高考英语备考 中等生百日捷进提升系列 专题07 unit1unit2高频词汇分类解读（含解析）（必修4）

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求专题07 Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2-3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。必修4 Unit1Unit2词汇基础知识狂背：I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇1. behave vt.&vi.举止；举动；行为表现behaviour n行为；表现behave oneself 守规矩behave well/badly (towards sb.)(对)态度/举止好/恶劣wellbehaved adj. 表现好的badlybehaved adj. 表现差的be on ones best behaviour 举止规矩2observe vt.&vi. 观察；遵守；庆祝；评述，评论observation n. 观察；观察力，(观察后发生的)议论，意见observe sb. do/doing sth. 观察某人做/(在做)某事observe the speed limit 遵守车速限制observe Christmas (National Day)庆祝圣诞节(国庆节)be under observation 受严密监视escape ones observation 避开某人的注意3respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意respectful adj. 恭敬的；尊敬的；尊重人的；有礼貌的respectable adj. 可敬的；有名望的；高尚的；值得尊敬的have/show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬/敬重in this respect 在这方面in all/many respects 在各个/许多方面in respect of 关于；就而言with respect to 至于；关于；就而言respect sb./sth. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人/某事4argue vi. 争论；辩论vt. 争论；说服argument n. 争论；辩论argue with/against sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人争论某事argue against/for 为反对/为赞成而辩论argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事argue on. 就辩论argue that. 辩论说5support n&vt. 支持；拥护in support of 支持；赞成；拥护support oneself 自立更生support ones family 养家support ones suggestion 赞同某人的建议support ones opinion 支持某人的想法6refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；指的是refer to.as.把称作/看作in/with reference toin connection with 关于without reference to 与无关，不管7intend vt. 打算；计划intention n. 打算；计划intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事intend that.从句中谓语形式：(should)dointend.as.be intended as.打算把当做intend.for.be intended for 为打算或设计had intended that/to ended to have done.原本打算做8deliver v. 投递，发表，宣布，接生，生(小孩)(仅限于被动语态)deliver sth. (to sb.) 投递/传送某物(给某人)deliver a speech 发表演说be delivered of a childgive birth to a child 生孩子deliver sb./sth. over to sb. 把移交给某人deliver from 使摆脱9struggle vt. 搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎n斗争；挣扎struggle with/against 与搏斗/斗争struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取struggle through 奋力通过struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事with a struggle 费劲地10expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展expansive adj. 扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的expand into/to 使扩大，变大expand on/upon 阐述，详谈12. therefore adv.(as a result of that)因此；所以He was very tired and therefore he fell sound asleep.He was very tired. Therefore he fell sound asleep.He was very tired, so he fell sound asleep.他累得很，因此睡得很熟。提示：therefore 是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而 so是连词，可接从句。13equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n. U装备；设备equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事be equipped with sth. 装备有某物a piece of equipment 一件设备14regret v&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝to ones regret 令人遗憾的是feel regretful for.对感到后悔express regret for/at/over sth. 对表示遗憾regretn./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事regretthatclause 后悔，遗憾regret to say/tell/inform. 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知Its much to be regretted that. 令人遗憾的是15focus n(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点v(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦be in focus 焦距对准；清晰be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上focus sth. on (upon) sth.fix.on.使集中于be focused on/upon sth.be fixed on 集中于16reduce vt. 减少；缩减；简化reduce ones expenditure 减少某人的开支be reduced to despair 陷入绝望reduce to. 降至reduce by. 减少了17comment vt.评论 n评论，意见，议论ask for comment 征求意见make comments on sth.评论某事No comment. 无可奉告。Without comment. 不必多说。comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对发表意见comment(v.)thatclause评论（2）短语1look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起look about 四下环顾，四处寻找look after 照顾；照料；目送；寻求look for 寻找；期待look forward to 盼望look on 观看；面向；旁观look over 从上面看过去；察看look round 掉头看；环顾，观光look through 透过看去；看穿；审查look up 向上看；查阅2come across(尤指偶然)遇到；发现；想到；越过；产生效果提示：表示“偶然遇见”意思的常见短语还有：meet with, happen to meet, chance to meet, meet.by chance/accident, run across, run into。