牙体牙髓学龋病的治疗课件

Operative Operative DentistryDentistry 郑沛 Operative DentistryOperative Dentistry Operative dentistry is the art and science of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of defects of teeth which do not require full coverage restorations for correction. enamel pulpodentinal complex cementum Periodontal 牙体修复原则 n去净龋坏牙体组织 n保守治疗的原则 n抗力形和固位形 充填材料的选择 n性能要求 n 物理和机械，化学，生物学 n选择要点 n 牙齿部位，窝洞部位和咬合力，病人 情况，其他因素 Cavity PreparationCavity Preparation The mechanical alteration of a defective , injured, or diseased tooth in order to best receive a restorative material which will re-establish a healthy state for the tooth including esthetic corrections where indicated, along with normal form and function. Classification of cavityClassification of cavity nCavities may be classified according to the location where the carious lesion begins nClass nClass nClass nClass nClass nClass G.V.Black in 1908 Class IClass I All pit and fissure cavities are Class I. nCavities on occlusal surface; nCavities on occlusal two-thirds of the facial and lingual surfaces of molars; nCavities on lingual surface of maxillary incisor. Class II Class II A cavity occurring on the proximal surface of posterior teeth are Class II. nMO mesial and occlusal nDO distal and occlusal nMOD mesial, occlusal and dista Class IIIClass III nCavities on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth that do not involve the incisal angles are Class III. Class IVClass IV nCavities on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth that do involve the incisal angles are Class IV. Class VClass V nCavities on the gingival third of the facial or lingual surfaces of all teeth ( not pit and fissure cavities ) are Class V. Class VIClass VI nCavities on the incisal edge of anterior teeth or the occlusal cusp heights of posterior teeth are Class VI. CavityCavity Simple cavity: only one tooth surface is involved. Compound cavity: two surfaces are involved. Complex cavity: three or more surfaces are involved. Cavity StructureCavity Structure nwalls nangles ncavity WallsWalls Internal walls: a prepared cavity surface that does not extend to the external tooth surface. Axial walls: an internal wall parallel with the long axis of the tooth and occlusal of the tooth. Pulpal walls: an internal wall that is both perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth and occlusal of the pulp. a side or surface of the cavity preparation that aids in enclosing the restorative material. WallsWalls External walls: a prepared cavity surface that extend to the external tooth surface. The external walls takes the name of the tooth surface that the wall is toward. . AnglesAngles Line angle: the junction of the two planal surfaces of different orientation along a line. AnglesAngles Point angle: the junction of three planal surfaces of different orientation. AnglesAngles Cavosurface angle: the angle of tooth structure formed by the junction of a prepared cavity wall and the external surface of the tooth. Also referred to as the cavity margin or cavosurface margin. Resistance Form n定义 n洞深： n盒状洞形 n阶梯结构 n窝洞外形 n去除无机釉 n薄壁弱尖的处理 Retention form nLateral retention nundercut ndovetail ntrapezia nadhesive 深龋的治疗 n原则： n正确判断牙髓状况 治疗方法 n垫底充填 n安抚治疗 间接盖髓术 治疗方案 龋病类型软龋能否去净牙髓状况治疗方案 根面龋 n保守治疗 n充填治疗 窝洞预备的基本原则 nRemoval of Remaining Caries nWhen the dentin has a firm feel with the explorer, removal of the tooth structure should cease, even if stained dentin remains. n只需去除感染牙本质（崩解层和透入层） n根据硬度和着色两个标准来判断 n二、保护牙髓组织 n 间断操作，锋利器械，冷却 n 不向髓腔加压 n 了解解剖结构、增龄变化 n三、尽量保留健康牙体组织 n 最小程度扩展洞形 n 龈缘位置 n 尽量不做预防性扩展 n 釉质成形术 enameloplasty n注意患者全身状况 窝洞预备基本步骤 nThe design of the cavity preparation for either a tooth with initial caries or replacement restoration is based on the location of the caries, the amount and extent of the caries, the amount of lost tooth structure, and the restorative material to be used. n一、预备洞形 n1、开阔洞口及进入病变区：不同窝洞进 入通道的选择 n2、设计预备洞的外形 n 以病变为基础 n 扩展 n 避开承受咬合力的部位 n 圆滑曲线 nThe dentist must establish an outline form, which determines the overall shape of the preparation along the cavity margins of the restoration and the tooth surfaces. The outline form is determined by the size and shape of the carious lesion and by the need for a suitable design that will hold a restoration firmly in place. 邻面的颊舌洞缘位置 在规定的深度扩展洞形 n3、抗力形和固位形 n4、Finishing the Enamel Walls and Margins nThis is a process of angling, beveling, and smoothing the walls of the cavity preparation to achieve the best marginal seal possible between the restorative material and tooth structure. The dentist may use burs, diamond stones, or hand-cutting instruments (chisels, hoes, hatchets, and gingival margin trimmers) to complete the walls by removing loose or unsupported enamel to create the strongest possible enamel wall. n5、无痛制洞法 n 锋利器械，正确手法 n 局部麻醉 anesthesia n 化学机械去龋 n二、术区隔离 n 棉卷隔离 Reasons for use of rubber dam nProtection aspiration or swallowing of instruments or irrigants Soft tissue injury caused by instruments nEfficiency Improve visibility (dry field and reduced mirror fogging) Minimize patient conversation Minimize the need for frequent rinsing nReduced risk of cross-contamination nLegal considerations Four-handed dentistryFour-handed dentistry Close supportClose support 四手操作四手操作 选择性辅助隔离法： refraction cord mouth prop n三、窝洞消毒 n CAVITY LINERS AND BASES are used primarily to protect the pulp and to aid the pulp in recovering from irritation resulting from cavity preparation. n 1、窝洞封闭：洞漆、树脂粘结剂 n 2、衬洞：隔绝化学和温度刺激 n 常用洞衬剂 n 3、垫底：隔绝温度、化学、电流及机械刺激 。常用材料 n根据余留牙本质的厚度和修复材料的种 类选用不同的封