高考英语一轮总复习 考点集训 介词及介词短语

一岗双责落实还不到位。受事务性工作影响，对分管单位一岗双责常常落实在安排部署上、口头要求上，实际督导、检查的少，指导、推进、检查还不到位。介词及介词短语A基础达标练.单句语法填空1(2016浙江卷)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help._ short, hes reliable.2(2016全国卷)But my connection with Pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.3(2016四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.4(2016全国卷)In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands.5(2015广东卷)While making great efforts to run away, she fell over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living _ the cow.6(2016课标全国改编)He reported the case _ the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city.7Finally, in 1966, President Lyndon Johnson declared the third Sunday of June _ Fathers Day.8(2017湖北宜昌教学协作体联考)_ the end, the young men found that working hard is truly a treasure in itself.9(2015浙江改编)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea?10(2016北京海淀期中改编)At the bad news, the woman put her hands _ her eyes and cried out.11(2017陕西西安八校联考改编)The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money _ me.12(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.13(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _ the same time, they warm up again for the night.14(2014全国卷)When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.15(2017福建单科质检改编)I was born in a town called Blackburn, and lived there till I left home _ the age of eighteen.单句语法改错1(2016浙江卷)While they chatted，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. _2(2015全国卷)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted._3(2014全国卷)Nearly five years ago，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden._4(2014全国卷)We dont need to do so much homework. Therefore, we have more time with afterschool activities._5(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time._6(2015全国卷)Tony saw a toy on a shop window._7(2014课标全国卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music._8(2017湖北四地七校联考)First of all, we should make it a rule to eat healthy food, in case unhealthy food does harm for our health._9(2016山西第四次诊断)To improve my grades, I paid more attention for the teachers talking in class._10(2017河南洛阳一模)Thank you for sending to me the Schedule for Summer English Courses._.语法填空(2017黑龙江省实验中学模拟) When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possibleand it can be surprisingly _1_ (benefit) to your physical and mental health. So far, research _2_(show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. “People who forgive show _3_ (little) anger and more hopefulness，” says Dr Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. “So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people _4_ (feel) more energetic.” So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something _5_ gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Dont wait for an _6_ (apologize)“Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing，” says Dr Luskin. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things in _7_ same way. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be waiting a very long time.” Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean _8_ (accept) the action of the person who upsets you. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things _9_ the other persons perspective. You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective，you may want to write a letter to _10_ (you) from that persons point of view.短文改错(2017安徽合肥一模)For students learning instruments, summer is always a “music season”. During vacation times, we are always busy attending variously lessons, taking exams and participating in competitions. This summer I joined a music competition but was lucky to get the second place. It was the first time that I had played on the stage in front of such many people. I felt very upset at first, but the encourage from my teacher keeps me going ahead. Surprising, I was given the silver medal, that increased my confidence. If we try our best to get ahead, we will be able to achieve what we desire and deserve it.B能力提升练.阅读理解AThe world is getting warmer. Animals have begun to change in response to the new condition. And some of them have become smaller. Some scientists thought this might be an adaptation to a warmer world, smaller bodies should be able to lose heat better. But now a new study published in Science has found that for red knot birds, thats not the case.Ecologist Jan van Gils and his colleagues have been studying these birds for 33 years. Over the course of their research, van Gils and his team have found that in Russia where the red knots summer, snowmelt and spring have been advancing by half a day per year on average. Over more than thirty years, the researchers caught and measured nearly 2,000 birds. In years when the snowmelt had arrived particularly early, the birds were likely to be smaller and have shorter bills(鸟嘴)The birds leave the coast of Western Africa, where they winter, and fly north toward Russia with no clue as to what the weather is like there. The birds are supposed to arrive in spring, so they can lay their eggs and when their chicks hatch out, there will be a wealth of arthropod(节肢动物) insects to feed their young.But even though the red knots are advancing their arrival date by about a quarter of a day per year, it is not enough to keep up with the snowmelt. And in years when the snowmelt arrives early, the arthropods