3carry on继续；保持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等)carry onwithsth.doing sth.继续做某事(相当于go on with)carry off赢得，获得(奖品、荣誉等)carry out实行，执行，进行，履行(诺言、义务等)4thanks to 由于；多亏(介词短语，在句中做原因状语，常置于句首或句末)because of 因为；由于owing to 由于，因之缘故as a result of 作为的结果，由于due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)on account of 由于；因为5rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使摆脱be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事be free of. 摆脱6be satisfied with 对感到满意be satisfied that. 满意be satisfied to do 乐意干satisfy vt.满意；使满意satisfied adj. 感到满意的satisfying adj. 令人满意的satisfactory adj. 令人满意的satisfaction n. 满意，满足7lead to 通向，导致，致使leadn.to sth. 引导到lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。(2)lead to 不用被动语态。(3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (result from) 是前果后因。8keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)使不含(有害物)free from 没有，免于，无之忧free of 无的；免于的，离开了的free sb./sth. from. 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放for freefree of charge 免费地，无偿地be free to do sth. 自由地做某事be free with sb. 对某人放肆free as the air 自由自在set sb. free 释放某人配合各任课老师，激发学生的学习兴趣，挖掘他们的学习动力，在学生中培养苦学精神，发扬拼搏精神，形成以勤学为荣的班风；充分利用学校开展的“不比基础比进步，不比聪明比勤奋”以及具有储能特色的“当月之星”的评选活动，积极探索素质教育的新途径（3）易混易错点拨1.expand/extend/spread/stretch(1)expand“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。(2)extend “伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。(3)spread“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。 (4)stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。 (1)The cat _ out in front of the fire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢。(2)The hot weather _ to October.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。(3)As children grow older they _ their interests and become more confident.随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信。(4)The fire soon _ to the nearby buildings.火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。stretched extended expand spread2. worth/worthy/worthwhile(1)worth只做表语，表示“值钱，值得干”，后跟名词或动名词，不跟不定式。worth常用well修饰，不用very。The book is well worth reading.这书值得一读。(2)worthy 意为“值得的”，除在书面语体中用做定语外，一般用做表语。be worthy 后常接 “of名词/动名词(被动式)”、不定式。The place is worthy to be visited/of being visited.这地方值得一游。 (3)worthwhile 的常用句式为 It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth., it是形式主语，to do/doing 做真正主语，即：做某事是值得的。It is worthwhile visiting/to visit the place.参观那地方还是很值得的。用worth, worthy和worthwhile填空(1)Her achievements are _ of the highest praise.她的成就值得高度的赞扬。(2)Hangzhou is a beautiful place; it is _ going/to go there.杭州是个美丽的地方，值得一去。(3)The problem is _ to be considered.这个问题值得考虑。(4)The new bike is _ 350 Yuan.这辆新自行车值350元。(5)He is a teacher _ of great respect.他是位受尊敬的老师。(6)It is _ to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。(7)The picture is _ taking good care of.这幅画值得好好保存。(8)The scheme is well _ a try.这个计划很值得一试。worthy worthwhile worthy worthworthy worthwhile worth worthII.重点句型背诵1.what在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。此从句在结构上相当于“the名词定语从句”。After a hard time they came to what is called America today.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方。We now live in what is called the Information Age.我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。He graduated from what was called a key high school.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。2.would rather(1)would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。Shall we dine out?Id rather stay at home.我们要不要出去吃饭？我宁愿留在家里。Id rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把这事告诉任何人。(2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”。I would rather listen to others than talk myself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。 (3)would rather have done sth. 意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气。I would rather have taken his advice yesterday.我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了。(4)would rather 后接 that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气。I would rather (that) he didnt come.我宁愿他没来。Id rather you told me the truth.我更愿意你给我讲实话。