初中英语专项练习：语法专练之简单句的句子成分及基本句型.doc

语法专练之简单句的句子成分及基本句型 英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句的子含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道。的英语组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如： The car is running fast.(名词)We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) Its bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：He works in a factory.(实义动词)I felt cold.(系动词表语)How can I get to the station？(情态动词实义动词)Do you speak English？(助动词实义动词)They are working in a field.(助动词实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you？(间宾直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾间宾)有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：Do you mind my opening the window？ 有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如： Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下 原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。) The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：What a beautiful kite it is！(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。 5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：Thank you very much.(副词)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如： He is old enough to go to school. 6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：We elected him monitor.(名词)I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词) They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词) 简单句的五种基本句型1. S+V 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如: He laughed.John has read widely.He lives in London.2. S+V+O 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如:Our team beat all the others.3. S+V+P 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如:The rose smells sweet.4. S+V+INO+DO 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等。如:Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua?5. S+V+O+OC此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如:We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor.【注】S=Subject(主语); V=Verb(谓语动词);P=Predicative(表语); O=Object(宾语);INO=Indirect Object(间接宾语);DO=Direct Object(直接宾语);OC=Object Complement(宾语补足语) 简单句句子翻译专练：1 Beth非常擅长游泳。 Beth_ _ _ _ _.2 这个箱子装满书。 The box _ _ _ books. The box _ _ _ books/3 我妈妈因为我的错误很生气。 My mother _ _ _ _ _ because _ _ _.4 这个小孩怕狗。 _.5 你能递给我一些盐吗？ Could you _ _ _ _ me? 6 我们为你的进步而自豪。 We _ _ _ you for your great progress.7 这部电影让我对科学发生了兴趣。 The movie _ _ _ _ science.8 他们都对对这个令人兴奋的消息感到兴奋。 They _ _ _ _ the _ news.9 下次不要再上学迟到了。 _ _ _ _ school again.10 我们应该对那些动物友好些。 We should _ the animals.11 你们认为他聪明吗？ Do you think _ _, Do you think _ _ _.12 人们应该被阻止砍伐太多的树木。 People should _ _ _ _ too _ trees.13 Bob总是花很多时间玩电脑游戏吗？ _ Bob always spend _ _ _ _ computer games?14 你需要有人帮你搬运货物吗？ Do you need anyone _ the goods?15 昨天晚上，他妈妈直到十点才回到家。 His mother _ _ home until 10 oclock last night.16 秋天的天气不冷也不热。 Its _ cold _ hot in autume.17 你最好脱掉你的外套。 You had better _.18 她不仅会说英语，还会说汉语。 She can _ English, _ Chinese.19 今天的报纸上有什么重要内容吗？ Is there _ _ in todays newspaper?20 这座山没有你想象的那么危险。 The mountain is _ _ than you think.21 这位外国朋友来中国已经半年了。 The foreign friend has _ _ China _ _ a year.22 安静点，小孩在睡觉。 _ _ , the baby _ _ .23 昨晚的雨似乎下得很大。 The rain seemed very _ last night . It seemed _ _ _ _ last night. 24 Miss Yang教我英语。 Miss Yang _ _ _.25多漂亮的一块手表啊！ What _ _ _ it is! _ _ the watch is!26多好的天气呀！ What _ _ _ it is ! What _ _ it is!27 我很高兴又在这儿见到你。 Im very _ _ _ you here _ .28 他们最终以唱英语歌结束了这个班会。 They _ _ _ an English song at the class meeting.29 不要担心我。 _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ .30 Kitty以前学习不认真，但她现在变得越来越认真了。 Kitty didnt _ _ study _ , but she becomes _ _ _ _ now. Answers:1 is,very,good,at.swimming; 2 is,full,of; is, filled,with; 3 is,very,angry,with,me,of,my , Mistake(s); 4 The child is afraid of dogs. 5 pass,some,salt,to; 6 are,proud,of; 7 make,me,interested,in; 8 are,all,excited,about,exciting; 9 Dont,be,late,for; 10 be,friendly,to; 11 him,clever; he,is,clever; 12 be ,stopped,from,cutting,many; 13 Does,too,much,time,playing; 14 to,help,you,(to)carry; 15 didnt,return; 16 neither,nor; 17 take off your coat; 18 speak not only; but also; 19 anything, important; 20 less,dangerous; 21 been,in,for,half; 22 Be,quiet,is,sleeping; 23 heavy;to,rain,very, heavily; 24 teaches,me,English; 25 a,nice,watch; How, nice ; 26 a,fine,day; fine,weather 27 glad,to,see,again; 28 ended,up,singing; 29 Dont, worry,about,me; Dont,be,worred,about, Me; 30 use,to,carefully; more,and,more,careful; 选择填空1. _my mother _ my sister watches TV plays these days. A. Either, nor B. Both, and C. Neither, or D. Neither, nor2.