中考英语第二部分语法专题突破专题十五复合句课件

第二部分 语法专题突破 专题十五 复合句 命题点一 宾语从句 命题点二 定语从句 命题点三 状语从句 考点精讲 命题点一 宾语从句 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 宾语从 句是各地市的必考点。主要在单项填空中考查(3年 30次), 完形填空中考查较少(3年4次)。以where, how和when引导的从句为主，偶尔涉及why, who 和what引导的宾语从句。 单项填空中主要考查以下四种形式： 1.引导词和时态相同， 语序不同(2016年3次， 2015年5次， 2014年3次)； 2. 引导词相同，语序和时态不同(2016怀化30题， 2015年2次 ， 2014年5次)； 3. 时态一致， 语序和引导词不同 (2016年2次， 2015年3次， 2014年2次)； 4. 时态、语序和引导词均不同(2015益阳35题)。 完形填空中偶尔也会涉及宾语从句引导词的辨析(2016永州36题， 2016邵阳39题， 2014湘潭36题， 2014邵阳34题) 。 考生在做此类试题时， 可以从以下三个方面着手： 1.先从语序着手。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语 序； 2. 再考虑时态。一般情况下， 宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致， 但是， 如 果从句 有明显的时间状语， 要根据时间状语来判断 时态； 3. 最后再根据答语来判断引导词。what(提问内 容)、when/what time(提问时间)、where(提问 地点)、why(提问原因)、how(提问方式)等。 具体用法详见下表： 构成规则规则 及用法例句 引 导导 词词 that 本身无意义，在 从句中作宾语时 可以省略；作主 语时不能省略。 He said (that) he would go to the seaside. 他说他要去 海边。 引 导导 词词 what/w hich/wh o/whose /whom 等 在从句中作一定 的成分，如：作 主语、宾语、定 语等 I dont know what they are going to do. 我不知 道他们将要干什么。 when/w here/wh y/how等 在从句中作状语 。 Please tell me how you go to school. 请告诉我 你是怎样去上学的。 引 导导 词词 if/whet her 表示“是 否”，不 作句子成 分，不能 省略。 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 他问我高小姐是否是 一位老师。 语语 序 宾语从句的语序一 律使用陈述句语序 Do you know where Tom lives？你知道 汤姆住在哪儿吗？ 时时 态态 主句：一般现在时 从句：根据实际情 况使用相应时态 I hear Joe will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 我听说乔明天将去北 京。 主句：一般过去时 从句：使用过去的 某种时态 Kate said she was watching TV at this time yesterday. 凯特说 她昨天这个时候正在 看电视。 时时 态态 从句表示的是客观 事实、真理、自然 现象等时，不管主 句使用什么时态， 从句都用一般现在 时。 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun. 胡老师说地 球绕着太阳转。 拓 展 宾语从句中的否定前移 当主句的谓语是think, believe, guess, suppose等表示“认为、相信、 猜想、假设”等意思的动词时，主句的主语是第一人称，且当时态为一般现在时时 ，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。如： I dont think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。 现学现用 1. Lets send him home. Do you know _？ I have no idea. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. he lives where B 2. Mum, can you tell me _？ I miss him very much. Next week. A. when will my brother come back B. my brother will come back when C. when my brother will come back C 3. The police wondered _. A. whose handbag it was B. whose handbag was it C. whose handbag it is A 4. Can you tell me _ to London? Sure. Next month. A. when you will travel B. when will you travel C. when you traveled A 5. Could you tell me _ a moment ago? A. what were they talking about B. what are they talking about C. what they were talking about C 6. Id like to know _. Maybe in the forest. A. when we will go camping B. where we will go camping C. whether will we go camping B 7. My deskmate asked me _ next weekend. A. when I would go to the zoo B. whom I would play tennis with C. how did I get home that evening B 8. Could you tell me _？ At 9：40 this Sunday. A. when will you leave B. where you will leave for C. what time you will leave C 9. Could you tell me _？ They are talking about festivals. A. how they are playing B. what they are doing C. where they are going B 10. Excuse me. Do you know _？ Well, go along this street and turn right. Theres one on the left. A. how can I get to the bank B. where I can find a restaurant C. when he usually gets to work B 考点精讲 命题点二 定语从句 定语从句在湖南各地市近3年中考中是常考点， 主要在单项填空中考查(岳阳、 郴州、长沙、永州、湘潭、株洲、张家界), 完形填空中考查较少。 