3.only的用法(1)only在句首修饰做状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。 (2)only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。(3)only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。 Only then did I realize the importance of communication.只有到那时我才意识到交流的重要性。Only in this way can we improve our English.只有以这种方法，我们才能提高英语水平。Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army.只有当你年满十八周岁后，你才能参军。Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。强调句型：It is/was被强调成分that/who其他部分4.强调句型提示：(1)只能强调句中的主语、宾语和状语，不能用该句式强调句子谓语。(2)如果强调两个以上的并列主语，该句式仍用 is/was，不用 are/were。(3)强调部分为表示“人”的名词时，可用 who；其他情况则用 that。(4)强调 not.until 句型时，要将主句中的 not一起强调。即 It is/was not until.that.(5)Is/Was it被强调成分that.？为其一般疑问句形式。(6)特殊疑问词is/wasit被强调成分that.？为其特殊疑问句形式。(7)强调句的特殊疑问句如果用于宾语从句中，该强调句式要用陈述语序。It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我要跟玛丽一块儿去度假。When is it that we will have a meeting?我们什么时候开会？It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是位著名的影星。It was in this town that he was brought up.他是在这个镇上被养大的。(强调句)It was this town where/in which he was brought up.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)III.阅读理解技法每日点拨信息定位的两种方法 回到原文，能够在短文中画出解题依据是正确解题的关键，更是阅读理解不丢分的保证。猎人有句行话，叫“不见兔子不撒鹰”，各位考生要谨记，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见依据不做题”。理由充分，依据凿实，这是不仅“知其然”，而且“知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。那么如何能快速准确回到原文找到依据呢?1. 关键词定位法。这里说的关键词并不一定是中心词，而是在理解题干所问之后，在题干中能帮助你迅速回到原文的“特征词”。它在原文出现的频率很少(多为一次)。常见的关键词有人名、地名、序数词、最高级、时间、数字等。2. 自然段定位法。即命题者往往按照信息点在文中出现的先后来依次命制各个小题，也就是说，各题的答案信息常常在短文中依次出现，排在后面的小题，文中对应的信息点也在后面。例如，第1题往往位于一、二自然段，第2题会在第1题的答案信息之后且与第一题的位置最接近，第3题会在第2题的答案信息之后，往往在文中较为中间的地方，而第4题则位于文中较后的位置。最后一题(偶尔可能是第一题)一般是主旨题(包括给文章加标题、归纳写作目的)，这时，可能涉及全文内容。即学即用阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A，B，C和D项中，选出最佳选项。I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language the way it can evoke(唤起) an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all all the Englishes I grew up with.Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, Ive been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But I feel embarrassed to say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked a certain wholeness. Ive heard other terms used, “limited English”, for example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including peoples perceptions (认识) of the limited English speaker.I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mothers “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is, because she expressed them imperfectly， her thoughts were imperfect. And I had plenty of evidence to support me: the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.I started writing fiction in 1985. And for reasons I wont get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”, and what I imagine to be her translation of her Chinese, her internal (内在的) language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure. I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show: her intention, her feelings, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.1. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that _.A. she uses English in foreign tradeB. she is fascinated by languagesC. she works as a translatorD. she is a writer by profession2. The author used to think of her mothers English as _.A. impolite B. amusingC. imperfect D. practical3. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. Americans do not understand broken English.B. The authors mother was not respected sometimes.C. The authors mother had positive influence on her.D. Broken English always reflects imperfect thoughts.4. The author gradually realizes her mothers English is _.A. well structured B. in the old styleC. easy to translate D. rich in meaning5. What is the passage mainly about?A. The changes of the authors attitude to her mothers English.B. The limitation of the authors perception of her mother.C. The authors misunderstanding of “limited” English.D. The authors experiences of using broken English.答案与解析 【文章大意】 本文作者叙述了不同时期对自己母亲所使用的英语的不同看法。1. 答案 D解析 句意理解题。有画线，定位已十分清楚，信息点在第一段。理解字面意义：Language is the tool of my trade(语言是我的职业工具)；根据后一句不明显，我们往前找，找到第一句话I am a writer(我是一名作家)，隐含意义：我是职业作家，所以语言是我的职业工具。