描述翻译学视角下《先知》两个汉译本的规范差异研究.pdf

分类号： h0 分类号： h0 密 级：公 开 密 级：公 开 u d c: _ u d c: _ 单位代号：10424 单位代号：10424 学 位 论 文 学 位 论 文 a comparative study on the different norms in the two chinese versions of the prophet from the perspective of descriptive translation studies 描述翻译学视角下先知两个汉译本 的规范差异研究 描述翻译学视角下先知两个汉译本 的规范差异研究 叶 露 叶 露 申请学位级别：硕士学位申请学位级别：硕士学位 专业名称：英语语言文学 专业名称：英语语言文学 指导教师姓名：赵 鲁 平 指导教师姓名：赵 鲁 平 职 称：教 授 职 称：教 授 山 东 科 技 大 学 山 东 科 技 大 学 二零一二年十一月二零一二年十一月 论文题目： 论文题目： 描述翻译学视角下先知两个汉译 本的规范差异研究 描述翻译学视角下先知两个汉译 本的规范差异研究 作者姓名： 叶 露 作者姓名： 叶 露 入学时间： 入学时间：2009 年年 9 月 月 专业名称： 专业名称：英语语言文学 英语语言文学 研究方向：研究方向：英汉对比语言学英汉对比语言学 指导教师：赵 鲁 平 指导教师：赵 鲁 平 职 称： 教 授 职 称： 教 授 论文提交日期： 论文提交日期：2012 年年 11 月 月 论文答辩日期： 论文答辩日期： 授予学位日期： 授予学位日期： a comparative study on the different norms in the two chinese versions of the prophet from the perspective of descriptive translation studies a dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of master of arts from shandong university of science and technology by ye lu supervisor: professor zhao luping college of foreign languages november 2012 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 与其他任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名：硕士生签名： 日日 期：期： affirmatioin i declare that this dissertation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of master of arts in shandong university of science and technology, is my own work except the parts indicated in the references. the document has not been submitted for qualification at any other academic institution. signature: date: 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘摘 要要 先知是纪伯伦的散文巅峰之作，也是作家对人生思索的智慧结晶。中国 大量的专家、学者和译者对这部作品的汉译本进行了研究。本文认为，在已知的 先知七个译本中，冰心译本和钱满素译本较好。站在描述翻译学的视角，借 鉴图里的翻译规范理论，本文主要对冰心译本和钱满素译本作了描述研究，以期 发现两个译本所采用的翻译规范， 并试图通过考察外因多元系统中各子系统 的互动关系，以及内因译者本身所受的规范制约，来解释翻译规范存在的差 异。 本文共分五章。第一章由研究背景、文献综述、研究目的和意义，以及论文 的结构组成。第二章为译本对比的理论基础，包含三个密切相关的理论：描述翻 译学、多元系统理论和翻译规范。描述翻译学不再局限于原文与译文的对应，而 是通过描写社会、文化、语言和翻译等各子系统构成的多元系统，来考察在译入 语语境中翻译与其它系统的互动作用。同时翻译是由规范制约的一项活动，因而 译本的对比分析离不开对不同译本所体现的规范的研究。 第三章详细对比了冰心 译本和钱满素译本中的三种规范，即初始规范、预备规范和操作规范，并指出翻 译活动与译入语的文化语境联系十分密切， 同时翻译的地位也在很大程度上影响 译者的翻译策略。第四章主要分析了两个译本产生差异的原因：首先是源于翻译 与社会、文化、语言等多元系统的各要素的互动；其次源于译者所受的内部规范 的制约。 第五章是结语， 给出论文的结论和进一步的研究方向。 本文认为， 社会、 文化、出版和读者等要素构成了影响译者的社会文化语境，而译者的社会身份、 对原文的理解和翻译策略是造成译本差异的主要原因。 关键字：关键字：描述翻译学；多元系统；翻译规范； 先知 ；汉译本 i 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 abstract abstract the prophet is the summit of gibrans prose, and it is also full of the essence of gibrans meditation on life. in china a large number of experts, scholars and translators are attracted to study its chinese versions. the thesis proposes that bingxins and qian mansus versions are better than the other chinese versions. this thesis mainly adopts tourys translation norms to find the translation norms in bingxins and qian mansus versions from a descriptive way. furthermore, the thesis attempts to explain the differences of norms from the external factor, namely, interplay between subsystems in the polysystem, and the internal factor, namely, constraints of translators. the thesis consists of five parts. chapter one gives an introduction of the research background, literature review, objectives and significance of the study, and its layout. chapter two is the theoretical framework of the thesis. it supplies the theoretical basis for the present study. it contains three closely related theories, the polysystem, the descriptive translational studies (short for dts), along with translation norms. rather than limited to the tradition of correspondence between source texts and target texts, dts is a study of describing subsystems, like social-cultural subsystems, language subsystem etc., and analyzing the interplay between translation and other subsystems. moreover, translation is a norm-governed activity, and the study of the differences between the two versions cannot escape from studying the norms in each version. chapter three analyzes in detail the three translation norms in the two versions, that is, initial, preliminary and operational norms, pointing out that there exists an intimate connection between translation activity and the recipient cultural context, and that the position of translation determines translators translational strategies to a large degree. chapter four explores the cause of the differences of norms in the two versions: the interplay of subsystems in the polysystem and the internal constraints from translators themselves. chapter five summarizes the