英语专业学习导论--lecture.ppt

Term 1 ， 2012 Lectured by Liu Juan Lecture 4 1 Enhance Learning Ability in Language Training Learn to Listen Learn to Read Learn to speak Watch the following video clip and find whether you can understand. Clip Is it difficult for you to understand the videos? What makes it easy or difficult? Cultural knowledgeVocabulary Listening strategies Grammar 1. Preparing for Listening 2. Practicing Listening Learn to Listen 3. Integrating Listening with Other Skills 4) Choosing appropriate materials 3) Planning for listening practice 2) Assessing listening strategy 1) Indentifying difficulties in listening 1. Preparing for Listening 2) Assessing listening strategy * Try to guess if not fully understand what is being said. * Use your knowledge of the world in understanding a conversation, a movie, or radio/TV broadcast. * Try to keep listening although you dont understand, to get a clue as to what is meant. * When you dont understand, pinpoint for your conversation partner what exactly you dont understand. * Summarize what you have understood and ask conversation partner for verification, when you dont understand completely. Do you have a timetable for listening practice for this term or month or week? Write down your study plan for listening. Make sure your plan considers both your identified difficulties and your preferred learning style. 3) Planning for listening practice * Beginning with something easy. * Using real life materials * Using online materials 4) Choosing appropriate materials 4) Listening to different accents 3) Listening intensively and extensively 2) Getting help from different sources 1) Identifying purposes and making predictions 2. Practicing Listening * With listening purposes in mind, you can expect what will be said and focus on the information you want, and then improve listening efficiency. * Before listening, with successful prediction, you have a general idea about what you will hear. During listening, you can also predict based on the situations, stresses and intonations, and grammatical hints. 1) Identifying purposes and making predictions 2) Getting help from different sources * Background knowledge * Visual and aural environmental clues * Stresses and intonation 3) Listening intensively and extensively * What is intensive listening? Intensive listening is for understanding every sentence and word, and / or getting familiar with the pronunciation and intonation. Eg. New Concept English You are required to dictate the 90 passages in Book 2. Understand more of the material 3) Listening intensively and extensively * What can you do to listen intensively? Listen to each sentence again and again Imitate the pronunciation and intonation Repeat the words and sentences or write down everything you hear. Become more confident Listen more actively 3) Listening intensively and extensively * What is extensive listening? Compared with intensive listening, extensive listening provides you chances to cover more material at a time and thus get more information. Besides, its real life listening, and you can put listening skills into practice. 3) Listening intensively and extensively * What can you do to listen extensively? Listen in a relaxed way Get the main idea and other information choose relatively easy materials or listen to anything you can find References: Super listener 洪恩英语 References: Step By Step 3000 (编者):张民伦 华东师范大学出版社 2008年8月出版 References: Listen To This 1 (编者):何其莘 外语教学与研究学出版社 2008年8月出版 You are required to finish it in Year 1. References: Listen To This 2 (编者):何其莘 外语教学与研究学出版社 2006年2月出版 You are required to finish it in Year 2. * Do you think we should always listen to standard British or American accents? We need to adapt to different teachers ways of speaking and using words. We need to adapt to different accents. 4) Listening to different accents Clip 1Clip 2 3) Listening and writing 2) Listening and reading 1) Listening and speaking 3. Integrating Listening with Other Skills In real life, you usually need to listen and give response. Listening and speaking are inseparable, and oral activities prepare you better for real life communication. 1) Listening and speaking Reading, especially reading aloud, is beneficial to listening because you can compare your pronunciation with the standard one, and reading is another stimulus for listening. Reading tape script helps you check your listening comprehension. But you should not read the tape script before you listen to the material. For difficult materials, you can listen two or three times before you read the tape script. 2) Listening and reading * Taking notes (refer to Lecture 3 part 3 ) * Dictation Dictation is challenging for most Chinese students. It is a test of both your listening comprehension and writing skills. 3) Listening and writing * Reasons for unsuccessful dictation 3) Listening and writing * Being nervous. * Dont understand the passage in most cases. * Can understand, but slow at writing. * Be poor in spelling. * Often make many grammar mistakes. * Poor handwriting is hard for others to identify. 听写50篇 What problems may Chinese learners have when they speak in English? * Common problems Chinese learners of English may have. * Have few opportunities to speak English. * Not sure whether you say something correctly. * Do not understand / not be understood. * Make the same mistakes over and over again. * Always think in Chinese first then translate. * Be afraid of making mistakes. 1. Preparing for Speaking 2. Practising Speaking Learn to Speak 3. Assessing Progress in Speaking 4) Creating practice opportunities 3) Laying the foundations 2) Assessing speaking strategy 1) Indentifying problems in speaking 1. Preparing for Speaking 3) Laying the foundations * Linguistic foundation: clear pronunciation, few grammar mistakes, appropriate vocabulary * Formal and informal language * Cultural knowledge * Accuracy and fluency Clip 1Clip 2 4) Creating practice opportunities * Conversations * Monologue, imitation, repetition and recitation * English corners and salons 4) Practise on different topics 3) Start and develop a conversation 2) Transfer Chinese strategies 1) Lower your anxiety 2. Practicing Speaking Practicing * Starting a conversation naturally * Responding actively * paraphrasing * Using hesitation fillers 3) Start and develop a conversation * Appealing for help * Using body language 2) Evaluating overall progress in speaking 1) Evaluating progress in a particular task 3. Assessing Progress in Speaking Assessing Progress References: 晨读英语美文100篇 四级 编者：肖婵 吉林出版集团有限责任 公司 2012年7月出版 References: 晨读英语美文100篇 六级 编者：阎丽华 吉林出版集团有限责任 公司 2012年7月出版 1. Understanding Reading 2. Improving Reading Speed Learn to Read 3. Improving Reading Comprehension 4. Reading intensively and extensively 1) What do you think are the differences between “learning to read” and “reading to learn”? Which is the ultimate goal? 1. Understanding Reading 2) Do you read letter by letter, word by word or sense group by sense group? 1. Understanding Reading 2) Try to read the following paragraph and find if you can understand. 1. Understanding Reading The phaonmneal pweor of the human mnid, aoccdrnig to arscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosnt mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iproatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. 2) Try to read the following paragraph and find if you can understand. 1. Understanding Reading The phenomenal power of the human mind, according to a research at Cambridge University, it doesnt matter in what order the letters in a word are, the only important thing is that the first and last letter be in the right place. The rest can be a total mess and you can still read it without a problem. This is because the human mind does not read every letter by itself, but the word as a whole. 3) What makes reading in English difficult for you? 1. Understanding Reading Cultural knowledge Vocabulary Long, complex sentences Something else * Before you start to read, predict the content. * When coming across a new word, use context clues to figure it out. * If the passage is puzzling, look at maps, diagrams, charts, photos, etc. for help. * Make up questions in your head to see if you can remember the information. * When finish the material, write a summary on paper or at least in your head. 4) Then, how do you read? 1. Understanding Reading 4) Avoid vocalizing 3) Avoid overusing dictionaries in extensive reading 2) Begin with something easy and