高二英语必修5_完整语法讲义.pdf

过去分词作过去分词作定语、表语、宾补、状语定语、表语、宾补、状语 the pastparticiple usedas attribute and predicative 第一讲、过去分词做定语和表语第一讲、过去分词做定语和表语 1.englishis awidely used language. 2.he threwaway thebroken cup. 3.thisisoneof theschools builtin1980s. 4.prices of daily goods bought throughacomputer can be lower than store prices. 单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面; 过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。 spoken english = english which is spoken terrified people =thepeople whoareterrified anorganizedway =awaythat isorganized affectedarea灾区 =the areawhichisaffected stolen culture relics = culture relicsthathad been stolen thebook recommended bytheteacher =thebook which was recommended bytheteacher printed articles = articlesthat areprinted 1)1)1)1)doctordoctordoctordoctor johnjohnjohnjohn snowsnowsnowsnowwaswaswaswas a a a a well-knownwell-knownwell-knownwell-known doctordoctordoctordoctor ininininlondon.london.london.london. 定语定语 2)2)2)2)johnjohnjohnjohn snowsnowsnowsnowtoldtoldtoldtoldthethethetheastonishedastonishedastonishedastonished peoplepeoplepeoplepeople inin inin broadbroadbroadbroadstreet.street.street.street. 定语定语 3)3)3)3)hehehehegotgotgotgotinterestedinterestedinterestedinterested ininininthethethethetwotwotwotwo theories.theories.theories.theories. 表语表语 4)4)4)4)neitherneitherneitherneither itsitsitsitscause,cause,cause,cause, nornornornoritsitsitsitscurecurecurecure waswaswaswas understoodunderstoodunderstoodunderstood 表语表语 pastpastpastpastparticipleparticipleparticipleparticipleasasasasthethethethe attributeattributeattributeattribute定语定语 pastpastpastpast participleparticipleparticipleparticiple asasasas thethethethe predicativpredicativpredicativpredicative e e e 表语表语 1.terrified1.terrified1.terrified1.terrified peoplepeoplepeoplepeople1.people whoareterrified 2.reserved2.reserved2.reserved2.reserved seatsseatsseatsseats2.seatsthat arereserved 3.polluted3.polluted3.polluted3.polluted waterwaterwaterwater3.waterthatis polluted 4.a4.a4.a4.a crowdedcrowdedcrowdedcrowded roomroomroomroom4.a roomthat iscrowded 5.a5.a5.a5.a pleasedpleasedpleasedpleased winnerwinnerwinnerwinner5.a winnerthatis pleased 6. astonished children6.children6.children6.children6.children whowhowhowho looklooklooklook astonishedastonishedastonishedastonished 7.a broken vase7.a7.a7.a7.a vasevasevasevase thatthatthatthat is is is is brokenbrokenbrokenbroken 8.a closeddoor8.a8.a8.a8.a doordoordoordoorthatthatthatthat is is is is closedclosedclosedclosed 9.the tired audience9.the9.the9.the9.the audienceaudienceaudienceaudience whowhowhowho feelfeelfeelfeeltiredtiredtiredtired 10.a trapped animal10.an10.an10.an10.an animalanimalanimalanimalthatthatthatthat is is is is trappedtrappedtrappedtrapped therearemany fallen leaves ontheground. = therearemany leaves which had fallen ontheground.(地上有许多落叶) someofthem, born and brought up in rural villages, had never beento beijing. = someofthem , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never beentobeijing. (他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京) 及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只 表示被动关系被动关系。 polluted water =water whichispolluted reserved seats =theseats which were reserved trappedanimal =theanimal which was trapped 不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前， 含有动作完成，动作结束动作完成，动作结束之含义。 boiled water = water which has boiled fallen leaves =theleaves which have fallen risen sun =the sunwhich has risen 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。 the books, writtenbyguo jingming,arevery popularwith teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。 