major findings and presents suggestions for further studies. the thesis claims that factors like society, culture, publisher and readership, constitute the ii 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 abstract socio-cultural context, which exerts a great impact on translators. however, the key elements leading to different versions are the identities of translators, their understandings of source texts, and their translational strategies. key words: dts; polysystem; translational norm; the prophet; chinese version iii 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 contents contents 摘摘 要要 .i abstract. ii chapter 1 introduction.1 1.1 research background .1 1.2 literature review4 1.2.1 studies on gibran and his works 4 1.2.2 studies on the prophets translation.6 1.2.3 summary of the literature.7 1.3 objective and significance of the study.7 1.4 layout of the study.8 chapter 2 theoretical framework10 2.1 theoretical background of tourys norms thoery.10 2.1.1 even-zohars polysystem theory10 2.1.2 gideon tourys descriptive translation studies12 2.2 gideon tourys translational norms.13 2.2.1 three kinds of norms14 2.2.2 significance of translational norms15 chapter 3 translational norms in the two chinese versions.17 3.1 preliminary norms of the two chinese versions .18 3.1.1 socio-cultural backdrop of the two chinese versions18 socio-cultural backdrop from the may fourth movement to the 1930s 18 socio-cultural backdrop in the 1990s.20 3.1.2 directness.22 3.2 operational norms of the two chinese versions .23 3.2.1 matricial norms.23 3.2.2 textual-linguistic norms24 chapter 4 possible reasons for the differences of norms in the two chinese versions37 4.1 interplay of sub-systems.37 4.1.1 after 1919 37 4.1.2 in the 1990s38 4.2 internal constraints of translators39 4.2.1 bingxins identities and translation strategies40 4.2.2 qian mansus identities and translation strategies.41 chapter 5 conclusion .43 bibliography45 acknowledgements49 main work achievement of the author during working on master study.50 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 chapter 1 introduction chapter 1 introduction kahlil gibran (1883-1931), the lebanese-american poet and artist, is chiefly known in the english speaking world for his the prophet published in 1923. it is a classic that is helpful to a man who is searching for the spiritual truths of the soul. the words written next to his grave are “a word i want to see written on my grave: i am alive like you, and i am standing beside you. close your eyes and look around, you will see me in front of you ” his artisty and spirit should be alive eternally in the world. his enduring and universal appeal is gained owing to his wisdom of life and insights into human nature. he touches the heights and depths of the human nature through wisdom, love, and sorrow during his relatively short life. the prophet is about a “prophet” by the name of “al-mustafa” (arabic for the chosen). in a small village in modern lebanon, gibrans protagonist, the prophet begins his journey at sea. prior to his leaving, he must say goodbye to all the villagers. throughout the book, his audience asks the prophet to address all the truths, “speak to us of sorrow”, one asks, “speak to us of children,” another inquires. the prophet addresses each of these questions with sagacity and timeless wisdom. the prophet is well integrated with the western culture. his sentences from this book have inspired song lyrics, political speeches and have been read out at weddings and funerals all around the world. “it serves various occasions or big moments in ones life so it tends to be a book that is often gifted to a lover, or for a birth, or death. that is why it has spread so widely, and by word of mouth,” says dr mohamed salah omri, a lecturer in modern arabic literature at oxford university (shoku amirani and stephanie hegarty, 2012). it is a convincing explanation for gibrans universal appeal. 