高考英语备考 中等生百日捷进提升系列 专题08 unit3unit5高频词汇分类解读（含解析）（必修4）

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求专题08 Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2-3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。必修4 Unit3Unit5词汇基础知识狂背：I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇1content n内容，目录，容量；满足adj.满足的；满意的vt.使满足be content withbe satisfied with对感到满足/满意be content to do sth.be willing to do sth.愿意做某事content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己对满意in content and form 在内容和形式上提示：content 用做形容词时，通常做表语、后置定语或状语，做前置定语要用contented，如：a contented expression“满足的表情”； content 前的修饰词用 well，而不用 very。2astonish vt. 使吃惊；使惊讶astonishing adj. 令人十分惊异的astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的astonishment n. 惊讶to ones astonishment 使某人万分惊讶的是in astonishment 惊讶地be astonished at/by sth. 因某事而吃惊be astonished to do sth. 因干某事而吃惊3entertain vt.&vi. 使快乐，款待entertaining adj. 引人发笑的，有趣的，娱乐的entertainment n. 招待，款待，娱乐entertain sb. with sth. 用使某人快乐entertain sb. to sth. 用招待/款待某人give an entertainment to sb. 招待某人4overcome v. 战胜；克服；征服be overcome by sth.使某人垮掉，使某人昏迷be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持5convince vt.使确信，使信服，使认识convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的convinced adj.确信的；深信的；坚信的convince sb. of sth. 说服某人相信某事convince sb. that. 使某人信服(相信)be convinced of. 确信be/feel firmly convinced that. 确信；笃信；坚信6direct vt.&vi. 导演；指挥；指示adj. 径直的；直接的；直率的adv. 直接地direct sth. to/towards sth./sb.direct sth. at/against sth./sb.把对准(某方向或某人)direct sb. to sp. 给某人指路，为某人领路direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事that 从句(用虚拟语气)the direct road/train 直通道路/直达列车be in direct contact with sb. 与某人有直接的联系go direct to sp. 直接去某地7particular adj. 特殊的，特别的，挑剔的 n. 细节，细目be particular to 是特有的be particular about/over sth. 对讲究，挑剔in particular 尤其，特别，格外8whisper v&n.低语，耳语，私语；私下说，低声地说in a whisper (in whispers) 低声地whisper about sth. 密谈某事It is whispered that. 有人私下说whisper to sb. 对某人窃窃私语提示：whisper 后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词 to, 即whisper sth. to sb. whisper to sb. sth.。类似结构还有：announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议report sth. to sb. 向某人报告9react vi.&vt. 反应，反抗；起化学反应，起作用react to sth. 对作出反应react on (upon)对起作用，对有影响，对起反应react against 反抗，反对10represent vt.代表，象征；作为的代表或代理人representation n代表，代表团，代理representative adj.代表性的 n代表，代理人represent sb. as/to be 宣称某人为represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事represent sth./sb. as sth./sb. 把描绘成11curious adj.好奇的，爱探究的，奇怪的，难以理解的curiously adv. 好奇地，奇怪地curiosity n. 好奇心；古玩be curious about 对感到好奇be curious to do sth. 渴望做from/out of curiosity 出于好奇meet/satisfy ones curiosity 满足某人的好奇心with curiositycuriously 好奇地12approach vt. 向靠近；接近n. 入门，接近；方法，途径approach sb. on/about sth. 与某人接洽/商量某事approach to 接近；近似；(做某事)的方法(途径)a new approach to language teaching 一种新的语言教学方法at the approach of 在快到的时候make approaches to sb.和某人打交道13defend vt. 保卫，防卫，为辩护defense/defence n. 防卫，防御defense works 防御工事，防御工程a defense satellite 防御卫星defend ones argument 为某人的论点辩护defend.against. 保护，防御defend.from(harm) 保护不受(伤害)14likely adj. 可能的 adv. 很可能Its likely that.Sb./Sth. be likely to do.是可能的。not likely (坚决不同意)绝不可能，绝对不会15ease n. 