2. 答案 C3. 答案 B解析 细节理解题。本题问“下面哪句话与第三段内容相符？”，因题干中有Paragraph 3，定位十分明显，在第三段。由本段最后一句pretended not to understand her可知，排除A项；选项C无信息支持，并与本段所述事实相反，应排除；虽然文中有she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect，但前面有I believed(我原以为)，可以确定D项错；由people . did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her可知，作者的母亲有时不被尊重，选B项。4. 答案 D解析 细节理解题。题干问“作者渐渐意识到母亲的英语是什么样的”，根据命题的顺序性原因，答案信息应在第四段，即最后一段。由该段最后一句可知，母亲的语言含有丰富的意义。5. 答案 A解析 主旨大意题。由开始对母亲语言的批判到最后认为母亲语言的意义的丰富性，反应了作者对母亲的英语的看法的转变，故选A项。选项B“作者对母亲的英语的看法的局限性”，只是利用文中出现的只言片语的组合，与文章内容毫不相符；选项C“作者对有限英语的误解”，范围过宽；选项D“作者使用蹩脚英语的经历”，只是利用了broken English的字眼，与文章内容不符。能力提升测一测I单词拼写1Devoted to the cause of education all her life, she was r_ by all the people in her country.2His first song was _ by the memory of his mother.3The old man came in, with two young men _ his body.4Swimming across the lake for the first time is a great a_.respectedinspired supporting achievement5Theres a c_ between smoking and heart disease.6Jane devoted herself to social _(福利) work.7They work in an art _ (学院)8He is a _ (专家) in history.9Do you know about the _ (组织)?10They started a _ (运动) to stop people smoking.connection welfareinstitute specialist organization campaign11They asked so many questions that I got c_.12Metals e_ when they are heated.13The people there are fighting to gain their f_ from foreign control.14We are not doing a c_ experiment but a physical one.15India e_ tea and cotton to many different countries.confusedexpand freedom chemical exports16Now, people in the south grow a lot of rice that has a high _ (产量)17This kind of food contains all the _ (营养) our body needs.18People in the area were ground down by _ (饥饿) and poverty.19They have sold up ten bottles of _ (矿泉) water in the afternoon.20We should make a _(总结) of the results of the exam briefly.outputnutrition hunger mineral summaryII.语法填空（重点训练题型）1. It is _(meet) the customers needs that has made chain stores so popular in big cities in China.2. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success.3. Its the first time that I _(take) a train to Paris.4. Chinese folk music gave life to Mr. Liu and made him lead _ new life in his later years.5. Gun control is a subject _ which Americans have argued for a long time.6. When I try to understand what _ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.7. _ delighted me most was that my son was admitted to Beijing University.8. American artist Jeremy Telford made a room with balloons. He got the _(inspire) from Bag End in Lord the Rings, which is a hole in the ground where a Hobbit lives in the film.9. Everybody knows smoking is harmful to health, but still so many people smoke. So our country is planning to start a campaign _ smoking.10. They did not find it worthwhile _(prepare) for the worst conditions they might meet.11. Sweet memories crowded _ as I looked at the pictures which were taken at the beach last summer.12. On AIDS Day, the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems _(refer) to be paid special attention to.13. If you come _ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the prices.14. After the supper, the experts went back to the meeting room to carry _ their discussion.15. They think the long tradition of looking down _ workers is still affecting career choices.16. I met one of my fomer teachers _ chance on the train.17. Suddenly, it hit me _ he was trying to ask me to marry him.18. Mary couldnt wait _(arrive) home as soon as possible.19. Im having some flowers _(deliver) for her birthday.20. I _(intend) come to the party last night, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.21. Fear is something you are born with. You cant rid yourself _ it completely but you can overcome certain fears under certain conditions.22. Id rather Mary _(give) us some advice on how to learn English well tomorrow.23. We take regular exercise to build _ our body.24. We put our books in the bookcase to keep them free _ dust.25. At your company there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.26. In the past year, he _(share) a flat with others and trying to save m