《英语语音章》PPT课件.pptVIP

Objectives of the Course This course is intended to help the students to improve their English pronunciation, including such elements as 1) the correct pronunciation of individual phonemes and words in English 2) the rhythmic patterns of the English language 3) patterns and functions of English intonation, To communicate more effectively with English pronunciation to help you get familiar with pitch movements of English utterances and the message it conveys; and to help you improve your English pronunciation and intonation. When you can hear English properly you will be able to improve your spoken English. Reading Aloud n“2005中国无锡世界城市服务业大会”开幕式 n专业口译04-06Week1倾听世界的声音谋划无锡新发展.rm n正是在这样的背景下，由中国市长协会、中国国际 贸易促进委员会、无锡市人民政府以及美国服务业 联盟联合主办的2005世界城市服务业大会，今年十 一月在太湖之滨的无锡市举行。 n来自联合国、亚太经合组织、欧洲服务业论坛等国 际机构的高级官员，中国国家有关部委领导、国内 外城市近百位市长，以及国际著名服务业企业代表 近500人出席了会议。 声调汉语的灵魂 汉语区别于其他许多语言： 汉语是公认的声调语言 同音词现象音节相同的词占汉语词汇的21%左右 区分同音词的方式主要靠声调，可区分的同音词占汉语词汇总数的18% n静态统计 n1声约占 20% n2声约占 23% n3声约占 20% n4声约占 35% n轻声约占 5% n现实动态语流统计 n1声约占 20% n2声约占 23% n3声约占 5% n4声约占 35% n轻声约占 20% 变读轻声后词义发生变化 孙子snz（名词）孙子在当时很有名气。 （指战国时一军事家) 孙子snzi（名词）他的孙子都有好几个了。（指儿子的儿子。 ） 兄弟xingd（名词）他们兄弟俩可好多了。 (指哥哥和弟弟。） 兄弟xingdi（名词）他有两个兄弟。（指有两个弟弟。） 报仇bochu（动词）他发誓要报仇雪恨。 报酬bochou（名词）他们主动上街为民服务，不求报酬。 文字wnz（名词）：他是搞文字工作的。 蚊子wnzi（名词）：夏天蚊子可多了。 A Syllable ba NAAAA na (short) (long) (short) Stressed syllables: are long have a pitch change have full vowel sounds. Unstressed syllables: are short often have a reduced vowel sound. Far Farther Phone Photo Listening: Correct stress is important. In words with two or more syllables in English, one of the syllables will receive more stress than the others. Look up these words in the dictionary and you will see a mark indicating stress in front of this syllable. People often have difficulty understanding these words if the stress is wrong because a word is considered mispronounced if the wrong syllable stress is used. Correct stress is, therefore, as important as correct sounds. Words Number of syllables 1. receive( ) 2. dictionary( ) 3.understanding( ) 4.because( ) 5.considered( ) 6.mispronounced( ) 7.correct( ) 8.important( ) Underline the primary stress of each word. 1. blueprint 2. driveway 3. motorboat 4. textbook 5. beefsteak 6. notebook 7. greenhouse 8. forestfire 9. Football 10.paperback 1. receive() 2. dictionary() 3. understand() 4. because() 5. considered() 6. mispronounced() 7. correct() 8. important() 9. timetable() 10. textbook() Decide how many syllables there are in each sentence. Example: They worked all night ( 4 ) 1. They were in the living room.() 2. Did you need a map?() 3. The librarys open from Monday to Friday.() 4. They walked very fast.() 5. All the students worked hard.() 6. Hes going to start a new business.() 7. Gorge came first in the competition.() 8. Did you see our watches?() 9. Dont tell me that hes asleep.() 10.Theyd rented it before we got there.() Listen and repeat 1. HOSpital 2. HANdicap 3. iMAgine 4. CHAllenge 5. exHAUSted 6. comMITment 7. MAnager 8. eMOtional 9. NEWSpaper 10. COMpanies Listen for the stress pattern 1 potatoes _ 2 bananas _ 3 computer_ 4 oranges_ 5 monitor_ 6 customer _ 7 understand_ 8 remember_ 9 another_ 10 devotion _ If vowel durations highly variable: language sounds stress- timed: Languages with vowel reduction: English, Dutch, German If vowel durations similar: language sounds syllable-timed: Languages such as French and Spanish which do not have vowel reduction Pronunciation is important. 发 音 很 重 要 The rhythm of a language is characterized by the timing pattern of successive syllables. In some languages, every syllable is given about the same length, while in others, syllables vary in length. Listen to the dialogue: D:Hello. L:Hello. D:My names David. David White. L:My names Li Ping. D:Are you a student of this university? L:No, Im a teacher. D:Oh, I see. Shall I call you Miss Ping? L:Actually, the family names Li, not Ping. D:Oh yes, they told me that. I just forgot. Miss Li then. Listen to the dialogue: G:Hi, Li Ping. L: Hi, Gloria. Welcome back to Guangzhou. How was everything back home? G:Just fine. My parents are fine and my sister had her wedding last week. L: Oh, how nice. Are your parents coming to see you again soon? G:Well, they