some of them, born and brought upinrural villages, had neverbeen to beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京. the book_writtenwrittenwrittenwrittenbybybybythethethethe farmerfarmerfarmerfarmer(一本农民写的书)is very popular. the building builtbuiltbuiltbuilt lastlastlastlast yearyearyearyear ( 去 年 建 的 楼 房)now collapsedin the wenchuan earthquake. the problem discusseddiscusseddiscusseddiscussed atatatat thethethethe meetingmeetingmeetingmeeting yesterdayyesterdayyesterdayyesterday (在昨天会议上讨论的) wasverydifficult to solve. the windowb b b brokenrokenrokenrokenbybybybythatthatthatthat naughtynaughtynaughtynaughty boyboyboyboy 被那个顽皮男孩打破的)is being repaired. the childrene e e examinedxaminedxaminedxaminedin in in inthethethethe hospitalhospitalhospitalhospital yesterdayesterdayesterdayesterday y y y昨天在医院检查的)were seriously ill. the people exposedexposedexposedexposed toto toto thethethethe sunsunsunsun(暴露在阳光下的)got sunburnt. the boy punishedpunishedpunishedpunished severelyseverelyseverelyseverelybybybybythethethethe teacherteacherteacherteacher(受到老师严厉惩罚的)is now acollege student. the water delivereddelivereddelivereddelivered toto toto hishishishis homehomehomehome(送到他家的水)carried disease. the english today is quite different fromtheenglish spokenspokenspokenspokenin in in inthethethethe pastpastpastpast 300300300300 yearsyearsyearsyears (300 年前所说的). most oftheartists invitedinvitedinvitedinvited toto toto thethethethe partypartypartyparty (被邀请去参加聚会的)were from southafrica. the students inspiredinspiredinspiredinspiredbybybybythethethethe teacherteacherteacherteacher(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. thethethethe olympicolympicolympicolympic games,games,games,games, _a a a a_ _ _ _in in in in776776776776 b.c.b.c.b.c.b.c.diddiddiddidnotnotnotnot includeincludeincludeinclude womenwomenwomenwomen playersplayersplayersplayers untiluntiluntiluntil 1912.1912.1912.1912. a.a.a.a. firstfirstfirstfirst playedplayedplayedplayedb.b.b.b.toto toto bebebebe firstfirstfirstfirst playedplayedplayedplayed c.c.c.c.firstfirstfirstfirst playingplayingplayingplayingd.d.d.d.toto toto bebebebe firstfirstfirstfirst playingplayingplayingplaying 过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作 已完成。已完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 firstfirstfirstfirst playedplayedplayedplayedin in in in776b.c.776b.c.776b.c.776b.c.= = = =whichwhichwhichwhichwaswaswaswas firstfirstfirstfirst playedplayedplayedplayedin in in in776776776776b.c.b.c.b.c.b.c. consolidation 巩固 1. pricesofdaily goods _ throughacomputer can be lowerthanstore prices. a.areboughtb. bought c. been boughtd. buying 2.with alot ofdifferent problems _, thenewly-elected president is having ahard time. a. settledb. settling c. to settled. being settled 3. dontuse words, expressionsorphrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. a. being knownb. having been known c. to beknownd. known 4. whenigot back,isawamessage _ tothedoor_“sorry to miss you;will calllater.” a. pin, readb. pinning, reading c. pinned, readingd. pinned, read 2）作表语表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词 已经被当作形容词使用。 如： disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。 thethethethe windowwindowwindowwindowis is is is broken.broken.broken.broken. 窗户碎了。窗户碎了。 dondondondon t t t tgetgetgetget sosososo excited.excited.excited.excited. 别这么激动。别这么激动。 1. 1. 1. 1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此此 时相当于一个形容词。时相当于一个形容词。 2. 2. 2. 2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强, , , ,句子主语为动作的承受者句子主语为动作的承受者， 后面常后面常 跟跟 bybybyby 短语。短语。 thethethetheglassglassglassglassis is is isbroken.broken.broken.broken. thethethethe glassglassglassglasswaswaswaswas brokenbrokenbrokenbrokenbybybybytom.tom.tom.tom. thethethethewindowswindowswindowswindows areareareare closed.closed.closed.closed. thethethethe windowswindowswindowswindowsareareareareclosedclosedclosedclosedbybybybyjack.jack.jack.jack. 3. 