高中英语 unit 2 the universal language section ⅴ project教学案 牛津译林版选修8

Unit 2 The universal language Section Project原文呈现读文清障From the blues to popEarly jazzToday I will take a brief look at how Western music progressed from the blues to pop. Modern pop music has its roots in the folk songs of black Americans held in slavery. During the late part of the 19th century, black musicians used these folk songs to create a kind of music called the blues, because it had a tendency to be very sad. While the blues was popular， as a musical format it lacked variety and was too sad and slow to dance to. Thus, from the blues, there sprung up a faster, livelier kind of music called jazz.Louis Armstrong, a black trumpet player and singer, was one of the fathers of jazz. Unlike most musicians who played the music as it was written, he would change the music as he was playing it to reflect his feelings at the time. Other musicians began to copy his style and the libertyhe brought to his music. The ability to adapt the music while it is being played is one of the major characteristics of jazz.blues/bluz/n.布鲁斯音乐，蓝调progress v进展，进步，发展root/rut/n.起源，起因；根，根茎have its roots in 起源于过去分词短语held in slavery作后置定语，修饰black Americans。slavery/sleIvrI/n.奴隶身份；奴隶制tendency/tendnsI/n.倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的趋势While the blues .是while引导的让步状语从句。format/fmt/n.形式；格式；版式lack v缺少，缺乏too . to . 太而不能dance to 伴着跳舞(to用作介词)spring up 突然兴起，迅速出现trumpet/trmpIt/n.小号；喇叭liberty/lIbtI/n.自由he brought to his music 是一个定语从句，修饰liberty，在从句中作宾语的关系代词which/that 省略了。while 引导时间状语从句，while 表示“正当时候”。从蓝调音乐到流行乐早期爵士乐今天我将简要地回顾一下西方音乐是如何从蓝调音乐发展到流行乐的。现代流行音乐起源于奴隶制时期美国黑人的民歌。在19世纪晚期，黑人音乐家们根据这些民歌创造了一种被称作蓝调音乐(又译布鲁斯)的音乐形式，因为这种音乐有忧伤的趋势。尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎，但作为一种音乐形式，它缺少变化，而且太伤感、节奏太慢，不适合跳舞时伴奏。于是，从蓝调音乐中发展出一种节奏更轻快、更活泼的音乐形式，叫作爵士乐。黑人小号手及歌手路易斯阿姆斯特朗是爵士乐的创始人之一。与其他大部分按照写好的乐谱演奏的音乐家不同，他会在演奏时即兴改变原来的曲子，以反映他演奏时的心情。其他的乐手开始模仿他的风格以及他赋予音乐的自由。在演奏时可以即兴改编音乐成为爵士乐的主要特征之一。From R & B to rock and rollFrom the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a gradualdecline， and was replaced by a new musical trend known as rhythmand blues, or R & B. R & B was then and now often thought of as a form of AfricanAmerican music. It combined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz with the older blues sound. During the early 1950s, one particular style of R & B became popular rock and roll. One of the first rock and roll musicians was Big Joe Turner. He was a black American singer who had started out performing jazz in the 1920s, and then turned to R & B in the 1940s. In 1954, he recorded one of the very first rock and roll songs, ShakeRattle and Roll,rock and rolln摇滚乐gradual/rdl/adj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的decline/dIklaIn/n.衰落，衰败；减少；下降；vi.&vt.衰落；下降；婉言谢绝go to a decline 走向衰落trend/trend/n.趋势，动向rhythm/rIm/n.节奏，韵律；节律，有规则的变化rhythm and bluesn(abbr.R& B)节奏布鲁斯；节奏蓝调rattle/rtl/vi. &vt.(使)发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音；使紧张或恐惧从节奏蓝调到摇滚乐,从20世纪30年代初期到20世纪50年代初期，传统的爵士乐渐渐走向没落，被一种叫作节奏蓝调(节奏布鲁斯摇摆乐)或R & B的新音乐趋势所取代。R & B在当时以及现在常常被认为是一种美国黑人音乐的形式。它把多种爵士乐的明快节奏与传统的蓝调音乐融合起来。在20世纪50年代早期，一种特定风格的R & B开始流行摇滚乐。第一代摇滚乐乐手之一就是胖子乔特纳。他是一名美国黑人歌手，20世纪20年代开始演奏爵士乐，到20世纪40年代转向表演R & B。1954年，他录制了最原始的摇滚乐曲之一晃动、吵闹和摇滚。