dont have any plan yet, but I do hope theyll be able to come. L: Good. Well, Im afraid class will begin soon. Ill have to go now. G:Mm, Im in a hurry too. L: Good to see you. Bye. G:Bye. See you later. Unit 2 English Consonants: Stops /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ Place of articulation Manner of articulation BilabialLabio- Dental Dental Alveolar Palato- alveolar PalatalVelarGlotal Plosive (清) (浊浊) p b t d k Fricative (清) (浊浊) f v s z h Affricate (清) (浊浊) Nasal mn Lateral l Approximant wrj English Consonants Pronunciation Power demo Listening Exercise Sound discrimination n1.patbat n2.pondbond n3.piebuy n4.laplab n5.roperobe n6.rapidrabid n7.napped nabbed n8.staplestable n9.tenden n10. tuckduck n11. kittykiddy n12. writing riding n13. matter madder n14. feetfeed n15. rightride n16. shootshooed n17. camegame n18. cashgash n19. coastghost n20. lacking lagging n21. pickpig n22. duckdug n23. locklog n24. sacking sagging Listening Exercise Sounds for information 1. The speaker wants to have a look at the _. A. cartB. card 2. What was the girl doing? A. Sopping.B. Sobbing. 3. They were talking about _ them. A. stablingB. stapling 4. The man must be fond of _. A. writingB. riding 5. The speaker was looking for the _. A. billsB. pills 6. What did the man do? A. He hit the dog.B. He hid the dog. 7. The boys were _. A. prayingB. playing 8. The new teacher likes his new _. A. classB. glass 9. The girls are going to _. A. do cleaningB. collect things 10. What are they going to do? A. Try it.B. Dry it. Listening Exercise Sounds for information nCan we have a look at your cart, please? nIt was raining so hard that the girl started sopping. nThey were talking about stabling them. nHe spends hours riding every day. nWhere are the bills? I remember putting them on the desk. nDid you say the man hid the dog? nDid the boys enjoy praying? nI can see the new teacher likes his new glass. nHow will the girls clean them? nThey have to try it. Speaking Exercise - sounds for information n1. We can see a lot of peas in the garden. n We can see a lot of bees in the garden. n2. We were not able to get there because of the pricks. n We were not able to get there because of the bricks. n3. Didnt you see the tense crowd in front of the building? n Didnt you see the dense crowd in front of the building? n4. All the rivers bent to the east. n All the rivers bend to the east. n5. Can you tell if it is a good lock? n Can you tell if it is a good log? n6. What are you going to do with your coat? n What are you going to do with your goat? n7. How are we going to praise it? n How are we going to braise it? n8. Dont talk about the creed. n Dont talk about the greed. n9. Are we going to try it? n Are we going to dry it? n10.Who is going to clean all this? n Who is going to glean all this? nSpeaking Exercise sounds in perception and production n1. a. How do you spell “toe“?TOE. n b. How do you spell “dough“?DOUGH. n2. a. Wheres the cart?On the road. n b. Wheres the card?On the table. n3. a. Did you say “They bought the floor?“Yes. They bought it yesterday. n b. Did you say “They board the floor?“Yes. They did it themselves. n4. a. What does “fate“ mean?A power controlling ones life. n b. What does “fade“ mean?To disappear gradually. n5. a. What do you think of the new card?Its beautiful. n b. What do you think of the new guard?Hes smart. n6. a. How are you going to clean them?Well wash them. n b. How are you going to glean them?Its difficult to get the details. n7. a. Look at those clamorous girls!They are excited about the game. n b. Look at those glamorous girls!They are beautiful, arent they? n8. a. Who is going to train them?To train the players? n b. Who is going to drain them?The water flows away by itself. n9. a. People were complaining about the crime. Because we need a safer city. n b. People were complaining about the grime. Because we need a cleaner city. 10. a. Do you know how to staple them?You need a stapler. n b. Do you know how to stable them?You put them in the stable. Reading aloud Fast food nFast-food restaurants are very popular because the service is fast and the food is inexpensive. For many people, this is more important than the quality of the food. These restaurants are also popular because the food is always the same. People know that if they eat at a companys restaurant in the north or south of the city, the food will be the same. If they eat in New York or London, it will still be the same. nFast service and low cost are important in the United States. One reason is that about 50 percent of all married women with children work outside the home. They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night. Reading aloud Identify words that are stressed first. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of stops. nFast-food restaurants are very popular. nThe service is fast. nThe food is inexpensive. nThis is more important than the quality of the food. nThese restaurants are also popular. nThe food is always the same. nThey eat at a companys restaurant. nThe restaurants are in the north or south of the city. nThe food will be the same. nIf they eat in New York or London, it will still be the same. nFast service is important in the United States. nLow cost is also important in the United States. nAbout 50 percent of married women work outside the home. nMany married women with children are working outside the home. nThey are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night. Reading aloud Identify words that are stressed first. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of stops. nFast-food restaurants are very popular. nThe service is fast. nThe food is inexpensive. nThis is more important than the quality of the food. nThese restaurants are also popular. nThe food is always the same. nThey eat at a companys restaurant. nThe restaurant are in the north or south of the city. nThe food will be the same. nIf they eat in New York or London, it will still be the same. nFast service is important in the United States. nLow cost is also important in the United States. nAbout 50 percent of married women work outside the home. nMany married women with children are working outside the home. nThey are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night. Listen nStudent B = an international student studying in China nTake turns to be A and B Possible steps nSay hello to start a conversation. nTell him/her your name. nTell him/her who you are. nAsk anything appropriate about him/her. nEnd your conversation in an appropriate manner. Task 2: Introducing people in an appropriate manner. Group Work Groups of three: Take turns to be A, B and C Student A = a Chinese student Student B = a Chinese (a friend, teacher ) Student C = a foreigner (a friend, teacher ) Possible steps nA says hello to start a conversation. nA introduces B and C. nB and C say hello to each other. nAnything appropriate nEnd the conversation in an appropriate manner. Allophonic variations of /p/ Allophone Occurrence Example ph Aspirated release in initial word and stressed positionspoke p- Unreleased in word final position top ten p Unaspirated release in clusters, esp. after /s/ spot p: Lengthening, when arresting /p/ is followed by a releasing /p/ Stop Pete. p Nasal release, before a syllabic nasal Stop him. Allophonic variations of /b/ AllophoneOccurrence Example b- Unreleased in word final position rob b: lengthened when arresting /b/ is followed by a releasing /b/ Rob Bob b Nasal resonance, before a syllabic nasal Rob him. Allophonic variations of /t/ Allophone Occurrence Example th Aspirated release in initial word and stressed positionstape t- Unreleased in word final position coat hanger t Unaspirated release in clusters, esp. after /s/ stop t: Lengthening, when arresting /t/ is followed by a releasing /t/Get ten. t Nasal release, before a syllabic nasalbutton t Dentalized before / eighth Flapped, intervocalicallyletter Glottal stop, before syllabic n or l button, battle Allophonic variations of /d/ Allophone Occurrence Example d Dentalized before an interdental width d- Unreleased in word final position lead glass dl Bilateral release with /l/ middle d: Lengthened when arresting /d/ is followed by a releasing /d/ sad Dave d Nasal release, before a syllabic nasal bread and butter Allophonic variations of /k/ Allophone Occurrence Example kh Aspirated release in initial word and stressed positionskeep k- Unreleased in word final position