综合英语Book IV unit 8 Antarctica.ppt

unit 8 antarctica antarctica 1. lead-in 2. background 3. text analysis 4. stylistic analysis 5. oral work 6. homework npre-reading question: nwhat are the four oceans and the seven continents in the world? indian ocean oceania africa the pacific ocean north america asia europe south america antarctica atlantic ocean arctic ocean npre-reading question: nwhere is antarctica? south america the pacific ocean oceania africa the indian ocean the atlantic ocean antarctica brief introduction to antarctica the word “antarctica” came from greek. geography nthe fifth-largest continent nsurrounded by the southern pacific, atlantic and indian oceans ncovers more than 14 million km2 1.3 times as large as europe nabout 98% is covered by ice sheet about 98% of the worlds ice climate nthe coldest place on earth nmean temperature is generally about -88 , colder than those areas in an equivalent latitude of the arctic. nlowest temperature recorded was -89.2 na frozen desert with little precipitation which is only 200mm resources nabout 220 kinds of minerals, such as coal, iron, copper，gold . population nthere are no permanent residents, but a number of research stations. nthe number of people conducting and supporting scientific research is about 1000-5000. a long history of exploration nit was first sighted in the early 19th century. nscientists explored only fragments of its coasts by the end of the 19th century. nexplorers first reached the south pole in 1911 . nthe first permanent settlements (scientific stations) were established in the early 1940s. nin recent years increasing numbers of tourists have visited antarctica. a long history of exploration nthe earliest explorations of the south polar seas were made in 1772-1775 by a british expedition commanded by captain james cook. exploration of the antarctic intensified in the 1820s and 1830s. donald gordon payne nborn in 1924 in london nbritish novelist and writer of documentaries npen names: james vance marshall, ian cameron, and donald gordon major works nthe midnight sea 1958 nwalkabout (1959) masterpiece nthe lost ones (1969) nthe wind at morning 1973 nthe last continent 1974 nwhite-out (1999) nriders of the storm (2002) whats the main idea of this text ? the text is about antarctica-why it has not been conquered by man so far and how our “tenure” of it is questionable even today. how many parts can the text be divided into ? part 1 ( line 1line 2) :brief introduction to antarctica. part 2 (line 11line 21) :the comparison between the arctic and the antarctic. part 3 (line 22line 49) :antarctica does not provide the basic essentials to life. part 4 (line 50line 52) :the greatest drawback to the unveiling of antarctica is the nature of the sea. nlisten to the recording of the text, and discuss with your partner about the similarities and differences between the arctic and the antarctic on the following aspects: location, climate, biotic population and human activity. between the arctic and the antarctic similarities and differencessimilarities and differences location similaritiesdifferences both are in the polar regions of the globe. the arctic is hemmed in by the landmasses of europe, america and asia. the antarctic is in splendid isolation and is surrounded by seas. climate similaritiesdifferences both are cold.the antarctic is much colder than the arctic. the arctic provides rainfall, warmth and a degree of stillness, while the antarctic does not. biotic population similaritiesdifferences there are vegetations and animals in both of the regions. thousands of plants and animals survive in the arctic. in antarctica, the only plants are a handful of mosses and lichens; the only landlife simple one- celled creatures and wingless flies. human activity similaritie s differences humans set foot on both of the regions. in the arctic, thousand of families live in comfort all the year round, hundreds of children are born every year. in antarctica, there is no permanent habitation except scientific research stations, no human child has been born there. 1. techniques to arouse interest and presenting striking description. stating the central theme at the beginning turning to description and narration as aid to give introduction to antarctica. simile: antarctica - great lantern 2.concrete data, statistics and facts neg. nthis ice sheet covers 5,500,000 square miles. nit averages more than 7,000feet in thickness. nit contains more than 90 per cent of the worlds ice and snow. 3. comparison and contrast neg. nthe arctic is closely hemmed in by the populated land masses ; the antarctic in contrast is in splendid isolation nit is also the facts the writer use to support his claim that our knowledge about antarctica. n4. direct quotations of authorities. nrainfall: less than 5 centimeters a year nwarmth: the coldest place on earth, -88 ndegree of stillness: people cannot even stand still in antarctica. nwind: main and most cruel characteristic is wind. 5. striking conclusion, giving a final sense of unity. neg. nyet climate by itself was not the main drawback to the unveiling antarctica: an even greater drawback was the nature of the seathe southern oceanwhich surrounds it. 6. parallel structures neg. nin this sort of cold, if you try to burn a candle, the flame becomes obscured by a hood of way, if you drop a steel bar, it is likely to shatter like glass, and if you haul up a fish through a hole in the ice, within five, it is frozen so solid that it has to be cut with a saw. language points nword study nparaphrase the most distinctive feature of our planet is distinctive : serving to identify or set apart an individual or group a distinctive appearance, style, smell long complex sentences are distinctive of henry jamess later style. alcohol has a very distinctive smell; its quite distinct from the smell of wine. distinctively adv: distinctively colored distinctiveness n u. seen from space, the astronauts tell us, the most distinctive feature of our planet is the ice sheet of antarctica which “radiates light like a great white lantern across the bottom of the world.” task : paraphrase