历史学论文《孔子家语·相鲁、始诛》篇所记孔子事迹言论考.doc

孔子家语相鲁、始诛篇所记孔子事迹言论考 孔子家语相鲁、始诛篇所记孔子事迹言论考 【中文摘要】 今本孔子家语,凡四十有四篇,是一部记录孔子及孔门弟子言行的著作,具有较高的史料价值。然而自宋代以来,便有学者疑其为“伪书”。此后疑古盛行,家语遂成为一部久成定谳的“伪书”,严重影响了其史料价值的利用。自二十世纪七十年代以来,河北定州八角廊汉墓竹简儒家者言、安徽阜阳双古堆汉墓简牍、上海博物馆战国楚竹简以及其他一些相关简牍的相继出土问世,引发了学者对家语的重新认识和估价。内容包括材料来源、编撰成书、与孔安国的关系、与王肃的关系等重大学术问题,从宏观上肯定了家语为真书。但是对其中的具体材料,则缺乏有效的甄别,尤其是对其中大量的孔子言行,还缺少从微观上进行考信。本文通过对家语的前两篇相鲁、始诛所记孔子“宰中都”、夹谷之会、隳三都、孔子诛少正卯、处理父子争讼六事逐一进行考察、梳理,分析其材料的可靠性,并对其中所记的事迹、言论进行考信,试图为今后的孔子及其思想的研究提供更加真实、可靠的材料。本文在论证的过程中,先从材料比勘入手,对各种材料的时代次序进行分辨,如对“隳”、“堕”两字在先秦及秦汉部分文献中使用的频率,可知“隳”时代更早,从而推断家语中材料更为原始。对其中涉及的事件,从历史角度进行考证,如从当时的社会环境考证孔子为“制”中都的可能性、从司空与司寇的职责上判断,孔子“沟而合诸墓”之举实为司空之事、从汶阳之田、郓地、欢地、龟阴之田的位置,判断齐国归还鲁国的土地等等。对材料中的孔子言论、反映的孔子思想如重礼思想,为政思想等,则通过与论语等其他文献的对比进行了分析。经过探讨,我们发现相鲁、始诛两篇的材料基本上是可信的,有着较为原始的材料来源。其中所记述的孔子事迹、言论基本上都是可信的,可以成为今后孔子及其思想研究的材料。不过其中也确有后人增损改动的成分,虽然这种情况符合古书传流的一般规律,不能据此否认其中材料的真实性,但是也提醒我们在使用时需要作具体分析。【英文摘要】 confuciusjiayu,which has forty-four parts,is a record of words and deeds of confucius and his disciples throughout the book.it has a high historical value.however,since the song dynasty,some scholars suspect that it is a “pseudo-book”.from then on,the prevalence of yigu.confuciusjiayu has become a long-scheduled to decide judicially into the “pseudo-book”,thus seriously affecting its historical value utilizagtion.since the seventies of the twentieth century,han-dynasty tomb bamboo rujiazheyan discovered in bajiaolang dingzhou hebei,han-dynasty tomb bamboo slips in shuanggudui fuyang anhui,the warring states chu bamboo slips in shanghai museum and other related bamboo slips have been unearthed one after another,leding scholars to re-recognize and evaluate confuciusjiayu.the major academic issues related to the source of material, compiling and editing into a book,the relations with kong anguo,the relations with wang su and so on.they affirm that confuciusjiayu is a real book from a macroscopical angle. however,there is lack of effective screening on the specific materials,especially lack of demonstration on many words and deeds of confucius from a microcosmic angle.this article through to inspecte and comb six-contentious matters in the frontal two chapters xianglu and shizhu of confuciusjiayuconfucius was official in zhongdou, jiagu club,destroying all three,confucius killed shaozhengmao,father and son dealed with dispute,analyzing the reliability of materials,demonstrating the words and deeds,attempting to provide more authentic and reliable materials for future study about confucius and his thought.in the course of argument in this paper,we starte from the material contrast,then distinguish the order of time of a variety of materials,such as to character “hui”,thoughout the frequency of use in some books of the pre-qin and qin and han dynasties,we found that confuciusjiayu had more original material.treated of the events,we demonstrate the likelihood that confucius was a official in zhongdou from the social environmen,judging from sikou and sikong on duty,we can know that confucius ditchered and the mergered zhaogong cemetery to the graves when he was sikong,from the turtle position of wenyang, yun,huan and qiuyin,we know qi returned the land to lu and so on.reflecting remarks and thought of confucius in materials,such as ceremony and politics,we analyze through to contrast with lunyu and other literature.after exploring,we find that materials of xianglu and shizhu are credible,with a more original material source,the deeds and words are also basically credible,which can become materials for future study about confucius and his thought.however there are some changes in the composition,this is in line with the transmission of old books,and we hould not deny the authenticity materials according to this situation.but to remind us that we should have specific analysis when we use it.【中文关键词】 “宰中都”; 夹谷之会; 隳三都; 少正卯; 考信 【英文关键词】 official in zhongdou; jiagu club; destroy all three; shaozhengmao; demonstration 【毕业论文目录】摘要 3-4 abstract 4-5 绪言 8-9 一、”宰中都” 9-17 (一) 材料比较 9-11 1、”四寸之棺,五寸之椁” 9 2、”西方”与”四方” 9 3、”司空”与”司寇” 9-11 (二) 事迹考信 11-16 1、”宰中都”事迹考 11-13 2、”宰中都”的时间 13-16 (三) 言论考信 16-17 1、从论语看孔子所言 16 2、从礼记看孔子所言 16-17 3、从出土文献看孔子所言 17 二、夹谷之会 17-26 (一) 材料比勘 17-19 (二) 事迹考信 19-24 1、齐鲁夹谷会盟的背景 20 2、孔子为”相”说 20-21 3、关于斩侏儒诸事 21-22 4、齐归鲁地考 22-24 5、夹谷之会的过程 24 (三) “相夹谷”所见孔子言论考 24-26 1、对定公孔子所言 24-25 2、对梁丘据所言 25-26 三、隳三都 26-33 (一) 材料比勘 26-29 (二) 事迹考信 29-30 (三) 公山不狃召孔子考 30 (四) “隳三都”所见孔子言论考 30-33 1、”家不藏甲” 31 2、”邑无百雉之城” 31-32 3、武力要依”礼”而行 32-33 四、沈犹氏等四事 33-35 (一) 材料比勘 33-34 (二) 事件的可靠性问题 34-35 五、诛少正卯 35-44 (一) 材料比勘 35-38 (二) 少正卯考 38-40 1、古代