3. 3. 3.表示表示“ “ “ “感觉流露感觉流露” ” ” ”的一些过去分词的一些过去分词( ( ( (如如: : : :interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked) ) ) )和一些过去分词和一些过去分词( ( ( (如如 dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known) ) ) )常用作表语常用作表语, , , ,表示状态表示状态. . . .其中有些仅表示状态其中有些仅表示状态, , , , 毫无被动意味。毫无被动意味。 howhowhowhowdiddiddiddidthethethethe audienceaudienceaudienceaudiencereceivereceivereceivereceive thethethethe newnewnewnewplay?play?play?play? theytheytheytheygotgotgotgot veryveryveryveryexcitedexcitedexcitedexcited. . . . howhowhowhowdiddiddiddidbobbobbobbobdodododoin in in inthethethethe examsexamsexamsexams thisthisthisthis time?time?time?time? well,well,well,well, hishishishis fatherfatherfatherfatherseemsseemsseemsseemspleasedpleasedpleasedpleasedwithwithwithwith hishishishis results.results.results.results. sheshesheshe waswaswaswas veryveryveryverydisappointeddisappointeddisappointeddisappointedtoto toto hearhearhearhear thethethethe result.result.result.result. hehehehe s s s squitequitequitequiteexperiencedexperiencedexperiencedexperiencedin in in inteachingteachingteachingteaching beginners.beginners.beginners.beginners. 作表语练习： cleaningcleaningcleaningcleaning womenwomenwomenwomenin in in inbigbigbigbig citiescitiescitiescities usuallyusuallyusuallyusually getgetgetget_by_by_by_by thethethethehour.hour.hour.hour. a.a.a.a. paypaypaypayb.b.b.b.payingpayingpayingpayingc.c.c.c.paidpaidpaidpaidd.d.d.d.toto toto paypaypaypay 该题考查分词作表语的用法该题考查分词作表语的用法。“ “ “ “to to to topaypaypaypay sb.sb.sb.sb.bybybybythethethethehourhourhourhour” ” ” ”计时给某人报酬计时给某人报酬。 。 此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getgetgetget burnt,burnt,burnt,burnt,getgetgetget hurthurthurthurt , , , ,getgetgetget woundedwoundedwoundedwounded. . . . 1. the roomsare_,so youcantmove in. a. paintedb. painting c. being paintedd. to bepainted 2. as soon asheenteredthecity,he_. a. was losingb. got losing c. grew lostd. gotlost 3. whathehas done is really _.now his parents are_him. a. disappointing;disappointedat b. disappointing;disappointed about c. disappointing;disappointed with d. disappointed;disappointing by 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成 amoving movie感人的电影 amoved audience被感动的观众 boiling water正在烧(煮沸)的水 boiled water已煮沸的水 developing countries反展中国家 developed countries发达国家 falling leaves落叶(正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(已经完成) the child standingstandingstandingstanding overthere is mybrother. the room facingfacingfacingfacing south is our classroom. the book writtenwrittenwrittenwrittenbyluxun is very good. the roadcompletedcompletedcompletedcompleted yesterday is leading to tibet. 第二讲、过去分词作宾补用法归纳第二讲、过去分词作宾补用法归纳 英语中过去分词可作宾补， （此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动 意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑 上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如： she foundthedoor brokenin whenshecame back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关 系，表一种状态。) 一 过去分词用在表状态的动词 keep,leave 等的后面。 eg:they keptthedoor locked foralong time. keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看） dontleave suchanimportant thing undone. dontleavethewindows brokenlikethisall thetime. 二过分词用在 get,have,make, 的后面。 1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况： a）表“让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做“ eg: ihave hadmybike repaired. the villagers had many trees planted just then. b)表“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受影响，蒙受. 损失“ eg:i hadmywallet stolen onabuslast month. the old man had hislegbrokenin theaccident. hehad hislegbrokenin thematch yesterday.(met1986) 2.“make+宾语+过去分词“,在这种结构中， 过去分词的动词必须是表示结 果含义的。