take mine k Unaspirated release in clusters, esp. after /s/ sky k: Lengthening, when arresting /k/ is followed by releasing /k/Take Kim. k Nasal release, before a syllabic nasal beacon klBilateral release with /l/ clock c or kAssimilated to a front vowelkeen Glottal stop, before syllabic n bacon kwRounded, before a rounded sound quarter /k, g/ + /i:/ /k, g/ + /i:/ /k, g/ + /:/ Allophonic variations of /g/ Allophone Occurrence Example g- Unreleased in word final position and some clusters flag g: Lengthened when arresting /g/ is followed by a releasing /g/ big grapes gl Bilateral release with /l/ glad g Nasal release, before a syllabic nasal pig and goat g Assimilated to a front vowel geese gw Rounded, before a rounded sound goose Revision: a stressed syllable ba NAAAA na (short) (long) (short) / / / :/ / / Reduced vowel Full vowel Reduced vowel ba nana Reading aloud: The stress pattern of a word 1 potatoes _ 2 bananas _ 3 computer_ 4 oranges_ 5 monitor_ 6 customer _ 7 understand_ 8 remember_ 9 another_ 10 devotion _ Reading aloud: The primary stress in a word. 1. blueprint_ 2. driveway_ 3. motorboat _ 4. textbook _ 5. beefsteak _ 6. notebook _ 7. greenhouse _ 8. forestfire _ 9. Football _ 10.paperback _ Pronunciation is important. 发 音 很 重 要 r r r R r r r R r R R R R R Reading aloud Identify words that are stressed first. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of stops. nFast-food restaurants are very popular. nThe service is fast. nThe food is inexpensive. nThis is more important than the quality of the food. nThese restaurants are also popular. nThe food is always the same. nThey eat at a companys restaurant. nThe restaurant are in the north or south of the city. nThe food will be the same. nIf they eat in New York or London, it will still be the same. nFast service is important in the United States. nLow cost is also important in the United States. nAbout 50 percent of married women work outside the home. nMany married women with children are working outside the home. nThey are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night. Reading aloud Fast food nFast-food restaurants are very popular because the service is fast and the food is inexpensive. For many people, this is more important than the quality of the food. These restaurants are also popular because the food is always the same. People know that if they eat at a companys restaurant in the north or south of the city, the food will be the same. If they eat in New York or London, it will still be the same. nFast service and low cost are important in the United States. One reason is that about 50 percent of all married women with children work outside the home. They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night. Unit 3 English Consonants: Fricatives & Affricates /f/ /v/ / / /s/ /z/ / / /h/ / / Place of articulation Manner of articulation BilabialLabio- Dental Dental Alveolar Palato- alveolar PalatalVelarGlotal Plosive (清) (浊浊) p b t d k Fricative (清) (浊浊) f v s z h Affricate (清) (浊浊) Nasal mn Lateral l Approximant wrj English Consonants Pronunciation Power demo What are fricatives? Fricatives are made by partially blocking the airflow, thus causing the friction-like noise characteristic of these sounds. /f/ /v/ / / /s/ /z/ / / /h/ What are affricates? Affricates are sounds produced by blocking off the breadth-stream between the tongue and gum ridge, for a stop and a fricative. The term means a “blend”: consisting of a stop and a fricative. /t/ /d/ On-line Exercises What did you hear Same or different? Listen & choose Listen & respond Listen for stress Read the following sentences. Did they watch the film on television or on video? The accident happened in January, in the afternoon. Listening Exercise Sound discrimination 1. fine vine n2. fast vast n3. leaf leave n4. rifle rival n5. first thirst n6. free three n7. seem theme n8. mouse mouth n9. day they n10. word worthy 11. looselose 12. lacerlaser 13. glacierglazier 14. assureazure 15. shoechew 16. cashcatch 17. chokejoke 18. batches badges 19. washed watched 20. sharechair Listening Exercise Sounds for information 1. A. Yes, did you win it?B. Yes, its really cheap. 2. A. Call a doctor!B. Call a waiter. 3. A. No, he isnt.B. No, she isnt.