高考英语一轮复习构想 unit 3 inventors and inventions课时作业 新人教版选修

为深入贯彻落实党的十九大精神和习近平总书记的重要指示精神，保障人民安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家长治久安、进一步巩固党的执政基础，束城镇深入贯彻全市扫黑除恶会议精神，强化措施，深入扎实开展扫黑除恶专项斗争Unit 3Inventors and inventions .阅读理解A(2017广西重点高中考试)Weighing too much can damage your health, and obesity is a growing problem for both kids and adults around the world. Sleep might be one answer to the problem. A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds.Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more, but scientists have had a tough time determining “which_came_first,_the_chicken_or_the_egg，” says Julie C. Lumeng of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In other words, it hasnt been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios (可能出现的情况) seemed equally possible.To get a better idea of which causes which, Lumeng and her colleagues interviewed the parents of 785 third graders from around the United States. The parents answered questions about how well their kids slept that year. Three years later, the parents answered the same questions. By sixth grade, 18 percent of kids involved in the study were obese.The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students race or gender. It also didnt matter how strict their parents were, or whether they were boys or girls. Obesity struck all of these groups equally. Instead, sleep seemed to be the key factor. Over the 3 years of the study, the children averaged a healthy 9.5 hours of sleep a night. Some kids, however, slept a lot moreor lessthan others.For the sixth graders, every hour of sleep above the 9.5hour average was linked to a 20 percent lower risk of being obese. Sleep appeared doubly important for the third graders. Every extra hour of sleep they got was linked to a 40 percent drop in obesity.【解题导语】本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现，睡眠过少的小学生更容易发胖。1What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply?A. Scientists have found the exact causes of childrens obesity.B. There is always something difficult to understand through theory.C. The causeeffect relationship between weight and sleep isnt clear.D. A persons weight has something to do with the amount of his sleep.答案与解析：C考查句意理解。画线句表示的字面意思是“先有鸡还是先有蛋”，结合上下文的内容可知，文章引用这句话是为了表明“是睡眠少导致了肥胖还是肥胖导致了睡眠变少”这个问题还没有定论。下文的“In other words, it hasnt been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios (可能出现的情况) seemed equally possible”是解题的关键提示信息。2What did the interview find out?A. 9.5 hours of sleep a night is enough for children.B. The more a child sleeps, the healthier he will be.C. Six graders need much more sleep than third graders.D. Ones race or gender has nothing to do with his weight.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students race or gender”可知选D。3How does the author develop the passage?A. By listing figures.B. By comparing different opinions.C. By providing examples.D. By conducting a survey.答案与解析：A考查写作手法。文章主要介绍了一项研究，并列举了很多同该研究相关的数据，故选A。4What is the suitable title for the passage?A. The benefits of enough sleep for childrenB. Sleeping less increases the risk of obesityC. Which comes first, little sleep or obesity?D. How many hours of sleep do children need?答案与解析：B考查标题判断。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，睡眠少会增加肥胖的概率。故B项作文章标题最佳。【易错点拨】本题易误选C项。考生会以为本文就是在讨论“是睡眠少导致了肥胖还是肥胖导致了睡眠变少”，但是根据文章前两段的内容可知，本文的中心话题是“睡眠少会增加肥胖的概率”。