reach the greatest quantity before the birds need them. Therefore, chicks miss out on eating well and they grow up to be smaller and have shorter bills.Being smaller and having a shorter bill isnt a problem in Russiabut it is in Africa. There, adult birds feed on thinshelled bivalves(双壳贝类), Loripes lucinalis. But the bivalves are buried deep. However, other options, Dosinia isocardia bivalves and seagrass rhizomes(根茎), which only the youngest birds rely on, are not abundant or nutritious.Van Gils and his colleagues found that, in their first year, shorterbilled red knots dont survive as well in Africa. “A few shortbilled birds make it，” van Gils says, “but the majority of birds that survive are the longbilled birds.”1Jan van Gils and his colleagues reached the conclusion by _.A. comparing red knots with other birdsB. dividing 2,000 red knots into several groupsC. watching and examining red knots for three decadesD. analyzing studies that have been published in Science2What influence does early snowmelt have on red knots?A. Their chicks dont have enough to eat.B. Their eggs take more time to hatch out.C. They need to find other places for summer.D. They arrive in Russia half a day earlier each year.3Few adult shortbilled red knots survive in Africa because _.A. they cant find arthropod insects to eatB. they cant access Loripes lucinalis bivalvesC. the Dosinia isocardia bivalves they need are rareD. the seagrass rhizomes they feed on are not nutritious4Whats the purpose of the text?A. To tell a story. B. To provide facts.C. To make an announcement. D. To put forward suggestions.BIBM and Local Motors introduced a new selfdriving electric vehicle called “Olli” in National Harbor, Maryland. The carreally, a small busis capable of transporting 12 people at once. It uses IBMs “Watson”system, pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources.For example, if you use the car enough it could eventually figure out your general path to work every morning. If youre running late one dayor Watson uses weather data to figure out that its about to rain, or that traffic will get worseOlli might tell you theres no time for coffee. Ask it when youll arrive at your destination and it can answer.The vehicle will be available to the public in National Harbor at “select times” this summer. Later this year, it will be used in Floridas MiamiDade County and Las Vegas.Much has been said about Googles driverless car prototype(模型)but Jay Rogers, CEO of Local Motors, a small experimental car maker, says theres a problem with the Googles business model.“Google doesnt make cars，” he explained. While thats not strictly truethe company does have its own selfdriving car prototypeGoogle is working with traditional automakers like Fiat Chrysler to get its vehicles on public roads.But driverless cars arent legal in every state. “A company like Fiat Chrysler wont put out vehicles they cant sell everywhere，”Rogers said.Rogers believes Local Motors is nimble enough to be an industry leader. The company designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project this March. Three months later, with IBM, they have a working vehicle in Maryland.Were a long way away from having Olli everywhere, of course, but Rogers says Local Motors major problem is legislation, not technology. Theyre already equipped to produce and deliver the cars wherever theres demandthough its a small company, so dont expect too many of them.5Whats Ollis major feature?A. It is an electric vehicle.B. It doesnt need a driver.C. It can take 12 people at once.D. It can communicate with passengers.6What does Rogers think of Googles driverless cars?A. They will be Ollis strong competitors.B. They cant be driven on public roads.C. They have a big technical problem.D. They wont be mass produced.7What does the underlined word “nimble” in the text mean?A. Able to adapt easily. B. Able to act quickly.C. Fully developed. D. Highly creative.8Why will Olli not appear in great numbers?A. Because it is still in the testing stage.B. Because many people cant afford to buy it.C. Because Local Motors has low productivity.D. Because driverless cars are not legal in America.七选五If you are in a crowd, the first and most important thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings and mentally notice alternate exits. _1_ Make yourself aware of the type of ground you are standing on, and know that in a crowd of moving people wet or uneven ground can be slippery or hazardous, causing you to fall._2_ When in danger, a few seconds can make all the difference, giving you the possibility of taking advantage of the escape route. Always stay closer to the escape route. If you find yourself in the middle of a moving crowd, do not fight against the pressure, do not stand still or sit down, because you could easily get trampled. _3_ Take advantage of any space that may open up to move sideways to the crowd movement where the flow is weaker. Keep your hands up by your chest, like a boxerit gives you movement and protects your chest. _4_ If you cannot get up because you are injured, get someone to pull you back up. If you have kids, lift them up. If you fall and cannot get up, keep moving by crawling in the same direction of the crowd, or if that is not possible, then cover your head with your arms and curl up into fetal position. _5_A. Be aware of the general atmosphere of the event, as panic situations can often be expected.B. There is always space between people.C. Do not lie on your stomach or back, as this dangerously exposes your lungs. D. The worst is to be pushed by the crowd against an immovable object.E. If you fall, get up quickly. F. No matter where you are, make sure you always know how to get out. G. Instead, move in the same direction of the crowd. .