[外语学习]词义猜测技巧之 通过上下文进行词义猜测.ppt

词义猜测题解题策略 Lead in The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. 67. The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “_”. A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination _ _ 词义词义 猜测题测题 常见见的考查查形式： 1) The phrase “” in the sentence could be replaced by _. 2) The world “” in the paragraph refers to _. 3) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean? 4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”? 5) The world “” most nearly means _ . 6) What do you think the expression “” stand for? 词义猜测题解题策略之 -通过上下文进行词义猜测 猜词是英语阅读 的重要技巧，也是高 考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜” ，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、 上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义 。 要求猜测词义 的词一般为实词 (动词 、名 词、形容词等)。就方法来说，主要根据上 下文线索和构词法。高考阅读 文章中更侧 重前者。 2008200920102011 1 1 1 1 技巧点拨拨 【例1】 In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 词义：_困境 Skill 1： 通过_进行猜测 定义句的谓语动词多为：_ _ be called, be known as, define, represent等。 be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, Practice : His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 词义：_ 动物学家 定义或释义关系 技巧点拨拨 【例2】 1) They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. _ 2) We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week. _ 3) In fact，only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat , exist in the U.S. today. (NMET 2005浙江) _ 古城堡 夜班 野猫 Skill 2： 通过_进行猜测同位关系 Practice : You should never put a cotton swab or other object into the ear canal. But you can use a swab or cloth to clean the outer part of the ear. The experts agree with the old saying that you should never put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear. ( )What does a “swab” mostly probably mean? A. something soft, small and used in clinics B. something hard, long and used at home C. something thin, wet and like an elbow D. something safe, big and like a toy 技巧点拨拨 【例3】 1)If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. _ 2) Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing. _ 不同意 无辜的 Skill 3： 通过_进行猜测对比关系或反义关系 表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有： _ _ yet, despite，in spite of，instead等， 有时也用破折号或冒号等符号. but，however，while， on the other hand，on the contrary， 【例4】 Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. English-speaking people added s or son. The Johsons are descendants of John; the Roberts familys ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the ODonnells are descendants of the same Donnell. (NMET 2010 江苏苏) The underlined word “descendants” means a persons_. A. later generations B. friends and relatives C. colleagues partners D. later sponsors name. English-speaking Skill 4： 通过_进行猜测例证 表示举例或同位语表示释义或举例词语的信息 词有_ _ 等，也有e.g.(举例) 、i.e(也就是）。 for example，for instance，such as， in other words，that is to say，namely Practice : On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. 词义：_ 家禽 【例5】 When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it come on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. (NMET 2004 广东东) The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off ” means that the colours . A.attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customers C. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interest Skill 5： 通过_进行猜测因果关系 表示因果关系的信息词有 _ _ 等，也有e.g.(举例) 、i.e(也就是）。 because，as，since，for， thus，so，therefore 【例6】 Tom cant find his sneakers. C. shoes Tom cant find his white sneakers Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers. A. moneyB. bowls Skill 6： 通过_进行猜测生词所在的上下文 1.When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well-paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area? I wanted to know. (NMET 2006 广东东) The underlined phrase “turn his bake on ”most probably means A.leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on 2. There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best. What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean? A. Dirty. B. Dark. C. Worn-out. D. Plain-looking. ( 2011 全国II E ) “I didnt hear them call my name,” explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens (AT) as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004. “Are you ready?“ is what she heard. Then she said, “I shook my head no, and then they said yes and it was announced again.” It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old high school student from Destrehan, Louisiana -she was still on cloud nine “I was so shocked! I never believed that it could actually really happen.“ Present in the audience（观众）that day were: her mother and father, older brother, her friends, and her dan