安逸；舒适vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)at ease 舒适，快活，自由自在with ease 轻易地，毫不费力地feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松put/set sb. at ones ease 使某人放松、松弛take ones ease 休息，轻松一下16various adj. 不同的，各种各样的variety n变化，多样性，种类vary vt.&vi. 使不同，变化a variety of varieties of.all sorts of/all types of各种各样的17amusement n. 消遣；娱乐(活动)amuse vt. 使发笑，使愉快；娱乐amusing adj. 有趣的，逗乐的amused adj. 感到快乐的in amusement 开心地to ones (great) amusement 令人感到(极)好笑的是amuse sb./oneself by doing 通过做来取乐amuse sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴be amused at/by 对感到好笑18preserve vt.保护，维护，保存(以免受破坏)；保留n保护区preserve sb./sth. from sth.保护免受preservation n维护；保护；保持；保养19advance v前进；提前 n前进，提升advanced adj. 先进的，高级的advance on/upon/toward. 向推进/挺进advance (sb.) to.提升(某人)为make advances (in) (在 方面)进步，进展in advance 预先，提前advanced technology 先进技术20admission n. 承认(罪行)；允许进入admit vt.&vi. 承认；供认；准许进入；接纳；容纳make an admission of sth.admit sth. 承认某事admit doing sth. 承认做某事admit of sth. 容许某事admit of no doubt 不容怀疑admit to 承认；通向admit that 从句承认admit sb./sth. into sth. 允许进入admit sb./sth. as/to be 承认某人或某物为配合各任课老师，激发学生的学习兴趣，挖掘他们的学习动力，在学生中培养苦学精神，发扬拼搏精神，形成以勤学为荣的班风；充分利用学校开展的“不比基础比进步，不比聪明比勤奋”以及具有储能特色的“当月之星”的评选活动，积极探索素质教育的新途径（2）短语1badly off 穷的；缺少的be badly off 拮据，贫穷be badly off for sth. 某物短缺，不够be short of/lack ofbe well off 有钱的，富裕的be well off for sth.某方面是充裕的2pick out 选出；选拔；分辨出；领会pick on 选择(某人或某物)作受罚(挨骂、干不愉快的工作)的对象pick up 拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；得到；学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转pick off 摘下，摘掉；逐个地(或有选择地)瞄准射中3cut off 切掉，割掉，分离，隔离(常跟 from)，中断cut across 抄近路穿过；对直穿过cut away 切掉，剪掉；逃走，跑开cut down 砍倒；(疾病等)夺去生命；削减，缩短；毁灭，破坏cut in 插嘴；突然插入cut into halves/pieces 切成两半/切碎cut out 切掉；删掉cut up 切碎，切掉；使丧气，使痛心4in general 总的来说；通常as a general rule 一般而言；通常，总之generally speaking 一般而言Its generally believed that. 普遍认为拓展：on the whole总的来说generally speaking一般说来as a whole就整体上来看in a word总之As a whole, the book is worth reading.就整体来看，这本书值得看。5get close to 接近close to 靠近；几乎keep a close eye/watch on 密切注视；严密监视close up/to 在近处close up to 离很近6come to life 活跃起来，变得更有趣，使人更兴奋come (back) to life/ones senses 苏醒过来come to oneself 恢复常态come to sb. (主意、办法等)被想出come to sth. 合计，共计，达到come to a conclusion 作出结论come to an end 结束come to nothing (no good) 没有结果(好处)come to sb.s attention 受到注意come to the point 谈正题（3）易混易错点拨1.direct/directly(1)direct 用于具体意义，指“中途不停地，径直地”。(2)directly 多用于抽象意义，表示“直接地”，还有“立即，马上”等意思。directly 还可用做连词引导时间状语从句，相当于 as soon as。用 direct和directly 填空(1)_ he came in, everyone was quiet.(2)He went _ to the airport.(3)The measure affects me _.Directly direct directly2. especially/specially/particularly(1)especially 强调程度，意为“特别，尤其”。(2)specially 强调目的，多指为某一特定目的而专门做某事。(3)particularly 表“特别地，尤其地”，可以与 especially 互换，但 particularly 还可作“详细地，细致地”讲。用 especially, specially, particularly 填空(1)The doctor told the patient _ not to drink.(2)I like the country, _in spring.(3)Please describe the event fully and _.specially especially/particularlyparticularly3.represent/on behalf of/stand for(1)represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”。(2)on behalf of只能用做状语，表示“代表/代替某人”。(3)stand for往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”。用represent/stand for/on behalf of填空(1)He _ our school to take part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.