外文翻译---沥青路面的病害与维护.docx

附录一 中文文献沥青路面的病害与维护1、沥青路面早期病害的表现特征和成因高速公路沥青路面早期病害主要表现特征：局部沉降、纵横向裂缝、车辙、坑槽、面层松散、功能性破坏。这六种病害形成主要是下面四个成因：1.1 沥青混凝土的水稳性从设计到施工未能得到有效控制。水在路面中表现形式：空隙水、层间水、深层渗水。水对路面的损害： a.高温动水压力对沥青有剥离作用造成路面松散；b.层间水使沥青路面各层分开改变路面的受力状况，路面在动荷载的作用下弯拉应力成几何级数的增加；c.水的冲刷破坏路面材料结构；d.渗水是路基不均匀沉降的主要原因。1.2 沥青混凝土的热稳性受多种因素的影响。主要是a.油石比；b.级配；c.摊铺的均匀性。特别应注意的是粉料不宜太多，粉胶比（矿粉比沥青）宜控制在1.01.2之间。1.3 路基、路面强度达不到设计要求。造成这种现象主要是因为在施工中质量控制不严格，一些小问题并未得到妥善的处理。1.4 初期养护不及时、不到位。2、早期病害专项治理和日常维修界限划分2.1 沥青路面早期病害专项治理范围的认定： 病害分为形成、发展和破坏三个阶段，后两个阶段的病害应列入专项治理； 病害确定的依据：以表观特征初步确定范围，以沉降值、弯沉、平整度核定病害程度；钻孔取芯分析病害层次和处理深度，并确定专项治理方案； 范围： a.沉降病害的处理路段：调坡长度不小于30m、10m内落差大于3cm、存在明显跳车感地段；b.其他病害，处理长度为：病害长度不小于10m的过渡段，在100m范围修补量超15、每公里范围内修补面积超过30，且分散的路段，应整段修复；c.处理宽度：可考虑一个车道、14幅、12幅三种形式；d.处理层次：坏到什么层次，处理到什么层次。2.2 沥青路面维修以预防为主，出现下列状况要列入预防性维修： 局部露出跑砂点，面积在10m2以内，由于沥青剥离，细集料跑出，表面呈蜂窝状。 局部沉降点，纵横方向1m范围内沉降超过2cm、行车出现明显跳动。 唧浆点，路面龟裂、网裂，水渗透到基层，出现基层冲刷唧浆。 路面出现推移、拥包、车辙点，由于路面的水稳性和热稳性差，导致路面上面层出现局部纵向推移形成搓板、横向推移出现车辙。推移、拥包或车辙长度在10m范围内的点。 横向缝、纵向缝，柔、刚结合部（如桥头搭板接头）等处裂缝出现错台，错台高差大于5mm的点。3、路面维修作业类别3.1 涂胶防水：路面出现网裂，没有明显变形，也未出现唧浆，拟采用修补胶薄薄涂一层，防止水的渗透。3.2 裂缝灌热沥青，防止水的渗漏：路面出现裂缝但未出现明显错台（在5mm以内），也无啃边现象，可采用灌热沥青的办法作防水处理。3.3 热烘、掺料、补强：经过考证属沥青面层上面层的病害，如龟裂、蜂窝12cm以内车辙等路面变形不严重的点，可采用修路王热烘，适当添加新料，人工搅拌均匀，压实补强。考试大3.4 挖补分层填筑：路面病害已经波及到中下面层，乃至基层，必须挖除，分层填筑。4、沥青路面修补作业操作要领4.1 热沥青灌缝修补工艺。清缝（用吹风机和铁钩清除缝中杂物）以加温到130以上热沥青（有良好的流动性）用灌缝机依次缓慢向缝中灌注，直到饱满为止待沥青冷却但在可塑状态时（约60左右），用铁铲铲除表面多余沥青，以防污染路面。4.2 沥青路面上面层热补操作工艺流程。划定修补范围热烘有病害路面使温度达到100以上（表面铁铲能铲动）用铁耙将有病害路面表面耙松并铲除表面大集料添加新料梳拌均匀碾压密实冷却到地表温度在50以下、脚踩不软时放行交通。4.3 挖补工艺流程。划定维修范围沿范围四周锯缝凿除病害层清除废料高压吹风机将修补界面吹净洒粘层油布满界面分层填筑（厚度不大于6cm）分层压实，压实度要在95以上用冷补胶涂四周接缝以防水冷却到50以下时放行。5、沥青路面维修技术要求5.1 维修范围确定： 表观确定的病害面积四周扩大1015cm. 用3m直尺检查大于5mm的点应在修补范围内。 范围四周线要横平竖直，与标线成垂直和平行状。5.2 修补床面要干净、无杂物和浮灰、无松动的集料，床底无龟裂和唧泥、渗水现象。出现潮湿床面时要烘干才能进行下道工序。5.3 病害修补中的防水措施： 四周接缝要布满粘层油但不流动。 多层次修补要形成台阶，台阶宽度大于10cm. 四周接缝面层涂冷补胶。 四周接缝填料略高一点，加大震压遍数，提高四周填料的密度。 修补表面不出现集料离析现象。5.4 修补平整度的控制： 分层填筑时中下面层厚度可以适当调整，上面层宜在4cm厚，松铺系数1.161.2. 有病害处两个坑塘相距不足1m时，上面层连通形成一个修补面。 四周接口纵横向3m直尺检查要小于5mm才能保证接口平顺。 用较细的集料填边，先压边逐次向中间推进。 压实度是保证平整度的先决条件，补料温度不得低于120，修补时开口面积要保证每层压实机具都能下去正常工作，采用夯锤、夯板、小型压路机联合作业，碾压56遍，确保每层的压实度。6、沥青路面病害维修质量的检测6.1 修补平整度用3m直尺在修补结束后进行检查，平整度不大于5mm. 6.2 修补压实度。每10天抽查一次，用核子密实度仪等快速法测定当旬修补面积的1520，修补压实度不小于95。6.3 返修率，每季检查一次，每年度作一次综合评价：返修率不得超过5。7、路面评价指标的探讨路面评价笔者认为应从以下四个方面着手(1) 路面强度弯沉检测，超出设计允许值10的要引起重视，超过2030的路面就有破坏征象。(2) 车辙深度检测：车辙深度在0.8cm以下的对行车不会造成不舒适，在0.81.0cm之间的为形成阶段；1.02.0cm的为病害发展阶段；2.0cm以上的为破坏阶段。(3) 抗滑性能检测：摩擦系数 55，构造深度 45时，有可能危及行车安全。(5) 路面病害面积占车道面积的百分率调查：当大于20时，路面美观程度和行车舒适程度将严重下降。以上四个指标目前缺乏定量的系统分析，我们将在以后的工作中收集有关资料，建立科学的路面养护监控系统。附录二： 英文文献the disease and maintenance of asphalt pavement1.asphalt pavement performance characteristics and the early disease.highway asphalt pavement main features: the disease early settlement, the vertical and horizontal cracks locally, rutting, pit slot, facing the loose, functional damage. the six major disease is the following four causes:1.1 asphalt concrete water stability from design to construction failed to effectively control. water in the pavement performance forms: gap between layers of water, water, deep water. water automobi damage:a. high temperature, the hydrodynamic pressure on asphalt pavement is caused by stripping