如： they managed to make themselves understoodin verysimple english. iraisedmyvoice to make myself heard. 三、过去分词用在感观动词 watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find 等后 面。如 whenwegotto school,we sawthedoor locked. wecanhear thewindows beaten bytheheavy rain drops. he felthimself cheated. the managers discussedtheplanthatthey wouldliketo see carriedout the next year.(nmet2000) 四、过去分词用在 want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类 动词后面做宾补。如 the boss wouldntlike theproblem discussedat themoment. iwouldlike myhouse painted white. iwantthe suitmade to hisownmeasure. iwishtheproblem settled. 五、过去分词用在“with+宾语宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语 之间是动宾关系。如： thethiefwas broughtinwith his hands tied behind his back. withmany brightly-coloured flowers planted aroundthebuilding ,his house lookslike abeautiful garden. witheverythingwellarranged,heleft theoffice. 六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。 现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时 进行。 过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。 不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到 或感觉到的具体动作。 eg:he didnt noticemewaiting. iheardthesong sunginenglish. isawhimopeningthewindow. isawthewindow opened. isawhimopenthewindow. iheardhersingthesonginenglish. 专项训练1： 1._ pooratenglish, im afraidicantmake myself _. a.tobe;understandb.im;tounderstandc.being;understanding d.being;understood 2.i have hadmybike _ ,and im going to have somebody _myradio tomorrow. a.repair;torepairb.repairing;toberepairedc.repaired;repaird.to repair;repairing 3.youmustget thework _ before friday. a.dob.to doc.doing d.done 4._theroom,the nurse foundthetape-recorder _. a.entering;stealingb.entering;gonec.to haveentered; beingstolen d.having entered;to bestolen 5.wearepleased to seetheproblem _ soquickly. a.settled b.having been settled c.be settled d.settling 6.mrs. brown was much disappointed to seethewashing machineshehad had _wentwrong again.(上海 1999） a.it b.it repaired c.repaired d.to be repaired 7.it is wise to have some money _for old age.(nmet1996) a.put away b.keep up c.give away d.laid up (putaway放好, 储存.备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃) 8.i dontwantthechildren _ outinsuch weather. a.take b.to take c.taken d.taking 9.im afraidthat icant make myself _ becauseofmypoor english. a.understand b.understanding c.to understand d.understood 10.the murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. a.being tied b.having tied c.tobe tied d.tied(表动作完成） 专项训练2： 1.wefoundhergreatly _. a.improving b.changed c.to help d.having disturbed 2.jane gotherbadtooth _at thedentists. a.to putinb.pulled out c.pushedoutd.drawing out 3.when _ ,the museumwillbeopen tothepublic next year.(上海 2002) a.completed b.completing c.being completed d.to be completed 4.withalotofdifficulties _ ,they went totheseashore and hadagood rest. a.settled b.settling c.tosettled.being settled 5.the researchisso designedthatonce _ nothing can be done to change it.(nmet2002) a.begins b.having begun c.beginning d.begun( once begun 在句中作状 语，begin 为及物动词:“着手” ） 6._ ,they went home,_. a.their work had been finished;singing and laughing b.they had finishedtheirwork;sang and laughed c.their work finished ;singing and laughing d.after their work finished;singing and laughing 7.beforehecame to london,he had never heardasingle english word _ a.speaking b.speak c.spoken d.to speak 8._ more attention,the trees could have grown better. a.given b.togivec.giving d.having given 9._ from space,the earth with water _70 of its surface lookslike a “blue blanket“. a.seen ;covered b.being seen;covers c.seeing;covering d.seen;covering 10._,the experimentwillbesuccessful. a.if carefully doing b.ifitdone carefully c.if carefully done d.if doing carefully 11.thegirlwroteacomposition without _. a.ask b.asking c.being asked d.to beasked 12.he finished his homework and then went on_me. a.helping b.with help c.with helping d.to help 13._where to go ,he askedapoliceman. a.having losthiswayand not knowing b.losing his way and didnt know c.having losthiswayand didnt know d.losthis way and didntknow 14._herfriend was badly hurt,she burstinto tears. a.hearing b.having heard c.tohear d.heard 15._his team had won, his facelitupatonce. a.knowing b.when knowing c.after knowing d.whenheknew 专项训练3： 1.they hurried backhomeonlyto find their house_ into. a.break b.tobreakc.broken d.breaking 2.whenhecame to,he found himself _on achair,withhis hands _ back. a.to sit;tied b.sitting;tying c.sat;tied d.sitting;tied 3.wedo notfeel_ to enter modern buildings;everything aboutthemseems unfriendly. a.invited b.inviting c.to invite d.to be invited (feel 后加形容词，此处的 invited 表主语we的感受) 4.im going to havemyletters _ tomorrowifive gotthemreadybythen. a.to type b.type c.typed d.typing 5.every great culturein thepast had its own ideas of beauty _in artand literature. a.expressedb.to expressc.being expressed d.to beexpressed 答案： 专项训练1：1-10 dcdba cacdd 专项训练2：:1-15 bbaad ddadc cddad 专项训练3：:1-5 cdaca 第三讲、第三讲、pastpastpastpast participleparticipleparticipleparticipleasasasas thethethethe adverbialadverbialadverbialadverbial过分作状语过分作状语 worried aboutthejourney,iwas unsettled forthefirstfewdays. well-known for their expertise, his parentscompany confused bythenew surroundings,iwashit by thelack offresh air. exhausted,islid intothebedandfellfastasleep. 过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其 等同于一个状语从句。vt过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系， 表示被动和完成，vi过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。 heated , water changes into steam . the professor came in, followedby agroup ofyoung people . 1作原因状语，等于 as/since/because 引导从句 moved bywhat she said ,we couldnthelp crying . =(aswe aremoved by what shesaid 2作时间状语，等于 when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语 的动作同时发生，可在分词前加 when/ while/ until等使时间意义更明 确。 when heated , water canbechanged into steam . seen fromthe hill,the park looks very beautiful .=(whenthe park isseen fromthe hill 3作条件状语等于if/whether 引导从句 given more attention ,thecabbages could have grown better .=( ifthey have been given more attention . compared with you ,we stillhavea longway to go=( if we are compared with you 4作方式或伴随状语 the actresscamein, followedby herfans . shesatbythewindow , lostinthought . 5作让步状语 much tired ,hestillkepton working .（althoughhewas tired ,)he. 6独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自 己独立的逻辑主语， 这种结构称为独立主格结构。 常用来表示伴随情况。 the boyrushed intotheclassroom, his face coveredwithsweat . allthings considered ,your article is ofgreat valuethanhers . rewritewithproper conjunctions example:unitedwestand, dividedwefall. if we areunited,we willstand, butif we aredivided,wewillfall. 1asked what had happened,hetold us about it. whenwhenwhenwhen hehehehe waswaswaswas askedaskedaskedaskedwhatwhatwhatwhathadhadhadhad happened,happened,happened,happened, 2wellknown for his expert advice,hereceived many invitations to give lectures. becausebecausebecausebecause hehehehe waswaswaswas wellwellwellwellknownknownknownknown forforforforhishishishis expertexpertexpertexpertadvice,advice,advice,advice, 3given more time,wewouldbe ableto dothework much better. if if if ifwewewewe werewerewerewere givengivengivengiven moremoremoremore time,time,time,time, 4once translated into chinese,thebook became very popular among chinese teenagers. onceonceonceonceit it it itwaswaswaswas translatedtranslatedtranslatedtranslatedintointointointo chinese,chinese,chinese,chinese, 5deeply interestedinmedicine,shedecided to becomea