This became a hit on the R & B charts, and then was recorded by Bill Haley and the Comets， a white band， and became a hit on the pop charts. Bill Haley and the Comets then recorded Rock Around the Clock， which became the number one hit of 1955.Rock Around the Clock caused rock music to be recognized as its own, separate style, and made it popular around the world.In the early 1950s, a record company owner from Memphis, Tennessee, Sam Philips, sought to bring rock music to white audiences. Because of the prejudice and racial discrimination of the time, he knew that he had to use white singers or the records might not get played on the radio. In 1954, Elvis Presley made his first record for Philips. Within two years, Presley became the most popular music star in the world, and even today he is known as the King of Rock and Roll. He had seventeen number one songs and ten number one albums. Only one musical act has sold more records. become a hit 轰动一时hit 作名词，可表示“风行一时的事物(如电影、戏剧、歌曲等)”。comet/kmIt/n.彗星band/bnd/n.乐队；一伙人；带子；条纹seek/sik/(sought, sought) vt. &vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求seek to do sth. 试图做某事prejudice/preddIs/n.偏见，成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见discrimination/dIskrImIneIn/n.歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力racial discrimination 种族歧视act n表演者，表演组合这首乐曲成了R & B歌曲排行榜的轰动曲目，后来比尔哈利和白人乐队“彗星”合唱团重新翻唱了这支乐曲，使它成为流行音乐排行榜上的热门歌曲。比尔哈利和“彗星”合唱团后来又录制了昼夜摇滚，这是1955年冠军单曲。昼夜摇滚让摇滚乐作为一种特有的、独立的音乐风格为人们所认可，使它在全世界流行起来。,在20世纪50年代早期，一位来自田纳西州孟菲斯城的唱片公司老板萨姆菲利普斯试图将摇滚乐带给白人观众。由于当时的偏见和种族歧视，他知道他必须启用白人歌手，否则唱片就可能无法在广播中播出。1954年，埃尔维斯普雷斯利为菲利普斯录制了他的第一张唱片。不到两年，普雷斯利成为世界上最闪耀的流行音乐明星，即使今日，他仍被称为“摇滚乐之王”。他有17首冠军单曲和10张冠军专辑。只有一个音乐组合曾卖出更多唱片。1960s pop musicWith sales of more than 1 billion records, the British pop group known as the Beatles was the supreme rock and roll band of the 1960s. The Beatles brought Western pop music to audiences around the world. Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called Beatlemania thousands of fans would surround them, screaming and going crazy trying to see them. In 1965, the Beatles held a concert at Shea Stadium in New York that was attended by approximately 55,000 people. It was one of the first concerts held in a sports stadium and perhaps the largest concert held up to that time. In many, many ways, the Beatles were pioneers for what was to come: Nowadays, concerts held in sports stadiums are common, and it seems that every few years there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles. However, even though the Beatles broke up in 1970, no group since has ever come close to being as popular or selling as many records.scream/skrim/vi. 尖叫，高声喊；呼啸n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音go crazy 发疯现在分词短语screaming and going crazy trying . 作surround 的伴随状语。同时trying to see them 又作screaming and going crazy 的伴随状语。that was attended by . 是that 引导的定语从句，修饰a concert。过去分词短语held in a sports stadium 作后置定语，修饰concerts。break up 破裂，解散；破碎20世纪60年代的流行音乐,拥有超过10亿张的唱片销量，英国流行乐队“披头士”(或译“甲壳虫”)是20世纪60年代首屈一指的摇滚乐队。“披头士”将西方的流行音乐带给了全世界的听众。无论“披头士”乐队到哪里，都会出现一种“披头士狂”现象成千上万的歌迷围住他们，尖叫着，疯狂地想见他们一面。1965年，“披头士”乐队在纽约谢伊露天体育场举办了一场音乐会，大约有55 000人参加。这是首批在体育场中举办的音乐会中的一场，可能也是截至当时最大规模的音乐会。在许多方面，“披头士”乐队是引领未来的先锋：如今，在体育馆中举办音乐会已经很平常，而且似乎每过几年就会有一个新的男孩乐队出现，试图重现“披头士”乐队的魅力。但是，尽管“披头士”乐队在1970年就解散了，但从那以后没有一个乐队能够望其项背，如此受欢迎，并销售出如此多的唱片。Step 1Choose the best answers according to the text.1The following statements are right EXCEPT that _.Ain the late part of the 19th century, black musicians used folk songs to create a kind of music called the bluesBmodern pop music has its roots in the folk songs of black Americans CLouis Armstrong was one of the fathers of blues Djazz sprung up from the blues2All of the following information about Louis Armstrong is right EXCEPT that _.Ahe was a black trumpet playerBhe was a black singerChe liked to change the music as he was playing it to reflect his feelings at the timeDhe disliked blues so he created