世纪大学实用英语综合教程（第二册第1单元）

Text A Exercises Reading Aloud Understanding the Text Reading Analysis Vocabulary Structure Translation TA-main Read the following paragraph until you have learned them by heart. Because so many English words sound similar, misunderstandings among English-speaking people are not uncommon. Not all misunder- standings result in highways being closed or passengers flying to the wrong continent. Most misunderstandings are much less serious. Every day people speaking English ask one another questions like these: “Did you say seventy or seventeen?” “Did you say that you can come or that you cant?” Similar-sounding words can be especially confusing for people who speak English as a second language. Read the following Reading Aloud Answer the following questions. Understandling-Answer What is the text mainly about? Why did the man with uncombed hair and dirty clothes head straight for the restroom when he got on the bus? What did the passenger at the back of the bus decide to do when she saw the man hiding himself in the restroom? What was the original message the passengers were supposed to pass and what had it turned into when it reached the driver? What was the result of the wrong message? Where did the man in Los Angeles want to go and where did he arrive? What was the cause of his mistake? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Understanding the Text Topics for Discussion. 1. Have you ever experienced situations similar to those described by the writer of the text? Are there similar misunderstandings among Chinese- speaking people? Tell the story/stories that you know to your classmates. 2. What can you do to avoid the serious consequences (后果) of misunderstandings caused by confusing words or expressions? Topics-1 According to the writer, how often do misunderstandings take place among English-speaking people? Who are more easily confused by similar-sounding English words? Why did the Korean woman wonder all day about her bosss question? What is the best thing to do when misunderstandings arise among English- speaking people, according to the writer? 8. 9. 10. 11. Read text-1 Misunderstand- ings may occur among native English speakers. Part Topic Paragraph Supporting Details Read Text A again and complete the following table. 1 A passenger wanted to tell the driver that there was a bum in the restroom _ _. 2 The change of the word “bum” into “bomb” caused a 15 milelong .traffic jam _ 3 A man who wanted to go to Oakland finally got to Auckland because . he failed to get the meaning correctly _ _ Reading Analysis Read text-2 Non-native English speakers . Part Topic Paragraph Supporting Details 4 Misunderstandings among English -speaking people are common, but they occur . more frequently among non-native English speakers _ _ _ 5A Korean womans failure to understand the difference made her wonder about her bosss question all day. between “a plate” and “up late” _ are more often affected _ _ Read text-3 What should people do ? Part Topic Paragraph Supporting Details 6 when misunderstandings occur _ The best thing people can do about misunderstandings caused by similar-sounding words is . probably just laugh and learn from the mistake _ _ _ _ _ Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary. Vocabulary-Fill in1-1 Common continent embarrass flight immediately misunderstanding passenger search serious similar traffic wonder 1. About seventy of the trains 500 were injured in the accident. 2. When mother saw my face, she knew that something was wrong. 3. These two Chinese words look quite , but they are opposite in meaning. 4. I havent seen Mary in years. I what she looks like now. 5. Asia is the largest in both size and population. 6. On streets and highways, a red light tells drivers to stop and a green light tells them to go. traffic_ passengers_ immediately_ similar_ wonder_ continent_ Vocabulary Vocabulary-Fill in1-2 Cultural differences between people from different countries can sometimes lead to . John got very drunk at the party, and his wife felt really about it. Because of the bad weather, most have been cancelled (取消) today. Earthquakes (地震) are in this part of the world. Traffic police in Shanghai are again warning that overloaded vehicles (超载车 辆) are dangerous and can cause accidents. Police have the area for about two days, but so far have found nothing. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.searched_ misunderstandings_ embarrassed_ flights_ common_ serious_ Common continent embarrass flight immediately misunderstanding passenger search serious similar traffic wonder Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. Vocabulary-Fill in2-1 get on/off head for tap (sb.) on the shoulder pull over result in feel like by the time turn out (all right) in the end instead of I ran to the railway station as fast as I could but found the train was almost full by the time I . Having finished his work ahead of time, Philip was happy to leave his office and the airport to enjoy his holiday. You should have seen Boriss face when Max him . How surprised he was at that moment! When a policeman saw the bus driver running a red light, he called to him to and walked towards the bus. 1. 