effect; loose,b. asphalt pavement layer water layers separated, the change in the dynamic load surface under the flexural stress into geometric increase,c. water erosion damage road structure,d. water seepage is uneven settlement of roadbed.1.2 the thermal stability of asphalt concrete is influenced by many factors. major is a). oil-stone ratio, b). gradation, c) .the uniformity of paving. special attention is powder shoulds not be too much, powder (mineral) should be controlled in asphalt than 1.0 1.2.1.3 subgrade pavement design demand.these strength. this phenomenon mainly because in construction quality control, a few problems are not properly handling.1.4 initial maintenance.2. early disease management and daily maintenance boundaries2.1 asphalt pavement early disease management scope of:(1) the formation, development and disease is divided into three stages, after the destruction of the two stages of disease should be included in the special treatment,(2) the basis to determine the disease apparent feature: to determine the initial sedimentation value and deflection, flatness, verification diseases, drilling core analysis hierarchy and depth, disease and special control scheme,(3) scope:a. settlement diseases sections: slope length less than 30, more than 3cm, fall within the 10m jumping exists obvious sense location,b. other diseases, the length of treatment for the disease length less than 10m: the scope of 100m in transition section, the amount exceeds 15%, repair per kilometer range covers more than 30%, and repair the road shall be scattered; the period of repair,c. can consider to handle a lane width, 1/4 and 1 1/2 of three kinds of forms,d. processing level: what bad, processing to what level.2.2 asphalt pavement maintenance prevention, to include in the following preventive maintenance:(1) local show ran sand, 10 square meters within the area in asphalt, because, fine aggregate ran out of a honeycomb, surface.(2) points, and vertical and horizontal direction of local settlement 1-m scope, more than 2cm subsidence appears obvious.(3) its pulp, pavement (chap, nets, water permeate, grass-roots flushing piping grass-roots slurry.(4) pavement, rutting, hold, because the water stability and thermal stability, cause local road top layer of longitudinal and transverse goes on cuoban formation appeared rut. hold on, bag or rut length in 10m within the scope of the point.(5)horizontal seam, longitudinal seam 5, soft, just taking (such as bridge by plate joint) and cracks, fault fault than 5mm point machine elevation.3.pavement maintenance operations3.1 gelatinize waterproof: pavement nets, without apparent deformation, also did not appear piping, is used to repair glue, thin scumble to prevent water penetration.3.2 cracks, prevent heat asphalt filling water leakage crack: but not visible in the wrong (5mm), also can be used to eating and heat asphalt way for irrigation water treatment.3.3 hot baked, admixtures and textual research of asphalt layer after layer of diseases, such as above chap, honeycomb 1 2cm within such pavement deformation no serious rut, can use the king, proper baking