jazz3Rock and roll became popular _.Afrom the early 1930sBduring the early 1950sCin the 1920sDin the 1960s4According to the text, we know that _.ABig Joe Turner was one of the first rock and roll musiciansBLouis Armstrong played rock and roll better than Big Joe TurnerCBill Haley was once thought of the best singer in the worldDall the best music in America was created by the black people5Which statement about the Beatles is WRONG according to the text?AThe Beatles was the supreme rock and roll band of the 1960s.BThe Beatles brought Western pop music to audiences around the world.CThe Beatles once held a concert at Shea Stadium in New York.DThe Beatles only had women singers.答案：15CDBADStep 2Fill in each blank with only one word according to the text.From the blues to popEarly jazzOriginComing from the blues, the folk songs of Americans black 1.slavesOne of the fathersLouis Armstrong, 2.different from most musicians, could change the music he was playing to reflect his feelings at the time.CharacteristicsIt is faster and livelier.The player has the ability to 3.adapt the music while playing it.From R & B to rock and rollWith traditional jazz 4.declining gradually, R & B took its place.R & B 5.combined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz with the older blues sound.Rock and roll became popular during the early 1950s.Big Joe TurnerAfter 6.turning to R & B from jazz, he recorded Shake, RattleandRoll. Bill Haley and the CometsThe band recorded RockAroundtheClock, which became the number one hit, 7.making rock music popular around the world.Sam PhilipsTo bring rock music to white audiences, he had to use white singers, thus making Elvis Presley “the King of Rock and Roll”Pop music in the 1960sThe BeatlesBeing the 8.supreme rock and roll band of the 1960s.Making pop music popular around the world.Wherever the Beatles went, there being a 9.phenomenon called “Beatlemania” 10.Breaking up in 1970.一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.rootn起源，起因；根，根茎2.formatn. 形式；格式；版式3.libertyn. 自由4.declinen. 衰落，衰败；下降；减少vt.&vi. 衰落；下降；婉言谢绝5.trendn. 趋势；动向6.bandn. 乐队；一伙人；带子；条纹7.seekvt.&vi. 试图，设法；寻求；寻找8.screamvi. 尖叫，高声喊；呼啸n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音.拓展词汇1.slaveryn奴隶身份；奴隶制slave n奴隶slaver n奴隶贩子2.tendencyn倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向tend v倾向；趋向3.gradualadj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地4.prejudicen偏见，成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见prejudiced adj.有偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的；偏心的5.discriminationn歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力discriminate v辨别，区分；歧视discriminating adj.有辨别力的；有识别力的；有鉴赏力的1.format n形式；格式；版式记法form (形状)at以形式格式词块file format 文件格式adopt different formats 采用不同的版式2.gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的记法grad (步)ual(形容词后缀)逐步的，渐渐的词块a gradual charge in climate气候的逐渐变化近义slow adj.慢慢的反义sudden adj. 突然的3.decline n衰败，衰落；下降；减少vt.&vi.衰落；下降；婉言谢绝记法de(向下)cline (倾斜)向下倾斜下降词块decline an invitation to dinner 谢绝宴请近义decrease v下降refuse v拒绝反义increase v增加4.trend n趋势；动向词块the latest trend in fashion 服装界最新的潮流近义tendency n趋势current n潮流5.prejudice n偏见，成见vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见记法pre(先)judice (判断)事前的判断偏见词块racial prejudice 种族偏见近义discrimination n. 歧视二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.spring up突然兴起，迅速出现2break up 破裂；破碎；结束；散开；解散3dance to 伴随而跳舞4go crazy 变得疯狂，发疯5turn out 结果是，证明是6bring back 带回7combine . with 把与结合8turn to 转向，求助于9be recognized as . 