B(2017福建省考试)More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed, causing problems with sleep. A new survey also shows more than 28 million people in the UK regularly get no more than seven hours sleep a night. Prof Richard Wiseman, who commissioned the YouGov poll described the findings as “extremely worrying”. Of the 2, 149 adults questioned, 78% said they used electronic devices before going to bed. This rose to 91% among the 18 to 24yearolds questioned in the survey.Getting less than seven hours sleep a night is below the recommended guidelines, and is associated with a range of problems, including an increased risk of weight gain, heart attacks, diabetes and cancer. “The blue light from these devices suppresses (压制) the production of the sleepinducing hormone melatonin, so its important to avoid them before bedtime，” said Prof Richard Wiseman, from the University of Hertfordshire.Everyone needs different amounts of sleep, but adults are generally thought to require a minimum of seven to eight hours a night. Teenagers are recommended to get more, about nine hours. The proportion (比例) of people thought to be getting too little sleep had risen by a fifth since a “bedroom poll” conducted last year by the National Sleep Foundation.Last week revealed opticians were warning that the overuse of smartphones may be increasing peoples risk of eye damage. Optician Andy Hepworth said, “Blue violet light is potentially harmful to the back of your eyes.” So over a long period of time it can damage your eyes. When youre looking at a smartphone, the light peaking out of that is blue violet. The news came as a survey of 2,000 people suggests under25s check their smartphones 32 times a day.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，睡前使用智能手机将导致睡眠问题。5The purpose of the passage is to _.A. stress that people dont use smartphonesB. remind people of enough sleepC. ask people not to sleep too muchD. tell people not to use smartphones before bed答案与解析：D考查写作意图。根据第一段的第一句“More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed, causing problems with sleep”可知，超过90%的年轻人会在睡前玩智能手机，因此导致睡眠问题；据此可以判断，本文旨在告诉人们不要在睡前玩智能手机，故D项正确。6Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. According to a new survey, more than 28 million people in the UK get more than seven hours sleep a night.B. More than 90% of young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed.C. Of the 2, 149 adults questioned, 91% said they used electronic devices before going to bed.D. The news came as a survey of 2,000 people suggests under25s check their smartphones 30 times a day.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段的第一句“More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed, causing problems with sleep”可知，超过90%的年轻人会有睡前玩智能手机，故B项正确；根据第一段的第二句“A new survey also shows more than 28 million people in the UK regularly get no more than seven hours sleep a night”可知，这些人每晚的睡眠时间不超过7个小时，故A项错误；根据第一段的倒数第二句“Of the 2,149 adults questioned, 78% said they used electronic devices before going to bed”可知，这些人中的78%说他们在睡前使用电子设备，故C项错误；根据文章的最后一句“The news came as a survey of 2,000 people suggests under25s check their smartphones 32 times a day”可知，这些人每天检查智能手机32次而不是30次，故D项错误。7According to what Andy Hepworth said, the overuse of smartphones may be increasing peoples risk of _.A. weight gainB. cancerC. eye damage D. heart attacks答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据最后一段的第一、二句“Last week revealed opticians were warning that the overuse of smartphones may be increasing peoples risk of eye damage. Optician Andy Hepworth said, Blue violet light is potentially harmful to the back of your eyes.”可知，Andy Hepworth认为，过度使用智能手机会损伤眼睛，故C项正确。8Teenagers are generally thought to get sleep of _ a night.A. about 9 hours B. 78 hoursC. less than 7 hours D. more than 10 hours答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段的第二句“Teenagers are recommended to get more, about nine hours”可知，青少年所需要的睡眠时间是每天大概9个小时，故A项正确。.