(2)_ everyone here, I wish you a very happy holiday.(3)What does the letter “E” _？represented On behalf of stand for4. protect/defend/guard(1)protect指采取一定措施，使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害，使用范围广泛。(2)defend着重指用武力抵御攻击和侵犯。(3)guard强调通过看守警戒，以确保安全。(1)The PLA Navy _ the coastline of our motherland.中国人民解放军海军守卫着我们祖国的海岸线。(2)We must _ the children from harm.我们必须保护儿童免受伤害。(3)We shall _ our country, whatever cost may be.无论付出什么代价，我们都要保卫我们的祖国。guard protect defend5. likely/probable/possible(1)likely 强调表面上看来有可能，与 probable 意思接近，有时可以互换，但 likely 常暗示从表面迹象来判断。常用句型：Sth./Sb. be likely to do.It is likely that.(2)probable 表示有几分根据的推测，比 possible 表示的可能性大。换句话说，probable的“有可能”，是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。常用句型：It is probable that.(3)possible 表示客观上潜在的可能性，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。常用句型：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.It is possible that.sth. is possibleas quickly/much/soon.as possible(1)It is _ that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesnt seem _.(2)The weather is _ to be fine.(3)It is _ for us to get from Beijing to Tianjin in less than an hour.possible probable likely possible6. close/closely(1)close 作副词用时，意为“在附近；靠近地”，多用来修饰由介词引导的短语，表示具体概念。(2)closely 为副词，意为“密切地”，多用来修饰动词或过去分词，表示抽象意义。(1)Three men were standing very _ in the corner.三个人紧挨着站在角落里。(2)The problem is _ connected with that one.这个问题与那个问题有密切的联系。close closely7. be famous for/be famous as/be famous to(1)be famous/known for 因而出名(2)be famous/known as 作为而出名(3)be famous/known to 对于来说出名用 for, as, to 填空New York is famous _ the world _ its skyscrapers _ a developed city.to for asII.重点句型背诵1.as在此引导定语从句，修饰后面整个句子，此时，定语从句的位置比较灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，译为“正如，正像”。As all his friends agree, he was unusually warmhearted, loving and generous.正如他所有的朋友都认为的那样，他非常热心、可亲、慷慨。I am as you can imagine short enough of money.正如你所想象的那样，我很缺钱。He was a teacher, as was clear from his manner.正如根据他的举止所断定的，他是一位老师。2.句型 Sb. happens to do sth.可以转换成 It happens that sb. does sth.，但使用时要注意复合句中从句谓语的时态要与简单句中的动词不定式的形式相呼应。When I went to see him, he happened to be away on holiday.(When I went to see him, it happened that he was away on holiday.)我去看他时，他碰巧在外度假。Joseph came to borrow my skiing boards yesterday, but I happened to have lent them to my cousin last week.(.but it happened that I lent them to my cousin last week.)约瑟夫昨天来借滑雪板，不巧的是我上星期借给我的表弟了。3.部分否定(1)not all.是部分否定，与 not构成部分否定的词还有：both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, wholly, altogether。Not every student passed the exam.并非所有的学生都通过了考试。Not all of us can speak English.并非我们都会说英语。提示：表示全部否定的词有：none, nobody, neither, never, nothing, nowhere, no one, not at all。 (2)本句后半句是 nor 引起的倒装句，nor 位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。She doesnt like dance, nor does her sister.她不喜欢跳舞，她姐姐也不喜欢。归纳拓展：含有否定意义的词置于句首往往引起部分倒装：含有否定意义的副词放在句首，如：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等。Never before has our country been as united as it is today. 我们国家从没像现在这样团结。含有否定意义的连词置于句首，如： neither.nor, no sooner.than., scarcely.when., hardly.when.等。No sooner had he left home than it began to rain.他一出家门天就开始下雨。