高考英语冲刺导练（28）

“讲忠诚、严纪律、立政德”三者相互贯通、相互联系。忠诚是共产党人的底色，纪律是不能触碰的底线，政德是必须修炼的素养。永葆底色、不碰底线天津市耀华中学2017届高考英语冲刺导练（28） 【读写应用综合训练】一、完形填空Cloze III 记叙文 精选-6 政德才能立得稳、立得牢。要深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平总书记关于“立政德”的重要论述，深刻认识新时代立政德的重要性和紧迫性。A little girl lived in a simple and poor house on a hill. Usually she 36 play in the small garden. She could see over the garden fence and across the valley a wonderful house with shining golden windows high on another hill. 37 she loved her parents and her family, she desired to live in such a house and 38 all day about how wonderful and exciting 39 must feel to live there.At the age when she gained some 40 skill and sensibility (识别力), she 41 her mother for a bike ride 42 the garden. Her mother finally allowed her to go, 43 her keeping close to the house and not 44 too far. The day was beautiful. The little girl knew 45 where she was heading! 46 the hill and across the valley, she rode to the 47 of the golden house. 48 she got off her bike and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path 49 to the house and then on the house itself. She was very disappointed when she 50 that all the windows were 51 and rather dirty.So 52 and heart-broken, she didnt go any further. She 53 and all of a sudden she saw an amazing 54 . There on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden. Looking at her little home, she 55 that she had been living in her golden house filled with love and care. Everything she dreamed was right there in front of her nose!36. A. might B. should C. would D. must37. A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. But38. A. dreamed B. worriedC. asked D. shouted39. A. this B. thatC. it D. which40. A. different B. scientificC. musicalD. basic41. A. begged B. blamed C. invited D. paid42. A. inside B. outside C. through D. along43. A. insisting on B. relying on C. arguing aboutD. wondering about44. A. traveling B. running C. riding D. walking45. A. madly B. rapidly C. exactlyD. possibly46. A. OverB. Down C. Around D. Beside47. A. windows B. steps C. center D. gate48. A. UntilB. As C. While D. Because49. A. getting B. introducing C. leading D. moving50. A. felt B. learnedC. concluded D. found51. A. transparent B. bright C. plain D. wide52. A. anxious B. angry C. Serious D. sad53. A. turned aroundB. cheered up C. settled downD. dropped in54. A. hill B. valley C. background D. sight55. A. imagined B. decided C. realized D. guessed二、阅读理解Reading Comprehension 阅读微技能 Micro Reading Skills解析与训练 系列 14微技能14：理解作者意图Purposes & Intentions这类题主要考查学生对作者的写作目的和意图的理解能力。题干主要有以下几种形式：1) What is the purpose of the text?The purpose of the passage is to. 4) Who are the intended readers of the passage? 5) What does the author mean by saying “”? 6) From theparagraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us? 7)The writer writes this passage in order to . .8) The writers purpose of writing this passage is to .9)In writing the passage, the author intends to .10) The writer uses the example ofto show that. 11)are mentioned in the first paragraph to . 解题思路：根据文体类别推断写作目的。历年高考阅读题中，不同文体与三种写作意图类型的大致对应关系。第一种：愉悦读者（to entertain readers），常见于故事类的文章。第二种：说服读者（to persuade readers，to sell a product or a service），通过对旅游景点报刊杂志影片电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客读者或订户观众等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）。第三种：提供信息（to inform readers），多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握当然还有对于细节内容的目的的理解，阅读时有必要对文章的细节到主题都准确理解，并训练对主题归纳的能力。 Passage 1 Below is a selection from a popular science book.If blood is red, why are veins (静脉) blue?Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when its outside the body, when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, its more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.Which works harder, your heart or your brain?That kind of depends on whether you are busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.Why do teeth fall out, and why dont they grow back in grown-ups?Baby (or “milk) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later OIL Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, youre done. When they are gone, theyre gone. This is because nature figures youre set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isnt because theyre shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects j of gravity. Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people dont really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, its because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often become more bent and curved.Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)？Because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling. The brain senses that youre spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not!Where do feelings and emotions come from?Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, its “use it, or lose it! Its not that exercise makes you healthy; its more than a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.46. What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the akin?A. Blue.B. Light yellow.C. Red.D. Dark reddish purple.47. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?A. Because their spine is in active use. B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.C. Because they keep growing backwards. D. Because their spine becomes more bent.48. Which of the following statements about our brain is true?A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.C. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.49. What is the main purpose of the selection?A. To give advice on how to stay healthy. B. To provide information about our body.C. To challenge new findings in medical research. D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science. 