too…to…句式用法详解.doc

tooto句式用法详解tooto结构是初中英语中一个十分重要的结构，同时也是中考英语中一个十分重要的考点，同学们在学习或复习中应注意以下几点：一、基本结构特点tooto结构的基本形式为“too+形容词或副词+to+动词原形”，其意为“太以至于不能”。如： he is too shy to speak to her. 他太害羞，不敢同她讲话。its too cheap to be good. 这东西太便宜，好不了(即便宜无好货)。he is too young to know right from wrong. 他太小，还分不清是非。二、不定式的逻辑主语有时不定式前可以带有一个由介词for引出的逻辑主语。如：its too expensive for her to buy. 太贵了，她买不起。the box is too heavy for the boy to carry. 这个箱子太重，这男孩提不起。the print is too small for me to read without glasses. 印刷字体太小，我不戴眼镜就看不清。三、不定式是否带宾语在通常情况下，tooto结构中的不定式可根据其是否及物来确定它是否带宾语。如：he is too tired to go any further. 他太累了，不能再往前走了。(不定式to go不及物，无需带宾语)she is too poor to buy such a nice a dress. 她太穷，买不起那件漂亮的连衣裙。(不定式to buy后带有宾语 such a nice a dress)但是，若句子主语与其后不定式有动宾关系，那么，其后的及物动词不定式不能带宾语。如：the nice dress is too expensive for her to buy. 这件漂亮的连衣裙太贵了，她买不起。(to buy在此虽为及物动词，但由于句子主语the nice dress与该不定式to buy有动宾关系，故to buy后不宜再接代词it作宾语)注意：若句子主语与其后不定式有动宾关系，且其中的动词为不及物动词，此时应注意在其后加适当的介词。如：the room is too dirty to live in. 这房间太脏，不能住。(句末的介词in不可省略)四、不定式是否用被动语态上面讲到，若句子主语与其后不定式有动宾关系，其后作为及物动词的不定式不再带宾语。此时还需注意，该不定式通常也不用被动式，尽管意义上是被动的。如：the text is too difficult to understand. 这课文太难了，理解不了。the text is too difficult for the students to understand. 这课文太难了，学生理解不了。但在某些特殊的语境，其中的不定式必须要用被动式。如：he spoke in a voice too low to be heard. 他说话的声音太低，听不见。he is too young to be sent to america for advanced study. 他太年轻，不能送到美国去深造。五、与so suchthat结构的转换1. the box is too heavy for me to carry. the box is so heavy that i cant carry it.it is such a heavy box that i cant carry it.2. the child is too young to dress himself.the child is so young that he cant dress himself.he is such a young child that he cant dress himself.()注：有时还可与 notenough to转换，但此时要注意把原句型中的形容词改为相对应的反义词。如：the child is too young to dress himself.the child is not old enough to dress himself.六、tooto有时可表示肯定意义在以下几种情况，tooto结构可以表示肯定意义，而不是否定意义：1. 当不定式前有否定词修饰时。比较：he is too foolish to understand this. 他太蠢，不会明白这一点。he is too clever not to understand this. 他太聪明，不会不明白这一点。2. 当副词too的前面有否定词修饰时。如：never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。(直译：永远不会太老而不能学习)its never too late to stop smoking. 戒烟何时都不算晚。(直译：永远不会太迟而不能戒烟)3. 当副词too后面修饰的形容词是glad, ready, pleased等表示“积极”意义的词汇时。如：im too glad to see you again. 又见到你我很高兴。we are too ready to help