高考英语专题冲刺 专题04 阅读理解之议论文（含解析）

为深入贯彻落实党的十九大精神和习近平总书记的重要指示精神，保障人民安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家长治久安、进一步巩固党的执政基础，束城镇深入贯彻全市扫黑除恶会议精神，强化措施，深入扎实开展扫黑除恶专项斗争专题卷四 阅读理解之议论文1.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。When I was young, my mother didnt have the money to send me to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.We need every one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you quit on schoolyoure not just quitting on yourself, youre quitting on your country. No ones written your destiny（命运）for you, because you write your own destiny. You make your own future. Thats why today Im calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time reading a book.But whatever you decide to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard workthat your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star. No ones born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. Youre not a good athlete the first time you play a new sport. You dont hit every note the first time you sing a song. Youve got to practice.1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?AThe writers home was very rich.BThe writers mother was a teacher.CThe writer was born in a poor family.DThe writer didnt like reading books.2.What does the writer want everyone to do by improving their talents and skills?ATo quit on their country to earn more money.BTo offer help to the old people who have difficulties.CTo write their own new destiny by working as TV star.DTo spend some time writing books about their own life.3.Why does the writer call on everyone to set his/her own goal?ABecause everyones future is determined by themselves.BBecause everyones future is to do simple work.CBecause everyone should do their homework.DBecause everyone should pay attention in class.4.How can people realize their great dream?ABy rapping.BBy playing basketball.CBy being a reality star.DBy working hard.【答案】1.C 2.B3.A4.D2.B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话 “We need every one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.”可知作者想通过提高每一个人的才能和技能从而帮助有困难的老人。3.A细节理解题。根据第二段的第四、第五句话 “You make your own future. Thats why today Im calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them.”可知作者号召大家设立自己的目标的目的是因为自己命运应该由自己来书写。4.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “No ones born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work.”可知人们必须通过自己的努力工作才能实现自己的梦想。故选D项。考点：考查议论文阅读【题型】阅读理解【难度】较易2.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。 Fighting racial stereotypes on US campuses often begins by putting students of different ethnic backgrounds together under one dormitory roof. Sam Boakye was a freshman at Ohio State University and the only black student on his floor. He was determined to get good grades in part to make sure his white roommate had no basis for negative racial views. Youre pushed to do better, to challenge the stereotype that black people are not that smart, he told the New York Times. Several recent studies have found that having a roommate of a different race can reduce prejudice, diversify(使多样化)friendships and even promote students academic performance. In a study by Ohio State psychology professor Russell Fazio, black freshmen who came to college with high test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommateeven if the roommates test scores were low. Another study on student interaction by Duke University suggests that freshmen with roommates of a different race were the most likely to diversify their friendships. “Just having diversity in classrooms doesnt do anything to increase interracial friendships,” said Claudia Buchman, an author of the Duke study. “But living together with a different-race roommate does lead to more interracial friendships.” There are, however, some problems with such room assignments. Fazios study found that three times as many randomly(随机地) assigned interracial roommates werent living together at the end of the semester, compared with white roommates. Interracial roommates also spent less time together, had fewer joint activities and were less involved with each others friends than white pairs. As for Boakye, this is not the case. “A lot of white students come without much exposure to diversity, so when their first interaction with a black guy isnt bad, they will make more black friends. I think I made a good impression on my freshman roommate. I saw him this year, and he said, Hey dude, youre not the only black friend I have. That felt good.” 1.Having a roommate of a different race can have the following benefits EXCEPT_ .A. making more friends B. reducing prejudiceC. earning better grades D. improving physical health2.Sam Boakye was determined to get good grades partly because_.A. he wanted to prove he was a smart boyB. he intended to please his parentsC. he wished to earn the scholarshipD. he wanted to show black people are as smart as white people3.We can conclude that Boakye_.A. got along well with his white roommateB. shared fewer joint activities with his white roommateC. had a negative attitude towards his white roommateD. is still living together with his freshman white roommate 4.The 4th paragraph is mainly about_.A. the interracial friendshipB. some problems with having an interracial roommateC. some comments on the interracial roommatesD. the interaction between the black student and the white student【答案】1.D2.D3.A4.B2.D推理判断题。根据第二段Youre pushed to do better, to challenge the stereotype that black people are not that smart, he told the New York Times.可知他是想证明他跟白人一样聪明，选D。3.A推理判断题。根据最后一段I think I made a good impression on my freshman roommate. I saw him this year, and he said, Hey dude, youre not the only black friend I have. Th at felt good.”可知，他跟室友相处很好。故选A。4.B主旨大意题。第四段主要是讲不同种族文化学生在一个寝室产生的问题，故选B。考点：考查议论文阅读【题型】阅读理解【难度】一般3.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。Why Ive taken a break from holidaysIt is now close to four years since I last took a holidayThis is because I have come to the conclusion，over the course of my adult life，that I am not very good at itYou might think this sounds like saying youre not very good at drinking tea or listening to musicWhat could possibly be difficult about the natural act of putting your working life on hold for a couple of weeks and going somewhere warm to do nothing？I was a model holidaymaker as a kidHowever，the problems started during my twentiesA trip to the south of France was ended after just two days，mainly because I had an urge to check my e-mailsSimilarly，my honeymoon was cut short by 48 hoursnot because my wife and I werent enjoying ourselves，but because we were missing our catsSo what is my problem？On the surface，Im probably a bit of a homebodyAnd I just find the pressure of being on holiday too severe：it always feels like having a gun held to my head and being forced to have funSomehow，packing a list of possessions and meeting a scheduled flight has none of the excitement of suddenly deciding to take a day off and driving somewhere for the fun of itThankfully，Im not aloneThis summer，most of my friends have decided not to have a breakAnd a recent survey proved the downside of holidays，with the results showing that nearly two thirds of people found that the calming effects of a holiday wore off within 24 hours，as stress levels returned to normalAnd this year The Idler magazine published its Book of Awful HolidaysHere you will find a list of the five most ecologically-damaging vacations its possible to take，along with 50 painful holiday experiences voted for on The Idler websiteWhat interests me is what the concept of a “holiday” says about our livesFor me，the point of living is to have a life you enjoy for 52 weeks a yearThe more I like my life and the better I structure it，the less I want to go awayMaybe Im an unusual person for not liking holidays，but I just feel the time when Im not working is too valuable to waste on them1The events the author describes in the second paragraph show _Ahow hard he has tried to enjoy holidaysBhow badly he behaves when he is on holidayChis lack of enthusiasm for being on holidayDhis fear of something bad when he is on holiday2What does the author think of holidays？AThey are often well organized in order to please other peopleBHe feels embarrassed when other people are having fun but he isntCHe tends to be made responsible for too much of the organization of themDThey are less enjoyable than breaks that have not been planned in advance3The underlined word “downside” in the fourth paragraph probably means _Aabsence Bdamage Cdisadvantage Dconflict4What is the authors attitude towards “taking a holiday”？ADisapproving.BSupportive.CNeutral.DUnconcerned.【答案】 1. D2. D3. C4. A【解析】作者对休假有种异样的感受。每次休假，作者总会遇到闹心的事情。1. D细节理解题。第二段举例说明，作者在休假中遇到烦人的事情，以至于作者对休假有种恐惧感。2. D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句packing a list of possessions and meeting a scheduled flight has none of the excitement of suddenly deciding to take a day off and driving somewhere for the fun of it可知：作者认为，度假远不如事先没有安排的临时的休息更有趣。考点：考查议论文阅读【题型】阅读理解【难度】一般 4.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite(寄生虫) that can be caught from cat litter(猫砂), a study has found. Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) parasite(刚地弓形虫), which is spread through contact with cat waste or eating undercooked meat or unwashed vegetables, are at increased risk of attempting suicide. The study involved more than 45,000 women in Denmark. About a third of the worlds population is infected with the parasite, which hides in cells in the brain and muscles, often without producing symptoms. The infection, which is called toxoplasmosis(弓形虫病), has been linked to mental illness, such as schizophrenia(精神分裂症), and changes in behavior. The studys senior author Doctor Teodor Postolache, an associate professor of psychiatry(精神病学) at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the United States, said, We cant say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies. Doctor Albert Reece, vice president of medical affairs at the University of Maryland, said, T. gondii infection is a major public health problem around the world, and many people dont realize theyre infected. Dr Postolache is a leading expert on suicide neuroimmunology(神经免疫学). Suicide is a critically important mental health issue. About one million people commit suicide and another 10 million attempt suicide worldwide each year. We hope that this type of research will one day help us find ways to save many lives that now end too early in suicide. Dr. Postolaches research team at the University of Maryland was the first to report a connection between T. gondii and suicidal behavior in 2009. He is cooperating with