浙江卷CThe baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代物).During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesnt “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort f it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother.”50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?A. Warmth.B. Milk.C. Contact.D. Trust.51. After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former_. A. larger in sizeB. closer to themC. less frightening and less disturbingD. more comfortable to rub against52. What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？A. Attention.B. Softness.C. Confidence.D. Interest.53. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, _.A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysB. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsC. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingD. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54. The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. give the reasons for the experimentB. present the findings of the experimentC. introduce the method of the experimentD. describe the process of the experiment Test 题材4 The light from the campfire brightened the darkness, but it could not prevent the damp cold of Denniss Swamp (沼泽地) creeping into their bones. It was a strange place. Martin and Tom wished that they had not accepted Jacks dare. They liked camping, but not near this swamp.“So,” Martin asked as they sat watching the hot coals. “How did this place get its name?”“Are you sure you want to hear it? Its a scary story,” warned Jack.“Of course!” cried out Tom. “If there were anything to be scared of, you wouldnt have chosen this place!”“OK, but dont say I didnt warn you,” said Jack, and he began his tale.“Way back in time, a man called Dennis tried to start a farm here. He built that cottage over there to live in. In those days, the area looked quite differentit was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystal-clear river. After three hard years, Dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops. He was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.“You are clearing too much land, warned one old man. The land is a living thing. It will hit back at you if you abuse it. “Silly fool, said Dennis to himself. If I clear more land, I can grow more crops. Ill become wealthier. Hes just jealous!”“Dennis continued to chop down trees. Small animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed. He was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door. He did not notice salt seeping to the surface of the land. He did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.”“What happened?” Martin asked. It was growing colder. He trembled, twisting his body closer to the fire.“The land hit backjust as the old man warned, ” Jack shrugged. “Dennis disappeared. Old folks around here believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater. His body was never found.”“What a stupid story,” laughed Tom. “Plants cant ” Before he had finished speaking, he screamed and fainted (晕倒). The other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at Tom. Suddenly, they burst out laughing. Some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered Toms face. It was a while before Tom could appreciate the joke.56. The underlined word “dare” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. courageB. assistanceC. instructionD. challenge57. Why did Jack tell Tom and Martin the story?A. To frighten them.B. To satisfy their curiosity.C. To warn them of the danger of the place.D. To persuade them to camp in the swamp.58. Why did Dennis ignore the warning of the old man?A. The old man envied him.B. The old man was foolish.C. He was too busy to listen to others.D. He was greedy for more crops.59. Why did Tom scream and faint?A. He saw Denniss shadow.B. He was scared by a plant.C. His friends played a joke on him.D. The weather became extremely cold.60. What lesson can we learn from the story of Dennis?A. Grasp all, lose all.B. No sweat, no sweet.C. It is no use crying over spilt milk.D. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.CMany people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well.Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as bracketing. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.Most of the time we lack this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we dont want to hear.It wasnt until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic (有疗效的). In about a quarter of the patients I saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy (心理疗法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patients sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.66. The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in Paragraph 2 probably means _.A. preparing a topic list firstB. focusing on ones own mindC. directing the talk to the desired resultsD. experiencing the speakers inside world67. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A. How to listen well.B. What to listen to.C. Benefits of listening.D. Problems in listening.68. According to the author, in communication people tend to _.A. listen activelyB. listen purposefullyC. set aside their prejudicesD. open up their inner mind69. According to the author, the patients improved mainly because _.A. they were taken good care ofB. they knew they were truly listened toC. they had partners to talk to D. they knew the roots of problems70. What type of writing is the article likely to be?A. Science fiction.B. A news report.C. A medical report.D. Popular science.DOne might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture i