中考英语总复习 第三轮 中考题型实战 第44讲 阅读理解课件 外研版

第44讲 阅读理解 广西专用 外研版 中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多同 学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读 理解这种题型 及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知 识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性和实 用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、 词义猜测题和判断正误题。 做“阅读理解”题应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题 ， 以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易 后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可 先做细节理解题再做推理判断题，因为细节 理解题大多能直接从文中找到答案， 而推理判断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应 通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开， 主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 细节理解题 细节理解题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细 节来设题。做此类题时 ，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时 要有针对性。 推理判断题 推理判断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型，主要考查学生的理解能力和推 理判断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态 度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节 加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断 。 词义猜测题 词义猜测题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力。一般情 况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需 要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读 上下文，断定该词的真正含义， 然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切含义。 【例】 (2016，武汉) Andrew Holleman，a 12yearold boy ，loved playing in the open land near his home.The land was wet and forested，and made a home for birds，other animals and many different plants. It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature.He had seen some redtailed hawks ，red foxes，wood turtles and other animals.He also found special native flowers. Suddenly it was announced that the “empty” land would be improved by a lot of houses on it.The plants would be removed，the animals would run away and most would probably die.Then the wet soil (土壤) would be covered with extra grounds. When he heard about the news，he was not happy.He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted. Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area，and how the houses would affect (影响) the local environment.He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters.He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses. Although he was only 12 years old，he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older.Andrews teachers described him as gentle，shy and active.His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants，and the environment.Each day after school，Andrew went doortodoor ，to ask the people to sign (签名)，who did not want the houses to be built.In only one month，he got the signatures of 250 people. In the end，the land remained a safe place for birds，animals and plants that belonged there. Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built， and thus help save the environment. 1The passage is mainly about _. A250 people who signed to help Andrew Ba brave boy who cared for the environment Cthe open land that suited animals and plants Dthe research of improving the environment 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了12岁的少年Andrew为了阻止 动物的家园被毁而挨家挨户地动员人们签名请愿以保护当地环境的故事。 答案：_B 2The underlined word “oppose” in the passage probably means _. Asupport Bdislike Cdisagree Dprefer 解析：词义猜测题。由第五段第一句“Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area，and how the houses would affect the local environment.”可知， Andrew经过调查发现计划建造的房屋对当地的环境破坏极大。由此可以推断出， “He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses.”的意思是“他还号召 他的邻居们一起反对在此处建造房子”。因此，oppose的意思是“反对，不同意”，相 当于disagree。 答案：_ C 3Andrew was very worried because _. Athe animals would be killed Bnew houses would be built on the open land Cnot all the neighbors were going to sign Dthe local government made a right decision 解析：推理判断题。通读第三、四段可知，Andrew担心当地的土地和水会遭到 污染，担心动植物会失去家园，大部分动物可能会死，这一切都是在户外的土地上 建造房屋会带来的后果。 答案：_ B 4According to the passage，Andrew _. Awas good at going doortodoor Bgot in no touch with the reporters Cusually acted like a person much older Dwas praised by his teachers and classmates 解析：细节理解题。由第六段第二、三句“Andrews teachers described him as gentle，shy and active.His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants，and the environment.”可知，Andrew获得了老师和同学们的赞扬 。 答案：_ D 5We can infer (推测) that _. Athe land would remain as it used to be Bthe open land would be built into a park Cthe neighbors would have to move away DAndrew would soon work for the government 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段“In the end，the land remained a safe place for birds，animals and plants that belonged there.”可知，最后这片土地仍旧是鸟 儿、动植物安全的家园，即这片土地将会保持原貌。 答案：_ A (2016，安徽) Marco Polo was from Venice, Italy.In 1271，at age 17，Marco went on a trip with his father and uncle to China.Today people often travel to different places around the world. But it was very hard for people from Europe to visit China then. After three and a half years, the Polos reached China in 1275. While he was there，Marco Polo worked for Kublai Khan, the emperor(皇帝)of China. He was able to learn and experience many things that were new to Europeans. In his diary, he wrote, “Kublai Khans palace is the greatest Ive ever seen. The streets of the new capital ，Dadu, are so straight and so wide.”Paper money also took him by surprise, since it was not yet in use in the West at that time.Homes were heated with “black stones.which burn like wood.”Those stones were coal，and most of the Europeans knew little about it then. After 17 years in China，Marco and his family returned to Venice in 1292，After he returned home, Marco completed a book about his trip, full of facts about his wonderful experiences in China. 1How was Marco Polos threeandahalfyear journey to China？_ AExpensive. BComfortable. CDifficult. DSmooth. 2The Polos finally got to China in _ A1271 B1275 C1288 D1292 C B 3What did Marco do when he was i