researchers in Denmark, Germany and Sweden to confirm and investigate the way leading to this association. The T. gondii parasite thrives in the intestines(肠) of cats, and it is spread through their waste. All warm-blooded animals can become infected through contact with it. Humans can become infected by changing their infected cats litter boxes, eating unwashed vegetables, drinking water from a polluted source, or by eating undercooked or raw meat. Not washing kitchen knives after preparing raw meat before handling another food item also can lead to infection. Pregnant women can pass the parasite directly to their unborn babies and are advised not to change cat litter boxes to avoid possible infection. Babies dont produce antibodies to T. gondii for three months after they are born, so the antibodies present in their blood represented infection in the mothers. The scientists studied Danish health patients to determine if any of these women later attempted suicide, including cases of violent suicide attempts which may have involved guns, sharp instruments and jumping from high places. The study found that women infected with T. gondii were one and a half times more likely to attempt suicide compared to those who were not infected, and the risk seemed to rise with increasing levels of the T. gondii antibodies. Dr Postolache noted limitations to the study, such as the inability to determine the cause of the suicidal behavior. The findings were published online in the Archives of General Psychiatry.1.The common way which is more likely to be infected with the disease is _.A. to eat unwashed meat or undercooked vegetablesB. to clean a place where a cat once lived for a timeC. to pass the infection to her unborn baby during a womans pregnancyD. to reuse kitchen tools which have been used to cut raw meat2.What is the consequence if a woman is infected with the parasite in the passage?A. Having a high fever. B. Doing deliberate self-harm.C. Keeping a depressed mood. D. Becoming bad tempered.3.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Women have a higher risk to be infected by the parasite than men.B. The result of the research may help the scientists to find ways to stop suicide in advance.C. The scientists will continue their research into the possible connection.D. The risk of being infected seems to rise with the decreasing levels of the antibodies.4.Which of the following statements would probably be the best title of the passage?A. Why are women more likely to commit suicide? B. Women should keep away from cats.C. Ways found to deal with womens mental problems.D. Are women who own cats at a suicide risk?【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.D2.B细节理解题。根据文章第五段we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies.”可知这种病菌与人们的自杀企图是有关系的，自杀是一种自残的自我伤害的行为。故B正确。3.C推理判断题。根据文章第五段“We cant say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies.”可知我们现在无法确定这种病菌与女性自杀之间的联系，但是科学家会继续努力发现这两者之间的联系。故C正确。4.D主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite that can be caught from cat litter, a study has found.可知本文讲述的是与猫长时间接触的人容易有精神方面的问题。文章对此现象进行了研究。故D正确。考点：考查议论文阅读【题型】阅读理解【难度】较难5.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。It seems that the great desire among the young is to be popular. The desire to be popular can force you into looking and acting like everyone else. You can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thinking styles.I was forced to think about popularity not too long ago in a talk I had with my daughter. Margy had to change schools when my busy work schedule made it necessary for me to move houses. I suppose that, for a girl in her teens, entering a new school is like spending a season alone in the tropical jungles. At least thats how Margy found it at first. However, as the school year drew to a close, one student after another came to her. I told Margy that I would have been more concerned if she had been an instant social success in her new school. Nobody can please everyone. If you try to do so, you will find values as lasting as soap bubbles blown into the air.Some teenagers claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in a certain way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon into a larger cocoon.I know that it has become harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave. Our way of life makes a young non-conformist stand out like a Martian. These days theres a great barrier for the young person who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. Well, go to it. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. Thats the only kind of popularity that really counts.1.Why was the author worried about his daughters popularity in her new school?A. She might find no true friends.B. She would ignore her academic performance.C. She had no idea of her own.D. She might betray her true self.2.What does the author think of most teenagers?A. Theyre afraid of getting lost in life.B. They have difficulty understanding each other.C. They lack the courage to be truly different.D. They find it hard to gain popularity as expected.3.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word non-conformist in Paragraph 4?A. Someone who cares about others opinion.B. Someone who desires popularity greatly.C. Someone who behaves in his own way.D. Someone who wants to please others.