完形填空(2017广西毕业班测试)Ive come to the conclusion that Im rubbish at saying “NO”. For example, last Sunday I was sitting at my desk alone, totally _1_ in my own business, when a colleague of mine phoned and asked me to get _2_ in shopping with her. I found myself getting all caught up in her _3_ and did want to _4_ her. So I said “Sure, why not？” and before the call _5_， I found myself agreeing, without giving any thought whether it was worth doing.We were both windowshoppers and _6_ a whole day in the street. _7_， I hardly have any time to spare because I am very busy. _8_ my normal job, Ive also got a book to write, a business to _9_ and a family to look after. And then there are my other projects to _10_my voluntary work and a couple of other interesting investments that I want to _11_. Im going to have to be more _12_ and not just agree to everything people ask me to do. In other words, Im going to have to get _13_ at saying “NO”. Usually I hate saying “NO”， because having to disappoint someone usually _14_ me. Now I realize because I havent learned to say “NO”， Ive been feeling very _15_.We had better do what we think is right and what we are _16_ to do. Sometimes it does not seem that bad to refuse others. If I focus on the things I really want to do, Ill reach a much higher _17_ and do them quite well. Ill be enthusiastic and _18_ and do something that is good for everyone and everyone will be _19_. Itll be a winwin _20_. Whats not good about that? So sometimes, we have to say “NO”【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲自经历的一件小事发出感慨：我们应学会拒绝，做自己愿意做的事情，做对别人有益的事情，达到双赢。1A.experiencedBabsorbedCinterested Ddisappointed解析：根据空后的“in my own business”可以判断，“我”独自坐在办公桌旁，全神贯注于自己的事情。be absorbed in为固定短语，意为“全神贯注于”，故B项正确。experience意为“经历”；interest意为“使感兴趣”；disappoint意为“使失望”。答案：B2A.lost BcombinedCengaged Dtrapped解析：根据下文可知，同事叫“我”跟她一起去购物。engage意为“参加，参与”，符合语境。lose意为“失去”；combine意为“联合”；trap意为“使陷入困境”。答案：C3A.kindness BapologyCcourage Denthusiasm解析：根据语境可知，“我”发现自己完全被她的热情缠住了。enthusiasm意为“热情”，符合语境。kindness意为“好意”；apology意为“道歉”；courage意为“勇气”。答案：D4A.please BforceCdisturb Dshock解析：根据下文内容可知，“我”没有拒绝，说明“我”想让她高兴。please意为“使高兴，使满意”，符合语境。force意为“强迫”；disturb意为“打扰”；shock意为“使震惊”。答案：A5A.dialed BannouncedCbegan Dended解析：根据上文可知，同事给“我”打电话，说明此处表示电话结束之前。end意为“结束”，符合语境。dial意为“拨”；announce意为“宣布”；begin意为“开始”。答案：D6A.took BkeptCcelebrated Dwasted解析：根据前半句可知，我们都是只逛不买的人，所以我们在街上浪费了一整天时间。waste意为“浪费”，符合语境。take意为“花费”；keep意为“保持”；celebrate意为“庆祝”。答案：D7A.Fortunately BActuallyCExtremely DFrequently解析：事实上“我”抽不出任何时间因为“我”很忙。actually意为“事实上”，符合语境。fortunately意为“幸运地”；extremely意为“非常”；frequently意为“频繁地”。答案：B8A.Because of BRegardless ofCApart from DInstead of解析：根据本句中的“normal job”和“also got a book to write”可知，“我”除了正常的工作外，还有一本书要写。apart from意为“除了”，符合语境。because of意为“因为”；regardless of意为“不管，不顾”；instead of意为“代替”。答案：C9A.distribute BrunCdesign Dinvent解析：根据语境可知，“我”有要管理的生意。run意为“管理，经营”，符合语境。distribute意为“分配”；design意为“设计”；invent意为“发明”。答案：B10A.consider BfetchCdivide Denlarge解析：根据语境可知，“我”还有其他的计划要考虑。consider意为“考虑”，符合语境。fetch意为“取来”；divide意为“划分”；enlarge意为“扩大”。答案：A11A.take in Bwork onCturn out Dmake up解析：根据语境可知，“我”想要从事其他有趣的投资。work on意为“从事”，符合语境。take in意为“吸收，欺骗”；turn out意为“结果是”；make up意为“编造”。答案：B12A.coldblooded BbrokenheartedCwarmhearted Dilltreated解析：根据本句中的“not just agree to everything people ask me to do”可知，“我”打算变得无情一点。coldblooded意为“残酷的，无情的”，符合语境。brokenhearted意为“心碎的”；warmhearted意为“热心的”；illtreated意为“受虐待的”。答案：A13A.further BworseCfaster Dbetter解析：换句话说，“我”要更擅长说“不”。固定搭配good at意为“擅长