被认为是10lead to 导致1.take a brief look at简要地回顾2have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的趋势3at the/that time 当时4the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力5go into a gradual decline 渐渐走向没落6a new musical trend 一种新的音乐趋势7become a hit 轰动一时8on the radio 通过收音机9hold a concert 举行音乐会10come close to 接近三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.While the blues was popular, as a musical format it lacked variety and was too sad .尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎，但作为一种音乐形式，它缺少变化，而且太伤感while意为“尽管”，作从属连词，引导让步状语从句。While such a drug has not been developed, ongoing research suggests it is possible to do so.尽管这种药还没有研发出来，目前的研究表明这是可能的。2.Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called Beatlemania thousands of fans would surround them .无论“披头士”乐队到哪里，都会出现一种“披头士狂”现象成千上万的歌迷围住他们wherever意为“无论在/到什么地方”，引导让步状语从句。Wherever_his_mother_goes,_the child holds her hand.无论妈妈去哪儿，这孩子总牵着她的手。3. and it seems that every few years there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles.而且似乎每过几年就会有一个新的男孩乐队出现，试图重现“披头士”乐队的魅力。it seems that . 意为“似乎，好像”，that引导表语从句。It_seems_that the sky will clear up, and it promises to be a fine day tomorrow.天空似乎马上要放晴了，预示着明天是个好天气。1(教材P30)During the late part of the 19th century, black musicians used these folk songs to create a kind of music called the blues, because it had a tendency to be very sad.在19世纪晚期，黑人音乐家们根据这些民歌创造了一种被称作蓝调音乐(又译布鲁斯)的音乐形式，因为这种音乐有忧伤的趋势。tendency n倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向(1)a tendency to/towards . 倾向于have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事(2)tend vi.&vt. 倾向；趋向；照料，护理tend to/towards sth. 倾向；趋于；趋向tend to do sth. 往往会/常常会/趋向于做某事tend (to) sb./sth. 照料/护理某人/某物Jacks tendency to be merciful made him popular with his coworkers.杰克仁慈的性格使他在同事中很受欢迎。She has a strong natural tendency to/towards caution.她天生小心谨慎。She tends to_get (get) angry when others disagree with her.别人不同意她的看法时，她往往会生气。The girls were standing at the gate and tending to customers with smiles.姑娘们站在门口，笑迎顾客。2(教材P30)Thus, from the blues, there sprung up a faster, livelier kind of music called jazz.于是，从蓝调音乐中发展出一种节奏更轻快、更活泼的音乐形式，叫作爵士乐。spring up突然兴起；迅速出现；跳起Fast food restaurants are springing up all over the town.快餐店突然在全城兴起了。Doubts sprang up in his mind.他心中开始产生怀疑。spring to life/into action突然活跃起来spring to mind 立刻出现在脑海中spring from 来自于，出身于The town springs_to_life during the carnival.狂欢节期间全城突然活跃起来。The idea for the novel sprang from a trip to India.写这部小说的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。3(教材P30)From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a gradual decline, and was replaced by a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues, or R&B.从20世纪30年代初期到20世纪50年代初期，传统的爵士乐渐渐走向没落，被一种叫作节奏蓝调(节奏布鲁斯摇摆乐)或R & B的新音乐趋势所取代。decline n衰落，衰败；减少；下降vi.& vt.衰落；下降；婉言谢绝在减退，在削减decline in sth. 在方面下降(2)decline to do sth. 拒绝/谢绝做某事The latest communication from the market shows the sales of their company is in decline/on the decline.最新的市场信息表明他们公司的销量正在下滑。The star declined to_discuss (discuss) his plans with the newspaper reporters. 这位影星谢绝与新闻记者讨论他的计划。Her health has_been_declining (decline) progressively for several months.几个月以来她的健康状况一直在恶化。The company reported a small decline in its profits.公司报告其利润略有减少。trend n趋势，动向，倾向a trend towards方面的趋势/动向/潮流/风气set/start a new trend of . 开创的新潮流/风气Many elderly people are not familiar with the trend of modern lifestyle now.现在许多上了年纪的人对现代生活方式的潮流不熟悉。But recently, we have seen a gradual trend towards healthier food.但是近来我们注意到，人们逐渐倾向于更健康的食物。The film Rambo started/set a new trend of violent action movies.电影第一滴血开创了暴力动作影片的新潮流。4(教材P31)In the early 1950s, a record company owner from Memphis, Tennessee, Sam Philips, sought to bring rock music to white audiences.