单项填空中主要考查关系代词， 偶尔考查关系副词。考情如下： that(2016郴州34题， 2016株洲27题， 2015岳 阳 34题， 2015张家界34题， 2014郴州 29题) who(2016永州28题， 2016湘潭32题， 2015湘 潭 32题， 2015株洲27题， 2014年3次) which(2016长沙29题， 2014长沙27题) where(2014张家界33题) 完形填空中仅考查过1次：who(2016岳阳39 题)。 考生在解答该类试题的时候， 需注意以下 三点： 1.首先根据语境， 分析句子结构， 找出先行 词； 2. 然后把先行词还原到从句中， 确定先行词在句子中所作的成分； 3. 最后在选择关系词时， 要看先行词是指人、 指物还是既指人又指物， 从而根据各关系词 的用法做出正确的判断。 关系代词的基本用法 关系词词成分先行词词例句 that 主语、宾 语(可省) 表语 人、物 Do you know the girl that/who often comes here？你认识经常来 这儿的那个女孩吗？ which 主语,宾 语(可省 ) 表语 事,物 A dictionary is a book which gives the meanings of words. 字典是一 本给出单词意思的 书 whic h 主语、宾 语(可省) 、 表语 时 间 Ill never forget the days (which) we spent together. 我 将永远不会忘记我 们一起度过的日子 。 which 主语、宾 语(可省)、 表语 地点 The school (which) we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai. 昨天我们参观的那所学 校是上海的一所名校。 who主语人 He is the man who wants to see you. 他就是那个想 见你的人。 whom 宾语 (可省) 人 Hes the boy(whom/that)I talked with just now. 他就 是刚才和我说话的男孩。 whose 定语 人、物 Whats the name of the boy whose father is a doctor？父亲是名医生 的那个男孩叫什么名 字？ 关系代词只能用that而不用which的情况： 1.先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, all, much, few, any, little等或the one时。如： Is there anything that I can do for you？有什么我能为你效劳的吗？ 2. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 如： The only thing that I want to do is to have a good rest. 我唯一想做的事就是好好休息。 4. 先行词既有人又有物时。如： The film star and her film that you have just talked about are really wellknown. 你刚刚谈 到的那个影星和她的电影真的很出名。 5. 当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。 如： Who is the man that is standing over there? 站在那边的那位男士是谁？ 关系副词的基本用法 关系词词成分例句 when 时间 状语 I still remember the day when our new school was built. 我还记得我们新校园建 成的那天。 where 地点 状语 This is the place where I studied last year. 这就是我去年学习的地方。 why 原因 状语 Please tell me the reason why you were late. 请告诉我你迟到的原因。 现学现用 11. Books are everywhere, but its not easy to find the one _ is really interesting. A. that B. who C. which 12. Have you been to the Sunflower Garden _ lies in Nansha? Yes. The sunflowers there are very beautiful. A. where B. which C. who A B 13. Happiness isnt getting all _ we want. I cant agree more. Its all about enjoying what we have. A. that B. who C. where A 14. A friend is someone _ says, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one！” A. who B. which C. whose 15. What kind of songs do you like better, Lucy? I prefer the songs _ can attract many people. A. which B. who C. where A A 16. The village _ we spent our vacation is beautiful. I want to go there again. A. that B. where C. which 17. We need to help those little kids _ parents have left their hometowns for making money. A. whom B. which C. whose B C 18. Ill never forget the day _ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech. A. that B. which C. when 19. The reason _ I got the job is that I am patient and hardworking. A. when B. which C. why C C 考点精讲 命题点三 状语从句 湖南各地市近3年中考真题主要在单项选择中考查状语从句， 完形填空中 考查较少。以从属连词的辨析、if引导的条件状语从句和as soon as引导的时间状 语从句的“主将从现”原则为主。 类类型连词连词 时间状语从句 when, while, before, after, until, since, as soon as 条件状语从句if, unless, as long as 目的状语从句so that, in order that 让步状语从句 though/although, even if, whatever, wherever, whenever 原因状语 从句 because, since, as, for 结果状语 从句 so.that, such.that 【具体讲解详见本书第二部分 专题六 连词 命题点二 从属连词P12