we learn from the astronauts that if we look “down” from space, we will find the most conspicuous / outstanding characteristics of earth to be the thick layer of ice which is antarctic, which sends light over the southernmost part of the southern hemisphere. it averages more than 7,000 feet in thickness average : v. find the average of e.g. he averaged a c. the number of hours i work per work averages out to 40. the rainfall averages 36 inches a year. task: translate 税务局算出他5年内的平均利润为每年3000 英镑. the tax authorities averaged his profit out at 3000 a year over 5 years. yet 160 years ago no one had ever set eyes on this vast continent, let alone set foot on it; those who claimed to have set eyes on the mysterious savage in the forest all affirmed that the most distinctive feature of the savage was its huge size. set eyes on 看到 set foot on 进入 set ones heart on 渴望 set ones mind on 决心要 set ones teeth on edge 使某人不舒服 task: translate 所有那些声称见过神秘野人的人都肯定地认 为。野人最显著的特征是巨大的身材 yet 160 years ago no one had ever set eyes on this vast continent, let alone set foot on it; i cant drive a car, let alone fly an airplane. the baby cant even walk, let alone run. he hasnt enough money for food, let alone amusements. there isnt enough room for us, let alone six dogs and a cat. task: translate 我连汽车都不会开，更不用说开飞机了。 yet 160 years ago no one had ever set eyes on this vast continent, let alone set foot on it; and even today mans tenure of it is unsure and his knowledge comparatively slight. task : paraphrase one hundred and sixty years ago, however, nobody had ever seen this enormous continent, and had certainly not walked on it. even today whether we can occupy it or not is still uncertain. further, we know relatively little about it. tenure: holding of (eg political) office or land or other property, etc. the tenure of the us presidency is four years. its becoming increasingly difficult to acquire academic tenure. in fact their differences outweigh their similarities. outweigh : to be more significant than; exceed in value or importance. this outweighs all other considerations. the medical benefits of x-rays far outweigh the risk of having them. task: translate 这个计划的获益超出了它的缺陷。 the benefits of the scheme outweigh the disadvantages. the arctic is closely hemmed in by the populated landmasses of europe, america and asia; hem : to surround and shut in; enclose a valley hemmed in by mountains he felt hemmed in by convention. the enemy troops were hemming us in. task: translate 湖四周栽满垂柳。 the lake is hemmed in on all sides by weeping willows. the antarctic in contrast is in splendid isolation, divided from the nearest land by vast reaches of the most tempestuous seas on earth. tempestuous : of, relating to, or resembling a tempest tempestuous gales a tempestuous sea a tempestuous relationship a tempestuous political debate task: translate 北极居住着各族人民。与北极显然不同的是 ，南极却没有永久性的居民，因为那里的气候不利于人类 生存。 the arctic is populated with people of different nationalities. the antarctic, in contrast, has no permanent residents because the climate there is unfavorable to human survival. in fact their differences outweigh their similarities. the arctic is closely hemmed in by the populated landmasses of europe, america and asia; the antarctic in contrast is in splendid isolation, divided from the nearest land by vast reaches of the most tempestuous seas on earth. task: paraphrase the differences between the arctic and the antarctic are greater than the similarities. the arctic is tightly surrounded by the continents of europe, america and asia where there are permanent population; whereas the antarctic is unconnected to anywhere else, separated from the nearest land by vast areas of the worlds roughest seas. we are so inclined to think of both the arctic and antarctic as cold, be inclined to: im inclined to believe hes innocent. generally speaking, im inclined to agree with you. we can go for a walk, if you feel so inclined. i am inclined to think that there will be strong opposition to our reform plan among quite a few board members. task: translate 我总觉得相当数量的董事会成员会强烈反对我 们的改革计划。 as regards: in regard to e.g. as regards that matter im quite of your opinion. as regards the second point, we can discuss it at another meeting. as regards the car, i didnt forget to put an advertisement in the paper. as regards precipitation the southern continent is a desert with an annual fall no greater than the outback of australia. task: translate 关于小岛上的饮用水质量问题，据登岛探险家 的报道，岛上的水有一种甘甜清新的味道。 as regards the quality of the drinking water on that small island, the explorers who set foot on the island reported that it was sweet, pleasant and refreshing. in this sort of cold if you try to burn a candle the flame becomes obscured by a hood of wax, v. to make dim or indistinct: e.g. smog obscured our view. the main theme of the book is obscured by frequent digressions. obscure : a. out of sight; hidden e.g. an obscure village. an obscure flaw. an obscure poet in these conditions it was possible to stand for no more than a few seconds, and then only by leaning forward at an angle of 45! task: paraphrase under such conditions, a person could only stand for a few seconds, and that was by leaning forward to form an angle of 45 with the ground. stand : tolerate e.g. i dont know if i can stand the waiting any longer. can stand somebody doing something e.g. how can you stand marty coming home late all the time? it is worth remembering that wind is as injurious to human health as cold; e.g. speak not injurious words. smoking is injurious to health, especially to the lungs . injurious : causing or likely to cause injury; harmful task: translate 我们不能姑息任何人的有害社会秩序的行为 ，不管他是谁，不管他来自何处。 no matter who he is or where he is from, we cannot tolerate anyones behavior that is injurious to social order. small wonder that whereas in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries man swiftly explored and occupied the rest of the planet, the southernmost continent remained inviolate. it is not surprising that although man did not hesitate to explore and take possession of most of the earth in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the continent