资本主义论文论魏源思想中的资本主义倾向.doc

论魏源思想中的资本主义倾向 【摘要】 所谓的“资本主义倾向”是指封建社会后期封建主义向资本主义转变的一种必要的思想过渡要求,是资本主义产生和发展过程中的最初形态。魏源身处中国由封建社会向半殖民地半封建社会转变的时代,表现了超凡的思想境界,其思想中体现的“资本主义倾向”意识是当时中国思想界中最为杰出的部分,表现出了积极的时代进步性。历史的车轮驶入十九世纪以后,随着外国资本主义文化的传入,加之中国内部资本主义萌芽的恢复发展,客观上催化了当时新思维的萌发。同时魏源自身所具有的个人因素,也是其资本主义倾向意识产生的一个重要条件。魏源思想中表现出来的资本主义倾向,有其时代基础,并不超越历史而存在。魏源的思想中蕴含着丰富的资本主义倾向:经济上,魏源倡导了“缓本急标”、“货先于食”这一突破封建传统观念的经济理念,并进一步提出了建立近代资本主义工业,发展资本主义通商的初步设想,表现出了一定的资本主义倾向意识,透漏出了一定的近代经济分析曙光;政治上,魏源注重个人在社会中的地位和作用,提出了民主议政、广开言路的先进主张,孕育出了资本主义民权思想的初步萌芽。魏源在其著作中,还对西方资本主义民主制度进行了详细的介绍,字里行间已经透露出了赞美和向往之情,为古老封建的中国第一次引进了民主的新观念。由于阶级和时代的局限,魏源的资本主义倾向并没有形成完整的理论体系,一些看法也有失偏颇,但仍展示了时代发展的方向,魏源思想中的资本主义倾向无愧于中国近代资本主义发展的“前驱先路”,对中国近代的洋务运动、戊戌变法,以至日本的明治维新都产生了积极的借鉴作用【abstract】 “the capitalism inclines “is a kind of necessary transition thought to request after feudalistic society period, is a kind of first appearance in capitalism produce with develop process. wei yuan expressed the very high thought state in china from feudalistic society face semi-colony semi-feudal society change of ages, his “capitalism incline “ is at that timely china thought boundary the best the part that out thoughts the boundary in china, expressing the positive ages advance.history entered 19 century, streaming into along with the foreign capitalistic culture, and chinese development that capitalism sprout, produced the new thought. at the same time, the personal factor of wei yuan, is an important term that his capitalism incline to produce. wei yuans capitalism tendency, is an ages to have it foundation, do not overstep the history but existed.wei yuan contains large quantity capitalism tendency: on the economy, puts forward the economic principle of the “huan ben ji biao” “huo xian yu si”, putting forward to establish the modern age capitalism industry again, developing the first step that capitalism trade theory conceive, all expressing a the certain capitalism inclines. on the political, put forward forerunner whom people participate in politics lay claim to, wei yuan gave birth to capitalism peoples rights of embryo tic. in his work, introduce the western democratic institution, have the laudation with the meaning that look forward to, ushered in the democratic new ideas for china for the first time.because rank with the reason of the ages, wei yuans capitalism tendency have no the complete system in formation, but displayed the direction of the ages, exercising to all produce the positive function to the modern-times ocean in china yang yong dong ,wu xu bian fa and ming zhi wei xin, is precursor that chinese modern age capitalism development. 【关键词】 魏源; 资本主义倾向; 历史影响 【key words】 wei yuan; capitalism tendency ; historical influence 论魏源思想中的资本主义倾向中文摘要 6-7 abstract 7 第一章 导言 8-15 一、学术史回顾 8-13 二、研究意义和主要观点 13-15 第二章 魏源思想中资本主义倾向产生的历史原因 15-21 一、时代条件 15-18 二、个人因素 18-21 第三章 魏源思想中资本主义倾向的主要内容 21-37 一、经济方面 21-27 1. 具有朦胧的资本主义重商意识 21-23 2. 萌发出发展资本主义工业的初步设想 23-24 3. 提出开展对外贸易的简单资本主义通商论 24-27 二、政治方面 27-37 1. 孕育产生出近代资本主义民权思想的初步萌芽 28-29 2. 提出了具有西方资本主义色彩的法制思想 29-31 3. 宣传赞扬西方资本主义的民主制度 31-37 第四