在20世纪50年代早期，一位来自田纳西州孟菲斯城的唱片公司老板萨姆菲利普斯试图将摇滚乐带给白人观众。seek vt.& vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求seek ones fortune寻找发财机会；外出闯荡seek sth.from sb. 向某人征求/寻求某物seek to do sth. 设法/试图做某事seek out 搜寻出；找出；挑出；努力寻找seek after 追求；寻找seek for 找寻；寻求Many young people went to seek their fortune abroad.许多年轻人去国外寻找发财的机会。Russia is seeking to_slow (slow) the growth of its inflation.俄罗斯政府正力图遏制本国的通货膨胀。They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter.他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。You should seek advice from your parents on this problem.关于这个问题你应该征求你父母的建议。5(教材P31)However, even though the Beatles broke up in 1970, no group since has ever come close to being as popular or selling as many records.但是，尽管“披头士”乐队在1970年就解散了，但从那以后没有一个乐队能够望其项背，如此受欢迎，并销售出如此多的唱片。break up破裂，解散；破碎；分解；结束；分手I want to plant more bushes to break up the garden a bit.我想多种些矮树丛把花园稍微分隔成几部分。What time is the meeting expected to break_up?会议预计在几点钟结束？break down出故障，坏掉；垮掉break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)break into 强行闯入；突然起来break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生break away from 脱离；逃离break off 中断；折断；突然停止break through 突破；克服Dad would occasionally break_in with a suggestion.爸爸偶尔会插话，提出建议。I was encouraged to break_away_from old forms and rules.大家鼓励我破除旧形式和旧框框。If Tim carries on working like this, hell break_down sooner or later.如果蒂姆继续这样工作，身体迟早会垮掉。1Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called Beatlemania thousands of fans would surround them, screaming and going crazy trying to see them.无论“披头士”乐队到哪里，都会出现一种“披头士狂”现象成千上万的歌迷围住他们，尖叫着，疯狂地想见他们一面。(1)wherever用作连词，表示“无论在/到什么地方”，相当于no matter where。wherever the Beatles went在此句中是让步状语从句，相当于no matter where the Beatles went。Wherever you go, keep in touch with me, please. 无论你去哪里，请与我保持联络。(2)whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时，可以与“no matter疑问词”互换，“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不可引导名词性从句。Its wrong to give children whatever_they_want.孩子们要什么就给什么是错误的。(此处不能用no matter what代替whatever)You can turn to the peoples police for help, no_matter_what/whatever kind of trouble you are in.无论遇到什么困难，你都可以求助于人民警察。Whenever ( No_matter_when) you come, you will be warmly welcomed.无论什么时候来，你都会受到热烈欢迎。2Nowadays, concerts held in sports stadiums are common, and it seems that every few years there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles.如今，在体育馆中举办音乐会已经很平常，而且似乎每过几年就会有一个新的男孩乐队出现，试图重现“披头士”乐队的魅力。It seems that .为固定句型，意为“似乎，好像”，相当于Sb./Sth. seems to .。It seems that victory is just a stones throw.Victory seems to be just a stones throw.看来成功只有一步之遥了。It seemed that his opinion was more practical. His opinion seemed_to_be more practical.看起来他的意见更实际一些。.单句语法填空1To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.2We struggled so much to seek for help, but we never lost hope.3Sorry, Im late, for my bike broke down on the half way.4It seems that he is afraid to tell his parents the failure in the exams.5Today there is a trend towards less formal clothing.6Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency (tend) that they prefer.7He declined to_go (go) to the cinema with me, saying that he was busy going over his lessons.8With the development of the central and western China, more and more cities have sprung up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.完成句子1我们外出度假期间，窃贼破门而入，偷走了价值900英镑的计算机设备。Burglars broke_in and stole computer equipment worth 900 while we were away on holiday.2食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。Eating too much sugar can lead_to_health_problems.3他好像