《外国语文导论》PPT课件.ppt

外国语文导论 课程总揽 INTRODUCTION 课程性质：外国语学院本科一年级类级 平台课（英、日、俄、法） 课程目的：专业教育与学习方法 课程特点：趣味性、知识性，点面结合 授课方式：系列讲座（汉语） 涉及内容：语言、文学、文化、翻译 拟用考试方法：课程论文（2000字）与 课堂考试 参考阅读书目： 1、沈 阳 编著, 语言学常识十五讲北京 大学出版社，2005年。 2、徐葆耕 著，西方文学十五讲北京 大学出版社，2003年。 3、陈乐民 著，欧洲文明十五讲北京 大学出版社，2004年。 4、袁 明 主编，美国文化十五讲北京 大学出版社，2005年。 主讲教师 指定的其他参考阅读书目 学习的目的： 兴趣爱好，今后的发展， 好的工作 Why do we choose to learn English, French, Japanese or Russian and take it as our major ? Globalization, Information Age, IT, Interpersonal Communication, Self-cultivation, Jobs. 人类独有的特性语言 研究语言的科学语言学 语言的物质载体语音 语言的书写符号文字 语言的建筑材料语汇 语言的结构规则语法 语言的表达内容语义 语言的运用特点语用 语言的发展和变化 语言的获得和学习 语言与思维活动 语言与文学 语言与民族文化 语言与科学技术 语言与创新思维 Language learning and acquisition: Knowledge enrichment and language acquisitionthe ability to use the language. 语言学习：知识的获取/语言的能力 Input and output: 输入与输出的关系 listening and reading; speaking and writing. 听、说、读、写、译 Acquisitionthe ability to use the language, a more effective way of learning; 语言能力的培 养 Learning English as a knowledge: grammar, vocabulary, phrases and usages; 语言作为知识 来掌握 Acquiring English as a comprehensive and practical skill: speaking, writing, communication and cultural background. 语言 作为综合 知识和实际能力 Features of modern approaches to language-learning:学习语言的特质 -Renewed interest in learning;兴趣培养 -Use, not just study; 学习与使用 -Interaction; 互动 -Fluency as well as accuracy;流利/准确 -Relevant;相关知识 -Discourse. 论说能力 Skills integration: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing; 听、说、读、写 四个技能的关联 Learning without thinking is Blind, and thinking without learning is Deaf ( 学而不思侧盲，思而不学侧聋). Unwise man reasons with and persuades himself with other peoples words; while wise man reasons with and persuades himself with his own words. 语言-思考-自我发现-自我完善 “It is what goes wrong that brings out our best. It is the risk that makes the story worth telling.” We should make our stories worth listening to. 学习过程与学习结果 Writing needs more attention in language learning; 动手能力、思维能力 The receptive skills: Listening and Reading The productive skills: Speaking and Writing 接受与表达 Unwise man reasons with and persuades himself with other peoples words; while wise man reasons with and persuades himself with his own words. 语言-思考-自我发现-自我完善 “It is what goes wrong that brings out our best. It is the risk that makes the story worth telling.” We should make our stories worth listening to. 学习过程与学习结果 Spiders weave their webs of their own lives, and we, human beings, weave in language the meaning of our own lives. An acceptable writing is a bold, clear, and well-developed argument presented in a unified, cohesive, and organized form. THINKING GLOBALY ACTING LOCALLY READING CRITICALLY WRITING CREATIVELY WORKING ACTIVELY 措施与对策 1、夯实基础，盘活“知识存量”； 2、注重学习与实践的过程； 3、加强课堂学习，激发学习激情； 4、注重参与过程; 5、加强综合水平训练； 6、强化学习与实践环境； 7、增强创新思维运动，转化知识为智慧。 接受什么样的教育，怎样来接受这样的教接受什么样的教育，怎样来接受这样的教 育？育？ 教育是一个从文化到心理的过程；教育是一个从文化到心理的过程； 教育是价值引导教育是价值引导自主构建；自主构建； 教育是一种武装、钥匙开启世界；教育是一种武装、钥匙开启世界； 教育是教师的视界与学生的视界寻求融合教育是教师的视界与学生的视界寻求融合 的过程；的过程； 什么是教育？ -认知，经验的分享，激活、丰富和提升思 想。 -经验，经验是智慧的过程： 知识信息、切入、经验 智慧。 -教育中要解决知识与经验的矛盾。 创新思维： 自己思考问题的能力，不能仅仅把教师作为自己 知识的来源。 博大与精深，有限于无限，局部与整体 如何有效表达自我：语言，形体， 沟通。每一个人的发展取决于自我和其主动性， 能动性和积极性。 人的主动性、能动性、积极性； 创新教育：亲历探求的过程探求 的知识，探求的方法； 变被动接受为共建参与； 变知道为知识，变知识为智慧； 个体与团队、与社会的关系； 价值的体现与责任的承担。 对科学精神的培养：对科学精神的培养： 鼓励多元的思考，鼓励多元的思考， 强调实践的检验，强调实践的检验， 倡导平等、自由的争论，倡导平等、自由的争论， 注重宽容的激励。注重宽容的激励。 语言能力是外语教与学的 最终关怀 语言能力不只是记忆的能力，也 不仅仅是知识的获得，真正的外 语习得应该是一种新的语言习惯 的建立。 Joseph Conrad: “Literature is more nearer to the truth.” （文学更贴近真 实） Objective or Subjective; The Art of Reading the Novel; “To read without plan is to live chaotically, or at least carelessly”; Criticism as “the souls adventure among master pieces”; Literature makes its appeal to the imagination; Imagination: Life through reading, cf. life through living; “Only by living fully can we fully understand a good book, and only by reading fully, and understanding most of what we read, can we realize all the possibilities that living presents.” Most books of criticism are intended for writers and other critics, not to the average reader. Critics Function: interpretation, not judgment. Tolstoi: “Art is the transmission of emotion.” Experienced reader, or interpreter, or scholar. Capable of experiencing and communicating; Literature contains “criticism of life”; A novel may show us worlds we do not know, but should know. A novel may correct our perspective toward the world with which we are too well acquainted. Imaginative literature must draw on life and mirror it concretely Art is the control of experience: The control of the artist; Over himself; Over the medium selected; Over the reader or observer of the artistic work; Philosophy: philosopher teaches obscurely; Art may interpret reality to men, and men to themselves; poet is popular philosopher; poetry is philosophy teaching by example; “Artists do not choose their subject instead their subject has apparently chosen them.” Art is a “controlled dream”. Criticism is to analyze or judge how and who control/ is controlled? Power of language. A principle joy in art is the rediscovery of ourselves. Novel is the broadest stage for testing of philosophical or ethical id