efforts, by learning from good examples and getting good training and effective guidance. 教育必将在某些特征、特点、和能力方面留下标志， 并且从中可以找到教育过的证据；而这些特征、特点 、和能力都必须通过耐心的努力、学习良好的榜样、 接受明智的训练和出色的指导才能获得。 Evidence: Sth., such as a fact, sign, or object that gives proof or reasons to believe or agree with sth. else E.g. When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence of his guilt. Is there any evidence for believing that the world is round? The report found no evidence of damage to crops by acid rain. Capacity 1) Ability or power E.g. He has a great capacity for enjoying himself. Her capacity to remember facts is remarkable. 2) role, a particular position or duty E.g. Im speaking in my capacity as Minister of Trade. She is employed by them in a advisory capacity. 3)the amount that something can hold or contain E.g. The fuel tank has a capacity of 12 gallons. The seating capacity of the theater is 5000. trait/characteristic trait: long-lasting behavior patterns, rather than single actions characteristic: neutral description in referring to any aspect of something, without evaluation its relative importance to the whole. It often suggests an aspect of the whole that is regarded as typical endeavor (fml.) (an) effort They couldnt do it despite their best endeavors. The climbing of Mt. Tai was an outstanding example of human endeavor. Part Two: (Paragraphs 2-6) in these three paragraphs, the writer discusses the five traits of an educated man, comprise the body of the essay Precision Preciseness; exactness Scientific instruments have to be made with great precision. That scientist performs experiments with immense precision. The quite shocking slovenliness and vulgarity of much of the spoken English, as well as not a little of the written English, which one hears and sees, proves beyond peradventure that years of attendance upon schools and colleges that are thought to be respectable have produced no impression. slovenliness state of being not clean, neat, or orderly; state of being untidy vulgarity the state or quality of being indecent where the quality is spoiled, or the standard is lowered; the state that shows a lack of good judgment in the choice of what is suitable or beautiful beyond peradventure beyond any shadow of doubt; undoubtedly The shocking fact that much of the spoken English, as well as quite a lot of the written English, which one hears and sees, is not arranged in a proper order, or is carelessly organized, and shows a lack of fine feeling or good judgment in the choice of what is suitable or beautiful demonstrates or confirms beyond any shadow of doubt that years of attending classes in schools and colleges which are considered to show socially acceptable standards have turned out no good results. Slovenliness: State of being not clean, neat, or orderly; state of being untidy E.g. How can you bear to live in such conditions of slovenliness? There are three women in this village who are characterized by slovenliness. Vulgarity: The state or quality of being indecent where the quality is spoiled, or the standard is lowered; the state that shows a lack of good judgment in the choice of what is suitable or beautiful E.g. I was extremely shocked by her appalling vulgarity. His habits and manners are characteristic of a certain degree of vulgarity. He uttered a vulgar remark. Beyond peradventure Beyond any shadow of doubt; undoubtedly E.g. Shanghai is becoming an international metropolis beyond peradventure. You have made remarkable progress beyond peradventure. attendance The act or fact of attending, esp. regularly Attendance at school is demanded by law. We had an attendance of over 50 spectators at the open-air concert. With pure diction In a way that words are pronounced perfectly well, not mixed with any impure or nonstandard sound. E.g. He speaks standard English, with pure diction. refined and gentle manners, which are themselves the expression of fixed habits of thought and action. good manners showing education, delicacy of feeling and gentleness of behavior, which express or embody established habits of thought and action. Manners make the man A quotation from Wykeham William means “a persons habits and behavior tells us much about him” When manners are superficial, artificial, and forced, no matter what their form, they are bad manners. If ways of behaving are insincere, strained or unnatural, showing a lack of true feelings, they are impolite or poor manners, no matter how they are embodied. Superficial: Not deep, on the surface; shallow; not thorough or complete. E.g. There is only a superficial resemblance between the two systems. she has only a superficial knowledge of the language. Artificial: Insincere; lacking true feelings; happenings as a result of human action. She welcomed me with an artificial smile. I dont like his artificial manners. High import taxes give their homemade goods an artificial advantage in the market. Forced: Unnatural; produced unwillingly and/ or with difficulty. I thought their laughter was rather forced. I am fed up with his forced manners. When however, they are the natural expression of fixed habits of thought and action, and when they reveal a refined a cultivated nature, they are good manners. When manners naturally express or convey ever fixed habits of thought and action, and when they show a gentle and cultured nature, they are known as good manners. Cultivated: cultured; showing good education A cultivated person shows good education. As soon as the singer sang a very beautiful song, the cultivated audience stood up, cheering and clapping their hands. The power and habit of reflection The great ability and habit of thinking about things carefully and profoundly He cultivated his power and habit of reflection through constant reading. Induce Lead to do, often by persuading Nothing could induce her to be disloyal to her motherland. Advertisements induce people to buy. Cause/produce The medicine may induce drowsiness. The author by his choice of words has induced a particular frame of mind in the reader. Persist If you persist in causing trouble, the company may be forced to dismiss you. Must you persist in misunderstanding me? Companionship Friendship; close relationship between partners The companionship between the two partners can be said to be pure and noble. What does the outline of an educated man refer to? It refers to the five traits or characteristics of the educated man explained in the body of the text. Outline A line showing the shape of sth. The outline of her face in the candlelight is very attractive. He sketched a rough outline map of the PRC The main idea or facts of sth., without details He has read An Outline of World History. This is an outline of the main points of the talk. Leadership The position of a leader He was elected to the leadership of the Labor Party. That country has lost her leadership in the shipbuilding industry. The qualities necessary in a leader She lacks leadership though