完形填空(2017河北石家庄高三复习教学质量检测二)If life were a book and you were the author, how would you like the story to go? That is the question that _1_ my life forever.One day I went home from the training of snowboarding with what I thought was the flu, and less than 24 hours later, I was in a _2_ on life support with less than two percent _3_ of living. It wasnt until days later that the doctors diagnosed me with a _4_ blood infection. Over the _5_ of 2.5 months, I lost the hearing in my left ear and both my legs below the knee. When my parents _6_ me out of the hospital, I _7_ that I had been put together like a patchwork (拼缝物) doll and I had to live with _8_ legs. I was absolutely physically and emotionally broken, _9_ streaming down. But I knew in order to move forward, I had to let go of the Old Amy and _10_ the New Amy. It was at this moment that I asked myself that significant _11_. And that is when it _12_ me that I didnt have to be fivefootfive anymore, _13_ I could be as tall as I wanted. And _14_ of all, I can make my feet the size of all the shoes. So there were _15_ here.Four months later, I was back upon a _16_. And this February, I won two Board World Cup gold medals, _17_ me the highest ranked snowboarder in the world.So, instead of looking at our _18_ and our limitations as something _19_ or bad, we can begin looking at them as a wonderful _20_ that can be used to help us go further than we ever know we could go. 1A. saved B. risked C. ruined D. changed2A. hospital B. club C. field D. stadium3A. thought B. degree C. chance D. decision4A. mild B. severe C. potential D. slight5A. journey B. break C. course D. schedule6A. wheeled B. dragged C. pulled D. delivered7A. made sure B. felt like C. worked out D. put forward8A. muscled B. heavy C. shapely D. false9A. blood B. sweat C. tears D. water10A. hug B. recognize C. fix D. introduce11A. plan B. question C. information D. favor12A. dawned on B. knocked into C. depended on D. looked into13A. although B. so C. while D. but14A. first B. strangest C. best D. luckiest15A. struggles B. benefits C. rewards D. conflicts16A. stage B. snowboard C. track D. playground17A. allowing B. giving C. calling D. making18A. challenges B. achievements C. devotions D. hesitations19A. active B. amazing C. negative D. terminal20A. ability B. skill C. tool D. gift A基础达标练.单句语法填空1答案：In2解析：go back to为固定搭配，意为“回到”。答案：to3解析：句意：熊猫妈妈继续照顾熊猫宝宝两年多。“for一段时间”表示某个动作或状态持续的时间。答案：for4解析：句意：例如，在印度，大多数人按照传统用手吃饭。此处指用手吃饭，故填with。答案：with5解析：句意：当这头牛努力跑开的时候，它跌下了山坡死了。然后Johnson一家不得不在没了这头牛的情况下谋生。结合句意可知此处应用without，表示“没有，缺乏”。答案：without6解析：句意为：他向警察报告了这一情况，然后坐在那里，在一个陌生的城市里迷茫而孤独。report.to.为固定搭配，意为“向报告”。答案：to7答案：as8答案：In9答案：to10答案：over11答案：with12解析：be focused on为固定短语，意为：“集中于”。答案：on13解析：at the same time为固定词组，意为“同时”。答案：at14解析：next to在旁边。答案：to15答案：at.单句语法改错1解析：on the top of是固定搭配，意为“在顶部”。答案：inon2解析：with the development of为固定搭配，意为“随着的发展”。答案：onwith3解析：with the help of sb. 为固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”。答案：byof4解析：have time for sth.为固定搭配，意为“有时间去做某事”。答案：withfor5解析：dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，为固定搭配。答案：dreams后加of6解析：句意为：Tony在商店橱窗里看到一个玩具。on“在上”，in“在里/中”，故改on为in。答案：onin7解析：句意为：我们可以躺在草地上休息，或者坐在湖边听音乐。学生易受汉语思维影响，listen后直接接宾语。但是，listen为不及物动词，接宾语时需加介词to。故在listening后加to。答案：在listening后加to8解析：do harm to为固定搭配，意为：对有害。答案：forto9答案：forto10答案：删除to.语法填空语篇解读：有人伤害了你，原谅他们似乎是不可能的。但研究发现，宽恕别人对于你的身心健康都是有好处的。作者在本文中介绍了几种释放愤怒的方法。1beneficial句意为：但是宽恕是可能的而且这会对你的身心健康有着令人惊讶的好处。设空处在句中作be的表语，应用形容词。故填beneficial。2has shown句意为：到目前为止，研究已表明宽恕的人会有更多的精力、更好的胃口和更好的睡眠。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语So far可知，应用现在完成时。故填has shown。3less句意为：宽恕的人会表现出较少的愤怒及更多的希望。anger与hopefulness相对，设空处与more相对，表示一种内在的比较，故填比较级less。4to feel句意为：因此，它(宽恕)可以帮助减少免疫系统的疲劳，并使人们感到更加精力充沛。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，故填to feel。5that句意为：深呼吸，想想带给你快乐的事情：大自然的一个美景，或是你喜欢的某个人。分析句式结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为something，因此用that引导。6apology句意为：不要等待道歉。设空前有不定冠词an修饰，作wait for的宾语，因此应用名词。故填apology。7the句意为：他们可能是想伤害你，或他们仅仅是以不相同的方式看待事情。same常与定冠词the连用，in the same way意为“以相同的方式”。8accepting句意为：接下来记住宽恕不一定意味着接受使你生气的人的行为。mean doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“意味着做某事”，符合句意，故填accepting。mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”，不符合句意。9from句意为：最后，试着从别人的角度看事情。此处表示“从别人的角度”，故用介词from。10yourself句意为：为了获得角度，你或许想以那个人的观点来写一封信给自己。设空处与主语you指同一个人，因此应用反身代词。故填yourself。.短文改错答案：For students learning instruments, summer is always a “music season”. During vacation ， we are always busy attending lessons, taking exams and participating in competitions. This summer I joined a music competition was lucky to get the second place. It was the first time that I had played on the stage in front of many people. I felt very upset at first, but the from my teacher me going ahead. ， I was given the silver medal, increased my confidence. If we try our best to get ahead, we will be able to achieve what we desire and deserve .B能力提升练.阅读理解语篇解读：本文是说明文，受到全球变暖的影响，在融雪期特别早的年份孵化出来的红腹滨鹬会体格变小、鸟嘴变短，这直接影响它们的生存。1C细节理解题。根据第二段中的Ecologist Jan van Gils and his colleagues have been