hot road, adding new artificial vege, compaction. exam big3.4 dig layered rock: pavement surface, has brought it to lower levels, and disadvantage, layered rock must be.4.asphalt pavement repair operations4.1 hot filling seam repairing process of asphalt. qing seam (with blower and hook cleared the slot with heat and sundry) to 130 degrees celsius above heat asphalt (good) in order to slow filling machine, until full slit, so for asphalt cooling but in plastic state (60 degrees celsius), with the spade, in case of asphalt surface of eradicating excess pollution.4.2 asphalt surface rebu operation process. repair and hot baked delimit limits have disease that temperature reached 100 degrees road surface above (dynamic), can the spade spade in tieba will harrow loose and road surface diseases and eradicate surface add new material feeding county, comb. mix well and was expounded and cooling to surface temperature at 50 c and under foot not soft release traffic.4.3 dig process. the scope of maintenance, delimit limits round sawing seam, except disease layer and cut waste removal, high-pressure blower blew clean and repair interface will sprinkle with adhesive layer of oil layer thickness and filling the interface (less than) - 6cm stratified compaction, compaction degree in 95% with cold, with waterproof glue tu around juncture, cooling to 50 c below.5.asphalt pavement maintenance and technical requirements5.1 maintenance scope:(1) the apparent determine around 10-15cm area expanded.(2) use 3m straightedge check point should be greater than 5mm in repairing range.(3) scope to the flat vertical line around, and hangzhuang peace into vertical lines.5.2 to clean the surface of bed repair, without sundry and float ash, no looseness of aggregate, bed is cracked mud and water piping and phenomenon. appear when the surface of bed to dry wet to next procedure.5.3 the repairing waterproof measure:(1) to stick around juncture is oily, but not flow.(2) steps, to form a multi-level repair 10cm wider than steps.(3) joint surface besmear cold around.(4) around seam filling a shock, increase the number of times, increase pressure of packing density around.(5) dont appear repair surface aggregate segregation phenomenon.5.4.repair flatness control: (1)when filling the lower surface layer thickness can be adjusted, it should be in the thick layer 4cm, loose spread coefficient 116 120.(2) kengtang apart two sick harm, insufficient 1-m above layer connected to form a repair.(3) to interface around 3m straightedge check to ensure smooth than 5mm to interface.(4) with fine aggregate, first in advance to the middle pressure successive.(5) degree of compaction degree is the precondition for and shall not be less than 120 degrees celsius temperature, repair to ensure open area of each layer of compaction machine can continue normal work, using rammer, ram plate, small roller compaction joint work, 5 6 times, ensuring that each layer of the compaction degree.6.the quality of the asphalt pavement maintenance. diseases6.1 repair flatness use 3m straightedge after repair in check, roughness is not more than 5mm. 6.2 repair co