1.1 research background the first english version of the prophet was published by the alfred a knopf publisher in 1923. there have been seven chinese versions so far: bingxins chinese version was published by the new moon bookstore in 1 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 chapter 1 introduction 1931. zheng naipings chinese version was published by the world trade press in 1987. ge tieying edited gibran collected works which contains the prophets translation. his version was published by the huashan literature and art publishing in 1993. guan cheng and the renowned scholar, qian mansu edited the most eminent writers in the world where qian mansus version was included. this version was published by the hebei education press in 1994. lin zhihaos version was published by the harbin publishing house in 2004. hou haoyuan edited and translated sand and form, including the translation of the prophet. this version was published by the shaanxi peoples publishing house in 2005. xiao yus chinese version was published by the china business press in 2008. as we can see from the above data, after the publication of bingxins translation, gibrans the prophet is rapidly and widely spreading in china. there are many translators contributing to the retranslation of the prophet. the chinese versions appear at different times. there is a long span of time between the versions. consequently the different versions are rooted in quite different literary backgrounds and social contexts. the phenomenon that the numerous versions gradually come out is a noticeable translation incident. as far as the existing researches are concerned, analysis of different versions lags behind the speed of translation updating, which becomes the greatest impetus to drive the author to study this subject, namely, the comparative analysis of different versions. the thesis proposes that bingxins and qian mansus versions are better than the other chinese versions. bingxins version, which is regarded as the earliest and the most influential translation, obviously has a high value to study. the complicated social background of bingxins version and her identities add a rich implication to the present study. qian mansu, an expert in studying the american civilization, has an academic tendency towards the translation of the book. and her western cultural 2 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 chapter 1 introduction advantage enables her to perceive the source text at a deeper level. the prophet, which is also born in the environment of american civilization, can be more thoroughly understood by qian mansu. her strategies in translation are one of the focuses of this thesis. in the early stage, bingxin receives a good education on the chinese classic literature. bingxin was born into a family in fuzhou, fujian, but moved to the coastal port city of yantai, shandong, with her family when she was four. it is in yantai that bingxin first begins to read the classics of chinese literature, such as romance of three kingdoms and water margin, when she was just seven. this reading habit had great impact on her later literary career. in 1913, bingxin moved to beijing. she started to write for a school newspaper at yanjing university where she was enrolled as a student and publishes her first novel. bingxin graduated from yanjing university in 1923 with a bachelors degree, and went to the united states to study at wellesley college, earning a masters degree at wellesley in literature in 1926, when her outstanding bilingual competence came to a high level. she then returned to yanjing university to teach until 1936. bingxin is a prolific writer, and she writes a wide range of works, like prose, poems, novels, reflections, etc. her literary career spans more than seven decades in length, from 1919 to the 1990s. she creates the “bingxin style” as a new literary style. she contributes a lot to childrens literature in china. some of her writings are even incorporated into childrens textbooks. she also undertakes various translation tasks, including the translation of rabindranath tagores works. qian mansu was born in shanghai, having a doctor degree at harvard university in american civilization, and she is also a distinguished professor in nanjing normal university. furthermore, as a researcher at the chinese academy of social sciences, she is mainly engaged in studying the american literature and culture. she is active in researches on american history, literature, politics, and has edited many books, like theories of contemporary american novelist and the young america. 3 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 chapter 1 introduction 1.2 literature review this thesis on the comparison of the two chinese versions is built itself on the achievements of the former studies. hence the section will trace the development of studies on gibran, his works and his chinese version of the prophet over the last decades to the present day. there are many papers, dissertations and monographs related to the studies of gibran. 