-Which would you like, rice or noodles?-_is OK. Im hungry.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All 3. We found _ necessary to protect the environment. A. it B. this C. that D. what4 .- May I use your pen? Mine is broken. - Of course, here are two and you can use _ of them. A. both B. every C. any D. either5. This match made them _at last. A. friendly B. happily C. quickly D. slowly 6. No one except Jack and Tom _ the meeting. A. are late B. were late for C. was late for D. is late7.-How much _this pair of trousers?- Ten dollars _ enough. A. are, is B. is, are C. are, are D. is, is8. Every table and every chair _ made of wood. A. is B. are C. were D. be9. Did it snow _ last night ?A. heavy B. heavily C Quick D. fast10._ cold it is today！A. How B. How a C. What D. What a11You must keep your eyes _.A. closed B. close C. be closed D. to closed12.Lets go out for a walk, _ ?A. wont you B. dont we C. why not D. shall we13._ will your sister be back ? In about two hours.A. How b. How often C. How long D. How soon14.Now you get _ , go out and try your luck.A. dressing B. dressed C. dress C. dresses15.-I hear that youre going back to Australia. I hope youll return one day.-_. I hope to return when Im older.A. I do so B. so I C. I so do D. So do I16.The Greens _ working in the garden now.A. am B. is C. are D. were17.Please show _ new picture book.A. he your B. his you C. him your D. him you18._ will you stay there?A. How long B. What time C. How often D. When19. Lin Tao cant be at home. I saw him _here a few minutes ago. A. plays B. to play C. playing D. played20. Wed better _on the road. A car may hit us. A. not to play B. not play C. to not play D. dont play21. Please dont forget _to me, will you? A. to write B. writing C. write D. writes22.The soldier ran into the room _the baby. A. saving B. to save C. saves D. saved23. Look! Lily with her sister _ a kite on the playground. A. is flying B.are flying C.flying D. fly24.Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. is B. was C. are D. were25.There _ some milk and some bananas on the table. A. is B. are C. have D. has26.A number of sheep _ seen by us when we passed the field. A. is B. are C. was D. were27. He has never visited the Great Hall of the people, _? A. hasnt he B. has he C. does D. doesnt he28. She thinks she can get there on time, _ she? A. can B. doesnt C. cant D. does29. _ wonderful music it is! I like it very much. A. What B. How a C. What a D. How30. _ picture books in class, please. A. Not read B. No read C. Not reading D. Dont readAnswers:1-5.D A A D A 6-10C D A B A 11-15A D D B D 1620C C A C B 21-25A B A B A 26-30D B C A D句型转换常用句型转换题1. Every day, Yao Ming receives emails from thousands of basketball fans.Every day, Yao Ming _ _ thousands of basketball fans.2. They will get to London in four days. They will _ _ London in four days.3. The runner couldnt catch up with the others in the race. The runner _ _ the others in the race.4. Tom borrowed a picture book from the boy just now.The boy _ a picture book _ Tom just now.5. You must clean your classroom every day.Your classroom must _ _ every day.6. He can finish the work easily._ _ _ for him _ finish the work.7. How old are you?_ your _?8. He hasnt been to France. She hasnt been to France, either._ he _ she _ been to France.9. Mrs Smith is not only my teacher but also my good friend. Mrs Smith is my good friend _ _ _ my teacher.10. How clever the man is!_ _ clever man he is!11. The snow was heavy last night.It _ _ last night.12. The foreigners have visited the Great Wall. The foreigners have _ _ _ _ _ the Great Wall.13. She spent 30 dollars on the English-Chinese dictionary.The English-Chinese dictionary _ _ 30 dollars.14. I hope th