Lecture1翻译概述.ppt

英语遍世界，翻译是桥梁。-周恩来 Lecture One Definitions Differences between English and Chinese Criteria of translation Basic requirements on translators Translation approaches 1. Definitions To turn into ones own language or another language - (Websters Third New International Dictionary of the English Language) “翻成本族语言或另一种语言” Definition Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber, 1982:12) 所谓翻译，是指从语义到文体在译语中用最 切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。 翻译是译者将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一 种语言文字表述出来的文化活动。 Definition 1）a love letter 2) a “dear John” letter 情书 绝交信 1) hard rocks 2) hard times 3) a hard smile 4) hard work 5) a hard winter 6) hard on somebody 7) think hard 8) a hard question 坚硬的岩石 艰难岁月 冷酷的笑 辛苦的工作 / 努力工作 严寒的冬天 对某人严厉 认真思考 让人难以回答的问题 Forms oral translation written translation computer-aided / machine translation 2. Basic Differences between Chinese smoothness） What is a good translation? I am sure that it would change the situation if you are kind enough to lend support to me. 我相信如果你有足够的好心支持我的话，它将 会改变形势。 【译文】 我相信如果你非常好心能撑我一把的 话，情况就不一样了。 What is a good translation? Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹 唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙 热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。 掌握必要的翻译理论和技巧 加强英汉两种语言的修养，拓宽知识面（语言 基本功/文化背景/社会知识/地理知识/政治倾向 ） 译精于勤（Practice makes perfect） 4. Basic requirements on translators 翻译方法 5. Literal Translation（直译） and Liberal / Free Translation（意译） True Lies Shawshank Redemption A World without Thieves Let the Bullet Fly Up Ghost Just my Luck Sacrifice If you are the one Literal Translation The so-called literal translation, superficially speaking, means “not to alter the original words and sentences”; strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”. 所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文 中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式-特 别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方特色。 但直译不是死译和硬译。 1. Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War. 武装到牙齿 (比“全副武装”好） 2. But I hated Sakamoto, and I had a feeling hed surely lead us both to our ancestors. “去见祖先” 保持了原文的比喻，译文也通顺， “带着我们去送死”，通顺 但失去原文的形式，较逊色 。 Liberal / Free Translation an alternative approach used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. 当原文的思想内容与疑问的表达形式有矛盾，不宜采 取直译法处理的时候，可采用意译。 意译要求译文能够正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘 泥于原文的形式。 at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 It rains cats and dogs 滂沱大雨 Dont cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必自寻烦恼；不要自找麻烦。 Do you see any green in my eyes? 你以为我是好欺骗的吗？ He threw the slipper to the bride and groom after the wedding ceremony and left. 婚礼结束后, 他向这对新婚夫妇表达了祝福. Proper uses literal translation possibly; liberal translation alternatively Choose the better one according to the usual expressing of the target language. 无法直译时只能意译 Dont put on airs. 不要摆架子. 直译/意译均可，意译更传神 There is no way of proving this point. 现在没有办法证明这一点。/ 这一点尚无定论。 包办买卖婚姻 arranged or bought free translation “乱译”/“胡译”: Do not add personal emotion to the original works. Dead translation（死译） 好 好 学习 Good good study, 天 天 向上 day day up. () Study hard and you will make progress every day. 哪 里！ 哪 里！ Where! Where! () Thank you. (Its very kind of you to say so.) 3. In idioms translation, if there are corresponding set sayings both in Chinese and English, just match them instead of translating literally. 1) Birds of a feather flock (聚结) together 物以类聚 2) Nothing can be made out of nothing 巧妇难为无米之炊。 3) Great men are apt to have short memories 贵人多忘事。 4) Agues come on horse back, but go away on foot 病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。 既然你已经错过良机了，振作起来吧。天涯何处 无芳草呢，将来有的是机会。 你这是放马后炮。岁月不饶人啊! miss the bus A Monday morning quarterback There is plenty of fish in the sea. Time and tide wait for no man. Commonly used idioms or proverbs Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌 lion in the way 拦路虎 Diamond cuts diamond 棋逢对手 Two can play the game. 孤掌难鸣 to grow like mushrooms 雨后春笋 wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡 talk horse 吹牛 kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵 drink like a fish 牛饮 He that lives with cripples learns to limp. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 Have one foot in the grave 行将就木风烛残年 What is a good translation? 月亮代表我的心。 The moon stands for my heart. The moon reflects my mood. What is a good translation? 士为知己者死，女为悦己者容。 A gentleman dies for one who knows his heart; a woman makes up her face for one who pleases her. A true man is ready to die a loyal death for those who know the worth of him; a woman is eager to live a happy life with one who touches the chord in her. Translation Improvement 1. She is in love with him. 2. Commit no nuisance. 3. I found myself at the foot of a hill. 4. 岂有此理。 5. 他这人从来不管什么 三七二十一。 她和他在爱中。 不要犯讨厌。 我在一座小山的山脚发 现了自己。 There is no such principle. He never cares that three times seven equals to twenty-one. S