含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首，如： by no means, in no time, in no case, on no account等。On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.你无论如何不能违背自己的良心而得到钱财。4.No wonder句型(It is) No wonder (that). 难怪；并不奇怪(It is) No wonder you were late! 难怪你来晚了！(It is) No wonder that he was so tired!难怪他这么累！拓展：(1)It is a wonder that.令人惊奇的是(2)What a wonder!多么令人惊异！/真想不到！(3)wonder at/about 对疑惑/奇怪wh从句whto do奇怪；想知道if.用于请求别人做某事或请求对方许可，语气委婉It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a tenstoried building.他从一幢十层楼的楼顶上摔下来，但仍然活着，真是一个奇迹。I wonder at his rudeness.我对他的粗鲁感到奇怪。He wondered why people built ugly houses, when they could have built beautiful ones.他很奇怪为什么人们本可以造出漂亮的房屋，而偏偏建造出丑陋的房子来。She was wondering whether to go back or stay.她不知是回去好还是留下来好。I wonder if youll help me with the luggage.我想知道你是否能帮我提这些行李。5.whever和no matter +疑问词引导的从句(1)whichever 无论哪一个，任何一个。既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。no matter which (whichever) 只能引导让步状语从句。whatever 不管/无论什么。既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。no matter what (whatever) 只能引导让步状语从句。whoever 无论谁，任何人。既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。no matter who(whoever)只能引导让步状语从句。 Take whatever you want.你可以拿你想要的任何东西。(no matter what，引导宾语从句)The content is the same, whichever book you choose.不管你选哪一本书，内容都是一样的。(no matter which, 引导让步状语从句) Whatever he does seems wrong in his fathers eyes.无论他做什么，在他父亲看来都是错的。(no matter what，引导主语从句)Whatever she does to him, he still loves her.无论她怎样对他，他都爱她。(no matter what，引导让步状语从句) Whoever (No matter who) asks him for advice, he is always ready to help.不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。Whoever(No matter who) breaks the law should be punished. 任何犯法的人都该受到惩罚。提示：whichever和 whatever的区别在于：前者通常有范围，而后者没有范围。 (2)“no matterwh结构”只能引导让步状语从句，都可用相应的 whever 代替。no matter wherewherever 无论哪里no matter whenwhenever 无论何时no matter howhowever 无论怎样 Come and see me whenever( no matter when) its convenient to you.你何时方便，何时就来看我。 Wherever (No matter where) you go, whatever (no matter what) you do and I will be right here waiting for you.无论你去何方，无论你做何事，我就在这儿等你。However (No matter how) difficult it is, we must complete the task.不论多么难，我们都要完成任务。III.阅读理解技法每日点拨文章的基本结构文章的基本结构就是指文章的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。常见的设题方式有：1. How is the passage mainly developed?2. The passage is developed mainly by _.3. How is the text organized?4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?解答此两类题，仍采用略读法，重点阅读首尾段以及中间各段的首尾句，根据各主旨及各段内在的逻辑关系来进行判断。另外，需掌握以下文体结构和说明方式的基础知识：1. 议论文的基本结构有“论点(总)论据(分：可以有两个或多个论据)结论(总)”或“总分”或“分总”三类。一个段落一般由表达核心思想的主题句(topic sentence)、围绕主题句而展开的支撑句子(supporting sentences)和结论句(concluding sentence)组成。2. 说明文中常用的说明方式主要有时间顺序(order in/of time)、空间顺序(order in/of space)、逻辑顺序(如原因与结果、现象与本质等)、举例子(providing examples)、作比较(making comparisons)、分析原因(analyzing causes)、作诠释(giving explanations)、分类别、列数字、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。顺便提提，掌握这些基础知识，对我们自己写作也非常有益。即学即用阅读下列短文节选，从每题所给的A，B，C和D项中，选出最佳选项。