2. 3. 4. got on_ head for _ tappedon the shoulder_ _ pull over _ Vocabulary-Fill in2-2 His poor English has misunderstandings between him and his American boss. What a lovely day it is! Do you a walk along the mountain path? we got to the bus stop, the last bus had already left. Though there were quite a few difficulties, I was sure that things were going to . At the meeting, there were many different suggestions for our holiday, but we decided to take Georges suggestion and went to the seaside again. I cant understand why they chose him you you can do the job much better than he. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. resulted in _ feel like _ By the time _ turn out all right_ instead of _ in the end _ get on/off head for tap (sb.) on the shoulder pull over result in feel like by the time turn out (all right) in the end instead of Rewrite the following sentences after the model. Structure-complete1-1 Model: She did not ask him about it because she felt embarrassed. She was too embarrassed to ask him about it. 1. By the time I got home, I couldnt do anything active because I was very tired. By the time I got home, I was too tired to do anything active. The two girls look very similar, so people outside their family cannot tell them apart from each other. 2. The two girls look too similar for people outside their family to tell them apart from each other. _ _ _ Structure Structure-complete1-1 What in the world does mm(美眉) stand for? I cannot understand the abbreviations (缩缩写词词) that people use on the BBS (电电子布告栏栏系统统) because they are really confusing. Because of TV, most people have become lazy and do not make the effort to go to the cinema. 4. Because of TV, most people have become too lazy to make the effort to go to the cinema. _ _ What in the world does mm stand for? The abbreviations that people use on the BBS are too confusing for me to understand. _ _ 3. Ann made a serious mistake yesterday. She could not decide on the correct choice because she had very little time to do the test. 5. Ann made a serious mistake yesterday because the test gave her too little time to decide on the correct choice. _ _ Fill in the blanks with the preposition/conjunction “until” and the words given in brackets. Add some words or change the forms of the words given where necessary. Structure-complete2-1 Model: The message was passed from person to person until it reached the front of the bus. (reach, it, the front, the bus) I plan to keep studying English . (the basics, I learn, really, the language) I was so moved by the story that I couldnt stop crying . (the book, the end) 2. 1.until I have really learnt the basics of the language_ until the end of the book_ Structure-complete2-1 Its fine to ask questions as the speakers go along, but its better if you wait. 4. 3. until my teacher explained them in class with several examples 6. 5.until I saw Sam Ward leave the building _. until he got on a city bus_ until they have finished their speeches_.(they, speech, finish) I didnt know the difference between these two confusing words .(explain, them, several examples, my teacher, in class) _ _ I stayed in my office talking to Mr. Smith (I, Sam Ward, leave, see, the building) After he received the phone call, he ran out of the store, not stopping . (a city bus, get on, he) TL1 Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 由于下大雪，旅客们们只能在机场场等到午夜雪停为为止。 Because of the heavy snow, the passengers had to wait at the airport until midnight when the snow stopped. 火车车开动动20分钟钟后，两个男孩才发现发现 他们们登上的是一辆辆开往杭州，而不是他们们 的家乡苏乡苏 州的火车车。 2. Twenty minutes after the train started, the two boys found that they had got on a train heading for Hangzhou instead of their hometown, Suzhou. 3. 发发音相似的英语词语词 常常引起讲讲英语语者之间间的误误会。 Similar-sounding English words often result in misunderstandings among English-speaking people. _ _ _ _ _ _ Translation TL2 驾驶员驾驶员 听到从汽车车引擎(engine)里传传出异常的声音，于是他马马上靠边边停车检查车检查 ，但是最终终一切正常。 The driver heard an unusual sound from the car engine, so he pulled over immediately to check, but it turned out all right in the end. 当李先生意识识到自己犯了一个在把英语语作为为第二语语言的人群中常见见的错误时错误时 ， 他感到很尴尴尬。 5. Mr. Lee felt very embarrassed when he realized that he had made a very common mistake among speakers of English as a second language. 6. 玛丽玛丽 想学日语语，并希望能很快学会，但不久就发现发现 日语语太难难了，短期内她无法学会。 Mary felt like learning Japanese and hoped she could learn it quickly, but soon found it was too difficult for her to learn in a short period of time. _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. GR1 Grammar Review 动词动词 的-ing形式 动词动词 的-ing形式由动词动词 原形+ -ing构成。它可以在句中作主语语、表语语、定语语、宾语宾语 、宾语补宾语补 足语语和状语语,但不能单单独构成谓语谓语 。 动词动词-ing的形式变变化（以write为为例） 主 动动 被 动动 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written GR2 动词动词-ing的用法 用 法 例 句 1. 作主语语 Making history in my family is yet another important thing I hope to gain from my college education. 在我的家庭中创创造历历史是我希望从大学教育中得到的又一样样重要 的东东西。 Taking a look back has motivated me to reach farther. 回顾过顾过 去激励着我走得更远远。 作动词动词 、介 词词和短语动语动 词词的宾语宾语 2.He thought that if he hid in the restroom, he could ride to New York without paying. 他想如果他躲躲在洗手间间里，便可以不付钱钱就乘车车去纽约纽约 。 