《环境专业英语翻译》PPT课件.ppt

Soil Solutions of Soil Problems 吴泽 aftermath n.后果，结果 Human beings have causes soil problems as their history can be traced.But they havent realized its serious aftermath until recently. 追溯人类的历史，人为造成的土壤问题 早就存在了。但人们直到最近才意识到它的 严重后果。 In order to protect or even improve soil quality, scientists try hard to deal with soil erosion and soil pollution. 为了保护甚至改善土壤质量,科学家们努力的去 处理土壤侵蚀和土壤的污染。 Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental and soil problems facing humanity today. 土壤侵蚀是今天人类面临的最严峻的环境和土 壤问题之一。 Erosion makes soil less productive of the plant on which animal and human depend,and being disabled to sustain water and protect from drought. 侵蚀使土壤所产生的人类和动物所依赖的植物 的产量有所降低,使之失去了保持水分和抗旱的 能力。 Equally important,erosion causes great damage in reservoirs,lakes,waterways,and municipal water supplies. 同样严峻的是，侵蚀对水库、湖泊、河道、和 城市用水的供应造成很大的损害。 Wind erosion also causes fugitive dust that may be very harmful to human health. 风蚀造成的扬尘可能严重危害人类健康。 fugitive adj.无常的，易变的 Protecting soil from the ravages of water and wind is by far the most effective way to constrain erosion. There are two types of measures. They are engineering measures and ecological measures. 到目前为止，保护土壤不受水蚀风蚀破坏的最 有效的方法是约束侵蚀。约束侵蚀有两类措施，即 工程措施和生态措施。 ravage n.破坏，创伤，蹂躏 constrain vt.强迫，抑制，拘束 Engineering measures are using terraces,or some other buildings to sustain soil;ecological measures mainly use plants to sustain soil and improve soil quality. 工程方法是使用梯田或其它建筑物来保持土壤 ; 生态方法主要是运用植物来保持土壤和改善土 壤质量。 terrace n.梯田，梯田的一层 In croplands and forests，such protection is due mainly to the cover of plants and their residues. 在农田和森林中，土壤保护主要是以植物覆盖 和他们的残留来实现的。 cropland n.农田，植作物之农地 residue n.残余，滤渣，剩余物 Maintaining coverage density at least 30% has contributed to the significant reductions in soil erosion. 维护至少30%的植被覆盖率可以显著的降低土 壤侵蚀。 For the sake of future forest productivity and current water quality, foresters must become more selective in their harvest practices and invest more in proper forest road constrain. 为了未来的森林生产力和流水的水质， 林业工作者应该更加有选择性地从事收获活 动，并且在森林道路数量的限制中投入更多 的精力。 Constrain sites for buildings, road, and other engineering projects lay bare many scattered areas of soil that add up to serious soil erosion problems. 建筑物、道路和其他工程项目的限建场地裸露 的分散在各个区域，加重了土壤侵蚀的问题。 Control of sediment from constrain sites requires carefully phase land clearing, along with vegetative and artificial soil covers, and installation of various barriers and sediment-holding ponds. 控制限制场地的沉积物需要阶段性的仔细的进行 地面清扫，同时还需要植被和人造的土壤覆盖，以 及各种屏障和沉积物贮存池。 phase v.按计划进行，使配合 Soil erosion-control systems must be developed in relation to those use the land, and especially the poor, for whom immediate needs must overshadow concerns for the future. 土壤侵蚀控制系统必须建立和土地使用者的关系 ，特别是穷人，对他们来说，眼前的需要远大于对 未来的担忧。 overshadow v.遮蔽，使失色 People always cause pollution, but significant concern about pollution problems is a recent development as a result of increasing population, new types of pollutants, and increasingly sensitive techniques for detecting pollutants. 人们总是造成污染，但对污染问题的高度关注是随 着近年来人口的增长、新型污染物的产生和越来越敏 感的污染物检测技术 。 In order to protect soil and improve soil quality, we must do soil environmental quality assessment to comprehend and grasp the capacity and quality of soil. 为了保护土壤和改善土壤质量,我们必须对土壤环 境作出评估来理解和把握土壤能力和特性。 assessment n.评估，评价估计数 Soil pollution is the key segment of environmental pollution. Most pollutants and the products of their breakdown in soil reactions can be toxic to humans and other animals if the contaminants move from the soil into plants, soil fauna,and particularly into water supplies. 土壤污染是环境污染的关键部分。如果大量的污染 物和它们在土壤中分解的产物从土壤中进入植物、土 栖动物，尤其是进入水源，将对人类和其他动物是有 毒性的。 fauna n.动物群，动物区系 Protecting soil from pollutions is to control the sources of pollutants and reduce the quantily of pollutants in soil. 保护土壤不受污染，主要是控制污染源和减少土 壤中污染物的数量。 According to the environment-protection policy in our country, dealing with soil pollution must give first place to prevention. 根据我国环保政策, 应对土壤污染必须以预防为 主。 That is to say, in order to protect soil from pollution, the main measure we can take is to control and remove the sources of pollutants. 也就是说：为了保护土壤不受污染，我们可以采 取的主要措施是控制和消除污染物的来源。 Therere some measures to control pollution sources, such as reducing the use of pesticides, using fertilizers, controlling the quantity of industrial waste-water and sewage water, etc. 还有一些控制污染来源的措施,比如减少使用 杀虫剂和肥料，控制工业废水和污水的排放等措 施。 The main methods to improve the quality of polluted soil are physical measure, ecological measure and chemical measure, for instance, deep tillage, organism absorption,using inhibitor and organic fertilizers and so on. 改善受污染土壤质量的主要方法是物理措施、生 态措施和化学措施，例如，深耕作、生物吸收、使 用抑制剂和有机肥料等。. inhibitor n.抑制剂，抑制者 Soil and water conservation deals with the wise use of these important resources. Wise use requires understanding, knowledge, and assessment. 水土保护取决于明智的使用这些重要的资源 。明智的使用水土资源需要了解、认识和评估它 们。 Since population increase rapidly, the importance of conserving soil productivity and protecting the quality of both soil and water is becoming clear to more people than ever before. 随着人口的迅速增长，越来越多的人明显的 意识到保护土壤生产力和保护土壤与水质量的重 要性。 Soil and water resources in the earth are finite and are already under intensive use and misuse. 地球上的土壤和水资源是有限的，并且已经 在集约利用和滥用。 Soil conservatio