1. In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength. For ten hours a night, I took boxes that rolled down a metal track and piled them onto a truck .I would not have minded the difficulty of the work so much if the pay had not been so poor. I was paid the lowest wage of that time two dollars an hour .But even more than the low pay, what made me unhappy was the working conditions. During work I was limited to two ten-minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch .I stayed on the job for five months, all the while having the difficulty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked. By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again. How is the text organized?A. Topic Argument ExplanationB. Opinion Discussion DescriptionC. Main idea Comparison Supporting examplesD. Introduction Supporting examples Conclusion2. Unfortunately, not all of Moms advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars. The author develops the paragraph mainly _.A. by cause and effect B. by order in spaceC. by order in time D. by examples3. Armstrong showed a great talent for music when he was taught to play the cornet (短号) at a boys home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal. This paragraph is developed _.A. by space B. by examplesC. by time D. by comparison答案与解析1. 答案 D2. 答案 D解析 本篇作者首先提出观点“不幸的是，母亲的忠告并不都是经得起医学研究的检验的”。接着用for example引出，举了“在吃饭后一个小时内不要游泳”“糖果会引起牙病”两条忠告与研究结果不完全相符的事实来证明作者的观点。本题的展开方式是举例，故选D项。3. 答案 C解析 浏览全文，本文显然是按阿姆斯特朗的成长历程来写的，即按时间顺序来写的，故选C项。能力提升测一测I单词拼写1The government called on us to stop the bird flu from spreading t_ the country.2Floods in that country made thousands of people h_.3I think that you are f_ to have such a good teacher.4I was no longer satisfied with the life that had once c_ me.5Young as he is, he has o_ a lot of difficulties.throughouthomeless fortunate contented overcome6Charlie Chaplins _ (愉快的，有趣的) silent movies are still popular today.7The film _ (导演) by Chaplin was very interesting.8There was nothing in the letter of _ (特别) importance.9The news that our team had won _ (使惊讶) everyone.10The pen _ (滑落) from his hand.entertainingdirected particular astonished slided11He was c_ about everything he saw and kept asking questions.12In some countries, a visitor will be g_ with a kiss on the cheek.13What does X r_ in this equation (方程式)?14G_ speaking, women cry more easily than men.15I prefer c_ to tragedy.curiousgreeted represent Generally comedy16The _(主要的) subjects in senior high schools are Chinese, English and mathematics.17Quarrels are usually caused because of _(误解)18As you _(接近) the town, the first building you see is the church.19His _ (口头的) English is pretty good.20Can you show me to the _ (宿舍)?majormisunderstanding approach spoken dormitory21Most members of the committee were in favour of the suggestion; only a m_ were against it.22To my a_， the boy acted an old woman to sing a popular song.23They tried to get into the club but were refused a_.24The company made a wealthy p_ of 3 million last year.25I bought a ring for my girlfriend as a s_.minorityamusement admission profit souvenir26Every _ (生物) has its own way of life.27Stop living in a _ (幻想) world. You should be realistic.28Every week goes by with some _ (进展) in technology.29Which _ (牌子) of sports shoes do you prefer?30Have you ever been to a _ (主题) park?creaturefantasy advances brand themeII.语法填空（重点训练题型）1. A heavy rain lasted a whole day _ it impossible f