He took up singing recently. 他最近对对唱歌发发生了兴兴趣。 GR3 用 法 例 句 3. 作表语语 It is fitting that January 4, Louiss birthday, is considered Braille Day, in honor of the blind. 把路易的生日1月4日定为为向盲人表示敬意的布拉耶日是非常恰当 的。 My job is training new workers. 我的工作是培训训新工人。 作宾语补语宾语补语 4. I noticed the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding toward me. 我注意到一个年轻轻的卧车车行李搬运员员正在跟列车员车员 窃窃私语语， 并朝着我点头头。 Can you get the car going? 你能开动这辆车吗动这辆车吗 ？ GR4 用 法 例 句 作定语语。动词动词 -ing 形式单单独作定语时语时 一般放在被修饰词饰词 之前，动词动词 -ing短 语语作定语语一般放在 被修饰词饰词 之后 Ive tried every way to comfort the crying girl. 我已经经想尽了各种办办法来安慰那个哭哭啼啼的女孩。 Every day people speaking English ask one another questions like these: “Did you say seventy or seventeen?” 每天讲讲英语语的人会相互问这样问这样 的问题问题 ：“你是说说七十还还是十七呢？ ”。 作状语语，可以表 示时间时间 、原因、 让让步、条件和结结 果等 6.She answered, wondering what in the world he meant. 她回答道，却不明白他的话话究竟是什么意思。 The brothers sat eyeing each other over the tops of the moneybags. 两兄弟坐在那儿，目光越过钱过钱 袋顶顶看着对对方。 5. GR5 Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English. 1. The sun shines bright in the sky, (给给我们们光和热热). They had six other children three boys and three girls, (年龄龄在4到16岁岁之间间). 2. 3. (应应邀在此讲话讲话) is a great honor for me. 4. Im so glad to hear (你鼓励的话话). The young man (坐在玛丽玛丽 和汤汤姆中间间的) is the chairman of the Student Union. 5. giving us heat and light _ sitting between Mary and Tom _ Being invited to speak here _ your encouraging words _ ranging in age from 4 to 16_ _ GR6 6. Whats the point of (把今天的工作留到明天)? From the window we could see the children (在操场场上玩耍). 7. 8. You shouldnt drive for more than three hours without (休息片刻). (应应邀在此讲话讲话) is a great honor for me. 9. He rushed out, (留下我一个人) in the restaurant. Wilbur and Orville didnt have any special training in science or engineering, but they enjoyed (把机械的东东西拆开) to see how they worked. 10. taking mechanical things apart _ leaving todays work for tomorrow _ playing in the playground _ taking a break _ leaving me alone _ PW1 Practical Writing Letters of Invitation How to write a letter of invitation Do you have an engagement, wedding, or graduation coming up? Is there a performance, school event, or meeting to which you want to invite people? Do you want to invite someone to speak at your meeting or conference? Whatever your event is, the following will help you write an effective invitation. Guidelines for writing invitations: State the occasion, date, time, and place. Include addresses and a map if necessary. Mention if refreshments will be served. List any charges that may apply. Include a telephone number for RSVPs. If there is a dress code, state the preferred dress in the lower left-hand corner of the card. PW2 If you need a response, include a self-addressed, stamped reply card or envelope with your invitation. Express that you are looking forward to seeing the person. Do not use abbreviations and do not use contractions (dont; well) except for name titles, such as Mr., Mrs., etc. If dinner will be served, state two separate times: the time people can start arriving and the time dinner will be served. If you do not want gifts, briefly state that gifts are not desired or needed. Explain that your guests presence is the only gift you need. Make sure you send out your invitations with ample advance notice. If you have guests coming from out of town or from other countries, you may want to send out your invitation several months in advance (especially if your event takes place around a holiday). This will allow your guests adequate time to make preparations, reservations, save money, etc. PW3 For smaller, less formal events that include local guests or guests from nearby areas, you may only need to provide a few weeks notice. If you are inviting someone to speak at a conference, your invitation should include the following information: * Name of the conference and the sponsoring organization; * Date, time, place of the conference and speech; * Type of audience; * Type of speech, topic, and how long the speech should be; * Any accommodations that will be made, including lodging, meals, and transportation; * Name of the contact person along with phone numbers and addresses where that person can be contacted; and * Finally, articulate your pleasure at having the person speak at the meeting or conference. PW4 Useful Expressions: 1. How to start your letter: You are invited to attend our companys annual open house. We invite you to join us in thanking David Shaw for his 25 years of leadership. It would be a great pleasure to meet you on _ (date) at/in the _ (place). _ (company) invites you to an exclusive showing of its latest computing and telecommunications products. Would you be interested in sharing your experience with the members of our association at their monthly dinner meeting? 2. How to offer details about your arrangements: We are giving a luncheon at _ (place) at _ (time) on _ (date) to introduce . The company will host a celebration in honor of Davids retirement at Legal Tech, on June 27, from 4:00 to 7:00 p.m. Refreshments will be served from p.m. to p.m. The presentation will take place at (place) at(time) on (date). 3. How to end your letter: We are sure you will find the presentati