1.2.1 studies on gibran and his works in the 1990s, most studies focused on the introduction and translation of gibrans works. there were three waves of introduction and translation: in the early 1930s; in 1981 to 1983, namely, from the 50th anniversary of the kahlil gibrans death to the 100th anniversary of his birth; and two gibrans collected works publishing which were edited respectively by i hong and han jiarui in the 1990s. in 1990s, the studies of gibran were generally incorporated into the kind of arab cultural studies by researchers and scholars in china. the introduction of gibran, his works and thoughts are compiled into monographs as a part of the arabic literatural and philosophical studies. zhong jikun (2004: 304) described gibrans biography and his works in detail. his book helped a lot to fully understand gibran and his works. there were at least ten books of this kind, which introduced his biography in the arabic socio-cultural context. furthermore, there were many works studying gibran and his works in the eastern literature context. mai yongxiong (2001: 154) regarded gibran as a soul poet, a quite honorable title to praise his artistic achievement. at the beginning of the 21st century, the research adopted much wider perspectives than before, when gibran as a prose poet attracted more and more attention. researchers performed the contrastive analyses between gibran and wittman, gibran and lu xun, a famous essayist after the may fourth movement, and gibran and wen yiduo. in the comparison with lu xun, zhu xiaolan, yao jianbin ( 2007: 7) found out the rich diversities between the two writers in the following three factors, the strong patriotic sense, the creation style and the structure arrangement. they also expounded the social and historical significance of the two writers. and in 4 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 chapter 1 introduction the comparison with wittman, lin fengmin (2002: 53) made a conclusion that the two writers had similar concepts in using innovative language, having rhythmic senses, and the rebelling spirits. the finding illustrated the plausibility of communication in the two quite varied cultures of the poets. in addition, many researchers focused on the aesthetic features of the chinese translation of the prophet. there were many articles centered in techniques of translation. zhang liling and luo jinfang (2000: 46-48) discussed the musical and poetic beauty in gibrans prose poems. they assessed the artistic value in the works as considerably high, like poem paintings. moreover, they pointed out that the adoption of defamiliarization technique brought powerful tension and formed a blurred sense. the two effects then played a positive role in the formation of the wonderful imagery, the remarkable insights, the gorgeous beauty and profound implications in gibrans works. at the same time, many articles were involved in exploring gibrans thoughts, namely, penetrating insights, religious charms, philosophy of love. in zhu minghuas dissertation (2011: 10-12), he combed adequately the process of gibrans thought to the uttermost purity. in gibrans earlier stage, his works was made up of rebellion and madness. he felt intensive pity for the poor, and expressed his worrying about the miserable condition of his compatriots. in the second stage, he began to think more deeply and sought for methods that could change the society thoroughly. he finally found love and beauty, starting to appreciate love and pursue beauty rather than to destroy the obsolete tradition. zhu minghua makes a clear conclusion about gibrans philosophy of love and beauty. love contained responsibility for family and homeland, and even for the faithful pursuit of arts. and he also believed that the beauty was cherishing and devoting to life. from the perspective of creation, cao shunqing (2006: 5) had a careful and innovative analysis. he frankly and forthrightly illustrated the disadvantage of the former researches. in china, as far as the existing achievements were concerned, there was an apparent phenomenon that most of the achievements depended on gibrans “oriental background” and the arabic or chinese translation materials. this 5 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 chapter 1 introduction p