module6 unexplained mysteries of the natural world短语.典句.考点 外研版必修4

短语典句考点die out 死绝；消失，消灭【经典例句】 That custom died out years ago.那种风俗许多前就消失了。【考点聚焦】 1）die构成的短语：be dying for（口语）渴望，很想die away消逝；停息;逐渐止息；(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息die down熄灭；平息;逐渐消失2）辨析die of和die from 的用法：die of指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿等；die from则指由于外伤或不注意的原因而死亡，但from常以of代替。instead of替代【经典例句】 They have been playing all afternoon instead of doing their homework.他们整个下午都在玩，而没有做家庭作业。【考点聚焦】 1）同义词组：take the place of(意义相似，但instead of是介词词组，take the place of是动词词组)2)instead of 介词词组，“替代”，后跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式。3)副词instead的动作是被“取”的，即“要做的”；而instead of后面的动作是 “舍”，即不做的。如：Last winter we went to Hainan Island.This winter we are going to Guangzhou instead.去冬天我们去了海南岛，今冬天将去广州。This winter we are going to Guangzhou instead of Hainan Island.今冬天我们将去广州而不去海南岛。【活学活用】 9.改为简单句I wont go but he will go.答案：He will go instead of me.be similar to 与类似/相似【经典例句】 His problem is similar to yours.他的问题和你的相似。【考点聚焦】 1）similar意为“相像的”“类似的”，无比较级,可作前置定语。similar后接介词to；表示“某物与另一物相似”。2)similar与like，same的意思比较接近。但也有较明显的差别。like作形容词时，意思是指人或物相似到难以区分的地步。same指同一个人或物，也指在性质等方面完全相同的不同事物。similar指相似但不完全一致。3)similar的名词是similarity，作不可数名词时，意为“相似性”“类似性”，后常接介词 between,in,to,with。similarity作可数名词时，意为“类似处”“相似事例”。 【活学活用】10.选词填空My view is_to yours.(similar,familiar)答案：similarbe likely to很可能【经典例句】 He is likely to be the best poet here.他很可能是这儿最好的诗人。【考点聚焦】 1）反义短语：be unlikely to 不可能2)likely是以-ly结尾的形容词，其他常见的以-ly结尾的形容词：daily（每日的;日常的）； friendly（有好的）；deadly（致命的）；lovely（可爱的）；lonely（孤独的）；ugly（丑陋的）；brotherly（兄弟般的）；oily（多油的） 【活学活用】 11.改为主从复合句John is likely to be in London this autumn._答案：It is possible that John will be in London this autumn.be related to 与有关系【经典例句】 You should make clear the facts that are related to this question.你应当弄清楚与这个问题有关的事实。【考点聚焦】 1）同义短语：be connected with与有关系2)relate.to.将与联系起来 如：Can you relate what happened in your childhood to your present state of mind?你能否把你童时的遭遇同目前的心境联系起来?3)be related to 还有“与有亲戚关系”的意思。如：I am related to your family.我和你家有亲戚关系。【活学活用】 12.英译汉I cant relate what he does to what he says._答案：我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事【经典例句】 The children are not allowed to play on this lawn.孩子们不准在这块草地上玩耍。【考点聚焦】 1）同义短语：be permitted to do sth.被允许做某事2)注意区分 be allowed to do sth.与be permitted to do sth.allow词义较弱，含有“听任；默许；不加阻止”的意思；permit词义较强，强调“正式许可；批准”的意思。如：He is allowed to stay in the corridor at night though it is not permitted by the hospital.他被允许在走廊里过夜，虽然这是医院（规定）不允许的。due to因引起；可归于【经典例句】 The stove smokes,that is due to the pipe being stopped.火炉冒烟了，那是由于烟道堵塞的缘故。【考点聚焦】 辨析：due to,because of,owing to,thanks to这四个短语都有“由于、因为”的意思，都是介词短语，后面不可接从句。1)due to一般只用作表语。如：This accident was due to his carelessness.这场事故是由于他的粗心引起的。2）because of只能用作状语。如：We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback.我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折就灰心丧气。3）owing to既可以用作状语，也可以用作表语，平常多用于前一种情况，它多引导的状语必须是修饰全句的，因此严格讲来应用逗号和主句分开。如：They decided to postpone the trip,owing to the change of the weather.由于天气变化，他们决定延期启程。4）thanks to只能用作状语，可以表达正面意思 “幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中（近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”）。【活学活用】 13.汉译英由于那位官员的失误，这个城镇的经济曾处于全面崩溃的边缘。_答案：The towns economy was on the brink（边缘） of total collapse（倒塌，崩溃）,thanks to the officials mistake.throw light on 帮助说明，使明白（清楚）【经典例句】 Your investigation has thrown light on this question.你们的调查使得这个问题弄清楚了。【考点聚焦】 同义短语1）come to light显露如：So another amazing fact came to light.于是又发现了一种令人惊讶的情况。2）see the light领悟；公开，书籍的出版如：I did not approve of his action,but he explained his reason and then I saw the light.我原来不赞同他的行动，但经解释以后我明白过来了。【活学活用】 14.改写同义句The teachers explanation can throw light on the students questions._答案：The teacher can make the students understand their questions.grow out of产生于【经典例句】 The mistake grew out of his c